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Biomedical subjects

J H Mendelson

Publications and source records attributed to J H Mendelson.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Alcohol effects on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone stimulated luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in ovariectomized female rhesus monkeys.

The effects of acute alcohol administration on anterior pituitary function were studied in five ovariectomized female rhesus monkeys. Integrated plasma samples were collected for 80 min before and 120 min after nasogastric intubation of alcohol (2.5 or 3.5 g/kg) or isocaloric sucrose control solution. Then synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH; 100 micrograms/i.v.) was administered and plasma samples were collected for an additional 180 min. After sucrose control administration, LHRH stimulated a significant increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) within 30 min (P less than .001) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) within 60 min (P less than .01). After alcohol administration, LHRH stimulated LH and FSH also increased significantly (P less than .01) when blood alcohol levels averaged 242 (+/- 26) and 296 (+/- 20) mg/dl. Moreover, there was an alcohol dose-dependent increase in LHRH-stimulated LH (P less than .01, .001) in comparison to control conditions, even though prealcohol and presucrose LH levels were equivalent. LHRH-stimulated FSH was also higher after 3.5 g/kg of alcohol than after 2.5 g/kg of alcohol and sucrose control administration (P less than .001) but base-line FSH levels before 3.5 g/kg of alcohol were also higher than control (P less than .05) or 2.5 g/kg of alcohol (P less than .001). An alcohol related enhancement of LHRH-stimulated LH without concomitant suppression of FSH in ovariectomized females contrasts with data reported previously in normally cycling females studied under identical conditions. The absence of ovarian steroid and/or ovarian peptide negative feedback in ovariectomized females may have permitted the synergistic effect of alcohol and LHRH on LH.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Buprenorphine effects on cigarette smoking.

Cigarette smoking increased during administration of buprenorphine, an opioid mixed agonist-antagonist, in comparison to drug-free baseline in seven heroin addicts maintained on buprenorphine for 24 days (P less than 0.01-0.001). Ascending buprenorphine doses (0.5 - 8.0 mg/day) were associated with significant increases in cigarette smoking at doses of 2.0 mg/day sc and above. Cigarette smoking during 10 days of buprenorphine maintenance at 8 mg/day was significantly higher than during the buprenorphine induction phase (P less than 0.01). Six subjects given placebo buprenorphine over 14 days showed no change in cigarette smoking. The placebo group self-administered heroin for 10 days, and cigarette smoking increased significantly during heroin use (P less than 0.001). The rate of cigarette smoking defined by intercigarette intervals was highest during the 10 days of high-dose buprenorphine maintenance or placebo plus heroin self-administration. Both groups requested significantly more cigarettes at intervals of 0-10, 11-20, and 21-30 min than during the drug-free baseline. These data confirmed previous findings that opioid agonist administration is associated with increased cigarette smoking and suggest that buprenorphine has primarily agonist effects on cigarette smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Acute effects of marihuana on luteinizing hormone in menopausal women.

Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were determined under double blind crossover conditions in 10 healthy menopausal adult females prior to and following smoking of a 1-g marihuana cigarette containing 1.83% delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and a 1-g marihuana placebo cigarette. A significant increase in pulse rate and levels of intoxication occurred after marihuana smoking but not after smoking placebo cigarettes. LH levels determined before administration of marihuana and placebo cigarettes were not significantly different and were within the range of normal values for healthy menopausal women. No significant differences were found between LH levels following marihuana and placebo smoking.

Cannabis↗
PubMed1985

Buprenorphine effects on food-maintained responding in Macaque monkeys.

The effects of acute and chronic administration of buprenorphine, an opioid mixed agonist-antagonist, on food-maintained responding were compared in Macaque monkeys. Low acute doses of buprenorphine (0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg) did not change the number of food pellets earned or response rates on an FR 4 (VR 16:S) schedule of reinforcement from saline pre-treatment levels. Acute administration of 0.10 and 0.30 mg/kg buprenorphine significantly suppressed food-maintained responding (p less than 0.01). Chronic buprenorphine self-administration (0.01-0.10 mg/kg/injection) did not significantly suppress food intake, even at total daily doses that were 3 to 9 times higher than the highest dose (0.03 mg/kg) studied in the acute pre-treatment paradigm. Decreases in daily buprenorphine intake to 30 to 40 percent of control levels were not associated with increased food self-administration. Similarly, chronic heroin self-administration (0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 mg/kg/injection) was not associated with significant changes in food self-administration. These data suggest that during chronic self-administration of buprenorphine. Macaque monkeys developed tolerance to its acute suppressive effects on food-maintained responding.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Alcohol effects on plasma luteinizing hormone levels in menopausal women.

Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were determined in five healthy post-menopausal adult females prior to, during, and following a period of acute alcohol intoxication. LH levels were also determined in the same women following acute administration of a nonalcoholic beverage which had identical isocaloric value of alcohol. Plasma samples were collected at 30-minute intervals from an indwelling intravenous catheter from 120 minutes prior to alcohol or isocaloric beverage administration to 300 minutes following beverage intake. All women became moderately intoxicated after acute alcohol administration and developed peak blood alcohol levels of 94 mg per dl between 60 to 90 minutes following alcohol intake. LH levels determined before administration of alcohol or isocaloric beverage were not significantly different and were within the range of normal values for healthy, post-menopausal women. No significant differences were found between LH levels following alcohol administration when compared with LH values after isocaloric beverage. These data indicate that acute alcohol intake which produces blood alcohol levels slightly below usual legal limits of intoxication does not suppress LH in post-menopausal females. Since post-menopausal females do not have significant estradiol feedback control of LH secretory activity, and since LH secretory activity in post-menopausal women (in contrast to pre-menopausal females) is more sensitive to the inhibitory actions of drugs which may affect adrenergic and dopaminergic pathways in brain, the findings obtained in this study do not support an acute alcohol effect upon hypothalamic-pituitary modulation of gonadotrophin release in humans.

Ethanol↗
PubMed1985

Behavioral pharmacology of buprenorphine.

Buprenorphine is an opioid mixed agonist-antagonist that has potential usefulness as a pharmacotherapy for opiate addiction. Buprenorphine significantly suppressed opiate self-administration by heroin addicts. Buprenorphine also suppressed opiate self-administration in a primate model. Although buprenorphine is a positive reinforcer in rhesus monkey, it is less reinforcing than other opioids and some opioid mixed agonist-antagonists as evaluated in progressive ratio and drug substitution procedures. These data suggest that the abuse liability of buprenorphine should be less than that of other opioid drugs. The safety and potential therapeutic benefits of buprenorphine relative to other currently available pharmacotherapies probably overweigh the possible risks of abuse.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Operant acquisition of marihuana by women.

Marihuana acquisition and use patterns were studied in 21 women on a clinical research ward. Women could earn one 1-g marihuana cigarette or 50 cents in 30 min of performance on a second-order Fixed-Ratio 300 (Fixed-Interval 1 sec:S) schedule of reinforcement. A 7-day drug-free base line was followed by 21 days of marihuana availability and a postmarihuana drug-free period of 7 days. Five heavy marihuana users smoked an average of 6.1 (+/- 1.45) marihuana cigarettes per day and increased marihuana use significantly through time (P less than .001). Seven moderate marihuana users smoked an average of 2.72 (+/- 0.16) marihuana cigarettes per day and used significantly less marihuana through time (P less than .01). Nine occasional marihuana users smoked less than one cigarette per day (0.90 +/- 0.22) and maintained stable patterns of marihuana use. Women who increased marihuana use during the premenstruum reported significantly greater premenstrual dysphoria on the Premenstrual Assessment Form than women whose marihuana use decreased or remained the same (P less than .05 to .01). There were no marihuana dose-related effects on operant performance. The heavy, moderate and occasional marihuana smokers did not differ in operant purchase points earned, hours worked or money earned. Each marihuana dose-group earned an equivalent number of purchase points during the drug-free periods and the period of marihuana availability. Some subjects continued to work for money when smoking 15 to 20 marihuana cigarettes per day and periods of maximal operant work coincided with periods of maximal marihuana smoking (noon-midnight).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Acute effects of marihuana smoking on prolactin levels in human females.

Plasma prolactin levels were determined in 16 healthy adult females before and after marihuana cigarette (1.83% delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and placebo cigarette smoking. All subjects served as their own controls in double blind studies which were carried out on a residential research ward facility. Eight women were studied during the follicular phase and eight women were studied during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Marihuana smoking did not produce any significant changes in plasma prolactin levels during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. However, plasma prolactin levels were significantly lower at 60 to 120 min (P less than .01) and 150 to 180 min (P less than .05) after marihuana smoking during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Marihuana-induced suppression of plasma prolactin levels occurs in women but has not been observed in studies with human males.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Alcohol effects on luteinizing hormone and testosterone in male macaque monkeys.

The effects of alcohol (2.5 and 3.5 g/kg) on luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone were studied in adult male macaque monkeys under both basal and naloxone-stimulated conditions. Integrated plasma samples were collected at 30-min intervals for 90 min before nasogastric intubation of alcohol (2.5 and 3.5 g/kg) or a sucrose control solution, isocalorically equivalent to 2.5 g/kg of alcohol. Under basal (non-naloxone-stimulated) conditions, alcohol (2.5 or 3.5 g/kg) did not change LH levels significantly from prealcohol control levels. When basal testosterone levels were normal (600-1300 ng/dl), alcohol significantly suppressed testosterone levels in a dose-dependent manner. Testosterone levels decreased by 52% (P less than .05) within 30 min after a 3.5 g/kg dose of alcohol. As average blood alcohol levels increased to 400 mg/dl and above, testosterone levels fell monotonically and remained over 70% below base-line levels (P less than .01). After administration of 2.5 g/kg alcohol, testosterone levels were significantly suppressed within 90 min (P less than .05) and remained 52 to 63% below control levels (P less than .02-.05) as average blood alcohol levels increased to 300 mg/dl. However, when basal testosterone levels were abnormally low (100-200 ng/dl), alcohol had no effect on testosterone or LH. Naloxone stimulation was used to circumvent the high incidence of abnormally low testosterone levels observed. Naloxone (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) administration 90 min after alcohol (2.5 and 3.5 g/kg) or sucrose control administration significantly increased LH levels in comparison to base line (P less than .02-.001). LH reached peak values within 60 min after naloxone administration. A significant increase in testosterone (P less than .001) was observed 90 min after naloxone administration as LH levels began to decline. Alcohol (2.5 and 3.5 g/kg) did not attenuate or delay naloxone-stimulated increases in LH and testosterone in comparison to sucrose control conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of acute marijuana smoking on pulse rate and mood states in women.

The effects of marijuana cigarette (1.8% THC) smoking on pulse rate and mood were studied under double-blind placebo-controlled conditions in 28 adult female volunteers during the follicular, luteal, and ovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle. Statistically significant increases in pulse rate, subjective levels of intoxication, and the POMS confusion factor occurred after marijuana smoking. However, no statistically significant differences for any measure were observed following marijuana smoking as a function of menstrual cycle phase. Subjects with a past history of intermittent marijuana use (five or less times weekly) had significantly higher pulse rates, subjective levels of intoxication, and POMS confusion factor scores than did subjects with a past history of regular (six or more times weekly) marijuana use. Persistence of marijuana-induced changes in pulse rate, intoxication, and confusion were also of longer duration for subjects with a past history of intermittent marijuana smoking. The influence of past history of marijuana use on marijuana-induced alterations in pulse rate, intoxication, and mood for females appears to be similar to males. These similarities are not attenuated as a function of the menstrual-cycle phase of females.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Reinforcing properties of oral delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, smoked marijuana, and nabilone: influence of previous marijuana use.

The reinforcing properties of delta 9THC (17.5 mg), a 1 g marijuana cigarette containing 1.83% delta 9-THC, a synthetic cannabis compound (Nabilone 2 mg orally), and their respective placebos were assessed with self-report and operant work-contingent choice procedures. Three groups of eight subjects were selected on the basis of a history of regular, intermittent, or occasional marijuana-smoking behavior. All subjects served as their own controls for each drug condition and studies were carried out under double-blind and "double-dummy" conditions in a controlled, residential research ward. Placebo responding did not vary as a function of history of marijuana use, but the past history of drug use had a significant influence on the reinforcing properties of cannabis compounds as well as the behavioral and physiological effects of these drugs. Regular marijuana users reported a significant increase in elation following marijuana smoking, but this was not associated with a significant increment in pulse rate. Intermittent and occasional marijuana smokers had significant increases in pulse rate, but no significant marijuana-induced elation. Nabilone and delta 9-THC produced a significant increase in pulse rate for all subject groups, but there was no significant increase in elation following ingestion of these compounds. Given a choice between the three drugs and three placebos, 18 of 23 subjects worked to obtain a marijuana cigarette in an operant work choice paradigm. These data indicate that smoked marijuana was significantly more reinforcing than all other cannabis compounds studied, regardless of past drug-use history.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Acute effects of natural and synthetic cannabis compounds on prolactin levels in human males.

Plasma prolactin levels were determined in 23 adult males prior to and following administration of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (17.5 mg orally), a synthetic cannabis compound, Nabilone (2 mg orally), a 1-g marihuana cigarette containing 1.83% THC, smoked under controlled conditions and placebo capsules and cigarettes for each of the active cannabis compounds. In order to control for possible influence of previous cannabis use history on prolactin response, three groups of subjects were studied--regular (daily) marihuana users, intermittent (weekly) marihuana users, and occasional (monthly) marihuana users. Each subject served as his own control for each drug condition. Double blind studies were conducted on a residential research ward. All baseline prolactin values were within the normal range for healthy adult males. There were no statistically significant differences in plasma prolactin levels among the three subject groups prior to administration of THC, Nabilone, marihuana or their respective placebos. There were no statistically significant changes in prolactin levels following TCH, Nabilone or marihuana smoking. Only placebo administration to regular and occasional marihuana users was followed by a significant increase in plasma prolactin levels. These findings indicate that acute administration of cannabis compounds, either orally or via smoking, does not significantly affect plasma prolactin levels in adult human males.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Lack of acute alcohol effects on estradiol and luteinizing hormone in female macaque monkey.

The effects of alcohol (1.5, 2.5, 3.5 g/kg) on 17-beta estradiol and LH were evaluated in adult female Macaque monkeys. Integrated plasma samples were collected prior to and following nasogastric intubation of alcohol or isocaloric sucrose control solutions. Samples were collected at 30 minute intervals over 240 minutes. Each alcohol dose and control was studied at menstruation, the peri-ovulatory and mid-luteal periods and the premenstruum. After low, moderate and high doses of alcohol, blood alcohol levels (BAL) averaged 140, 260 and 344 mg/dl at the peak of the ascending BAL curve. Despite high blood alcohol levels, there was no evidence of alcohol dose-related suppression of LH or 17-beta estradiol at any phase of the menstrual cycle. These data are consistent with our findings in human females that acute alcohol intoxication did not suppress LH or estradiol. The apparent resiliency of human and Macaque females to acute alcohol effects on reproductive hormones contrasts sharply with data obtained in males that alcohol significantly suppresses testosterone in all species studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Marijuana withdrawal syndrome in a woman.

A withdrawal syndrome occurred in a woman after 21 days of marijuana smoking during a controlled study of the effects of marijuana on hormonal function. The abstinence syndrome began 10 hours after cessation of marijuana smoking and lasted 96 hours.

Adult↗