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Biomedical subjects

J H Mendelson

Publications and source records attributed to J H Mendelson.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effects of acute marijuana smoking in post-menopausal women.

Acute effects of marijuana and placebo cigarette smoking on pulse rate and self-estimations of mood and level of intoxication were studied in ten post-menopausal women. Six women had no prior experience with marijuana. Four subjects had a total of seven marijuana smoking experiences, none of which occurred during the past year. Statistically significant increases in pulse rate and level of intoxication followed marijuana but not placebo cigarette smoking. Marijuana smoking also induced a significant increase in symptoms of confusion and a decrease in self-report indices of arousal.

Cannabis↗
PubMed1986

Instrumental analysis of ethanol-induced intoxication in human males.

A study was conducted to assess subjective reports of intoxication during the ascending phase of the plasma ethanol curve. Eighteen male social drinkers were divided into three groups and were given either placebo, 0.347 g/kg ethanol or 0.694 g/kg ethanol under double-blind conditions. Subjects reported levels of intoxication both instrumentally, by moving a joystick device, and verbally using an 11-point self-rating scale. Compared to placebo, ethanol produced significantly higher verbal self-rating scores, but there were no differences in the scores between the low- and high-dose ethanol groups. Instrumental responses of ethanol effects did, however, distinguish between the two ethanol treatments. All subjects who received ethanol reliably detected its effects when plasma ethanol levels reached 32 mg/dl, but only the subjects who received the high dose reported episodes of intense well-being or euphoria. Ethanol-induced euphoria occurred while plasma ethanol levels were rapidly rising, and was characterized by multiple, paroxysmal episodes that typically lasted about 3 min each. This study demonstrated that a continuously available instrumental response provided sensitive and reliable measures of rapidly changing behavioral states associated with ethanol-induced intoxication.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Marijuana smoking as cause of reduction in single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity.

To investigate the effects of chronic marijuana smoking on lung function, pulmonary function tests including single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacities were performed in 15 healthy women who smoked 1.7 +/- 1.4 (mean +/- SD) marijuana cigarettes per day for 235 +/- 135 days per year for a mean of 10.5 +/- 3.7 years. Control groups included 27 nonsmoking and 26 tobacco-smoking women. Results revealed that marijuana smoking with or without tobacco is associated with a reduction in the single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity to 74 +/- 20 percent of predicted, which was significantly different from that in the nonsmoking control subjects (92 +/- 11 percent; p less than 0.05). The subset of subjects who smoked marijuana and tobacco had a further reduction of the single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity to 65 +/- 17 percent, which was significantly different from that in both nonsmoking and smoking control subjects (80 +/- 7 percent). These results suggest that heavy marijuana smoking when added to tobacco smoking may damage the gas exchange surface of the lung.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Alcohol and food self-administration by female Macaque monkeys as a function of menstrual cycle phase.

Female Macaque monkeys were trained to self-administer food (1 g banana pellet) and alcohol (0.12 g/kg/inj IV) in an operant paradigm. Alcohol and food-maintained responding were controlled by a second order schedule of reinforcement FR 4 (VR 16:S) that required an average of 64 responses for delivery of one food pellet or alcohol injection. Alcohol self-administration at average dose levels of 0-1.5, 1.5-3.0, 3.0-4.0 and 4.0 to 5.5 g/kg/day did not vary systematically as a function of menstrual cycle phase in a sample of 30 menstrual cycles. But alcohol self-administration was significantly lower during menstruation (p less than 0.002) in comparison to mid-cycle or the late luteal phase. Monkeys that self-administered high doses of alcohol (3.0-5.5 g/kg/day) also showed stable patterns of food self-administration across the menstrual cycle. Monkeys that self-administered low to moderate doses of alcohol (0-3.0 g/kg/day) showed a consistent decrease in food self-administration at mid-cycle. The implications of these data for hypotheses concerning estrogen modulation of food intake and the influence of the premenstruum on alcohol self-administration are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Use of naltrexone as a provocative test for hypothalamic-pituitary hormone function.

Naltrexone (50 mg) administration to normal adult women during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (day 1 to day 4 following onset of menstruation) induced a significant elevation in plasma LH, prolactin, ACTH and cortisol levels. Orally administered naltrexone appears to be a safe and effective compound for assessing function of the hypothalamic-anterior pituitary axis in women.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1986

EEG alpha activity increases during transient episodes of ethanol-induced euphoria.

The effects of acute ethanol administration were studied in 18 men to determine the electroencephalographic (EEG) correlates of ethanol-induced behavioral changes. Subjects were instructed to operate an instrumental device to indicate changes in their subjective mood state while EEG activity and plasma ethanol levels were continuously measured. Three groups of 6 subjects consumed either placebo, 0.347 g/kg ethanol or 0.695 g/kg ethanol over a 15 min period. EEG and behavioral changes were directly correlated with plasma ethanol levels during the ascending limb of the plasma ethanol curve. Theta EEG activity increased proportionally as plasma ethanol levels increased during the 2 hr recording session. Alpha EEG activity increased during the first hour and then returned to control levels. The increased alpha activity was most prominent when subjects reported feeling intense pleasure or euphoria. Power spectral analysis of discrete samples of EEG activity revealed that transient increases in alpha activity paralleled the onset of ethanol-induced euphoria. These data suggest that ethanol-induced behavioral effects are associated with discrete changes in brain electrical activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Marihuana use across the menstrual cycle.

Thirty women completed marihuana use diaries and Form T of the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) every day for three consecutive menstrual cycles. A 99.1% response rate was obtained: 2715 of a possible 2741 diaries were returned. Women reported smoking an average of 1.4 (+/- 2.0) marihuana cigarettes per day (range for individuals: 7.3 [+/- 3.8] to 0.2 [+/- 0.4]). There was no significant covariance between daily marihuana smoking and menstrual cycle phase. The psychological MDQ factors reflecting negative affect, difficulty in concentration, behavior change and arousal also did not vary with menstrual cycle phase. The physiological MDQ factors of pain, autonomic reactions and water retention were significantly increased during the premenstrual and/or menstrual phases of the cycle. MDQ scores during the premenstruum and menstruation were generally very low. These data indicate that in the absence of severe premenstrual dysphoria, changes in drug use are not systematically related to phase of the menstrual cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Alcoholism and prevalence of medical and psychiatric disorders.

Prevalence of medical disorders was determined for 10,758 consecutive admissions for inpatient alcoholism treatment to 13 hospitals located in eight states of the United States. The majority of patients (approximately 70% of the men and 73% of the women) had a significant medical problem other than alcoholism. The most prevalent disorders were diseases of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas; bronchitis; emphysema; and asthma. Hypertensive disease was found in 15% of the men and 7% of the women. Psychiatric disorders associated with alcoholism were neuroses, personality disorders and other nonpsychotic states. Less than 10% of all patients were referred by physicians; more than 90% had not been previously diagnosed or treated for medical or psychiatric disorders associated with alcoholism. The high prevalence of medical disorders indicates that inpatient treatment of alcoholism should be undertaken in facilities that have expertise and resources for concurrent treatment of serious medical illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Marihuana smoking suppresses luteinizing hormone in women.

Smoking a single 1-g marihuana cigarette containing 1.8% delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol induced a 30% suppression of plasma luteinizing hormone levels (P less than .02) in women during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. After marihuana placebo cigarette smoking, no luteinizing hormone suppression was observed in the same women under double-blind conditions. Marihuana may have adverse effects upon reproductive function during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle as a consequence of gonadotropin inhibition.

Cannabis↗
PubMed1986

Alcohol effects on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-stimulated luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in female rhesus monkeys.

The effects of acute alcohol administration on anterior pituitary function were studied in eight female rhesus monkeys during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Integrated plasma samples were collected for 80 min before and 120 min after nasogastric intubation of alcohol (2.5 or 3.5 g/kg) or isocaloric sucrose control solution. Synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH; 100 micrograms i.v.) was then administered, and plasma samples were collected for an additional 180 min. After sucrose control administration, LHRH stimulated a significant increase in both LH (P less than .001) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (P less than .004) within 30 and 80 min, respectively. After alcohol administration, LHRH-stimulated LH increased significantly (P less than .001) within 15 min when blood alcohol levels averaged 184 ( +/- 14.3) and 276 ( +/- 14.9)mg/dl. However, FSH levels remained equivalent to base line after alcohol and LHRH administration. The prevention by alcohol of LHRH stimulation of FSH during the follicular phase suggests that alcohol may attenuate normal follicular maturation, which in turn could result in luteal phase inadequacy or anovulation, conditions often observed in alcohol-dependent women and in animal models of alcoholism.

Animals↗