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Biomedical subjects

J Halse

Publications and source records attributed to J Halse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Aluminium accumulation and immunosuppressive effect in recipients of kidney transplants.

Aluminium that has accumulated in the body is thought to have a generalised cytotoxic effect. A prospective study of aluminium accumulation in bone-that is, subclinical aluminium toxicity--was carried out in 94 recipients of kidney allografts, who were followed up for three years. Subclinical aluminium toxicity was found in 66 patients. A significantly smaller proportion of patients with aluminium accumulation experienced a rejection episode: 30 (58%) nu 12 (86%) who received grafts from cadavers and 4 (29%) nu 10 (71%) who received grafts from living donors. On multivariate analysis only the source of the kidney and aluminium accumulation were found to influence the rejection rate. These findings suggest that aluminium accumulation has an immunosuppressive effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Renal osteodystrophy in predialysis patients without stainable bone aluminum. A cross-sectional bone-histomorphometric study.

Histomorphometry was performed on transiliac bone biopsies, double-labeled with tetracycline, from 60 consecutively admitted patients (20 women) at various stages of chronic renal failure (CRF). Eleven patients (1 woman) had normal bone resorption and formation indices. Bone resorption and osteoid formation increased with progression of renal failure, but abnormal values were seen even at slightly elevated creatinine levels. Mineralization lag time increased with CRF duration; prolonged values were only seen in patients with polycystic kidney disease or chronic pyelonephritis with advanced CRF. All patients with impaired mineralization also had increased bone resorption. Diabetes mellitus did not protect against skeletal lesions. The biochemical tests were too insensitive to predict type or severity of bone disease, and hand X-rays had no diagnostic value in early stages of renal osteodystrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Gastrointestinal absorption and urinary excretion of aluminium in patients with predialysis chronic renal failure.

In a randomized cross-over study, serum and urinary aluminum (A1) was measured in 8 patients with predialysis chronic renal failure. Samples were taken after ingestion of an A1-containing phosphate binder (ACPB) with either water or 7% citric acid, and A1 was analyzed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Both serum levels and urinary excretion of A1 increased markedly after ingestion of ACPB with citric acid. Only urinary A1 excretion increased significantly after ACPB with water. Citric acid alone caused no change in serum concentration or urinary excretion of A1. The serum A1 increase after ACPB with citric acid indicates that absorption of A1 is taking place in both upper and lower intestines. Marked individual variations in gastrointestinal A1 absorption, independent of kidney function, were seen after intake of ACPB with citric acid. These variations could not be predicted from changes in serum concentrations or from urinary excretion of A1 after intake of ACPB with water. Intake of ACPB caused a significant decrease in serum phosphate.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Seasonal variations in serum aluminum concentrations.

During 1984 and 1985 we performed frequent measurements of serum aluminum (Al) in patients with moderate chronic renal failure, and healthy controls, all living in the Oslo region. The results demonstrated seasonal variations with high levels in the autumn. During the peak periods serum Al increased by a factor greater than four. Outside the peaks patients using Al-containing phosphate binders had higher serum Al levels than non-users, a difference not seen during the peaks. Serum Al levels were unrelated to parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations and to calcitriol intake. Urinary excretion and the glomerular filtration rate was stable during the period with high serum Al in the autumn 1984. Increased gastrointestinal absorption of Al, possibly caused by a waterborne factor with chelating properties, may explain the seasonal variations.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

CQP 201-403, a new dopamine agonist in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia.

Current drugs used for hyperprolactinemia may have severe side effects. Effects and side effects of a new propylergoline derivate (CQP 201-403 SANDOZ) have been evaluated. Twenty-four otherwise healthy women (21-44 years) with hyperprolactinemia (35-318 micrograms/l) without extrasellar extension of pituitary adenomas took part in a randomized, double-blind study. Fasting prolactin levels measured on day 7 was significantly decreased when compared with day 1 (P less than 0.05) in all CQP groups, to 78% with 0.005 mg daily, to 40% with 0.015 mg daily, and to 27% with 0.025 mg CQP per day for one week. The levels in the control group did not change (96%). The area under the curve of the prolactin day curve (1-8 h after drug administration) decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) at all doses when day 7 was compared with day 1, to 77% with 0.005 mg, to 51% with 0.015 mg, and to 37% with 0.025 mg CQP. No change was seen in the control group (96%). Four patients (one on 0.005 mg, one on 0.015 mg, and two on 0.025 mg) experienced orthostatic hypotension while standing blood pressure was to be measured on the first day of treatment, and they had to lie down. CQP 201-403 lowers prolactin levels in hyperprolactinemic women at all doses employed. The effect was seen after the first dose of treatment, and lasted for at least 24 h. The adverse reactions are few and tolerable, and might be less than with current bromocriptine therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Histomorphometric analysis of normal bone from the iliac crest of Norwegian subjects.

Transiliac bone biopsies were obtained from 72 healthy Norwegians (46 women) aged 21-81 years. Twenty-two men and 40 women were double-labelled with tetracycline. Histomorphometric analysis was done on undecalcified sections by means of point counting and simple measurements in order to establish normal mean values and ranges in a Norwegian population. The data obtained correspond well with those disclosed by other European studies. Osteoid surface was correlated with eroded surface in men but not in women. All bone measurements were independent of age in men. In women, all measured formation indices except apposition rate increased, while mean cortical thickness and cancellous bone volume decreased with age. Surface based bone formation rate also increased with age in women. Mean values for osteoid and labelled surfaces as well as bone formation rate were higher in men. The deviation from other reports may be due to a different age distribution with more older people in the present study.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 on adenylyl cyclase of iliac crest biopsies: diagnostic and prognostic tool for evaluation and treatment of uremic patients.

The bone adenylyl cyclase (AC) complex of iliac crest biopsies of normals, uremic patients and subjects with primary hyperparathyroidism (PrHPT) have been investigated. Bone resorption (RS) in uremic patients appears to be related partly to increased serum parathyroid hormone (s-PTH) levels and to netto PTH-stimulated AC (net PTH-AC) and partly to the uremic condition (as estimated by s-Creatinine) per se. Serum PTH is able to completely desensitize the PTH dependent bone AC in normals in vivo, but only partially in uremic patients. In patients with PrHPT, the bone AC appears to be inert to homologous desensitization. Positive aluminum staining is associated with blunted CT-responsive and low basal AC. In the combined group of normals and uremic patients, net PTH-AC is (as predicted from human in vitro data and the rat model) inversely related to serum 24,25-diOH-D3. Net PTH-AC, when corrected for s-24,25-diOH-D3 levels, correlated well with RS. The described action of 24,25-diOH-D3 presents a clearly defined rationale for the use of 24,25-diOH-D3 concurrently with 1,25-diOH-D3 to treat renal osteodystrophy: By administering 1,25-diOH-D3, s-Ca2+ and s-PTH will normalize and consequently net PTH-AC diminish. 24,25-diOH-D3 is then believed to further reduce net PTH-AC and RS. A concomitant alleviation of the uremic condition would eventually ensure the fastest possible restoration of bone structure and function.

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗
PubMed1985

Rapid effect of prednisolone on serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol levels in hypercalcemic sarcoidosis.

We have studied a hypercalcemic patient with sarcoidosis and advanced renal failure. Bone biopsy and urinary cAMP excretion indicated suppression of parathyroid function. 1,25(OH)2D levels were moderately elevated and dropped to low normal levels during prednisolone treatment. Discontinuation of prednisolone treatment caused deterioration of renal function and hypercalcemia, 1,25(OH)2D serum levels being within the normal range. Our data demonstrate the rapid speed at which prednisolone causes a drop in serum 1,25(OH)2D level. Since hypercalcemia was observed both during periods of hypercalciuria and normal serum 1,25(OH)2D levels, increased sensitivity to active vitamin D seems likely. There was no significant correlation between 25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)2D or 25,26(OH)2D. Furthermore there was no correlation between any of these three metabolites and either 1,25(OH)2D or serum calcium.

Calcitriol↗