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Biomedical subjects

J H Goldstein

Publications and source records attributed to J H Goldstein.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Transverse relaxation of saline and plasma using Mn(II), HSA-EDTA-Mn, and HSA-EDTA-Gd: application to erythrocyte water exchange.

Enhancements of 1H nuclear magnetic transverse relaxation rates by Mn(II)- and Gd(III)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-human serum albumin (HSA) complexes are compared with MnCl2 in human plasma and isotonic saline. HSA-EDTA-Mn and HSA-EDTA-Gd in saline, at physiological concentrations of HSA, afforded T2's comparable to 2 mM MnCl2 in 4% HSA saline. The above reagents are new and potentially useful relaxation agents for the measurement of H2O exchange rates in erythrocyte suspensions. The exchange rate of water across the red cell membrane was determined using these new reagents over the temperature range from 20 to 37 degrees C.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1986

Inferior oblique advancement for "A" pattern esotropia.

The treatment of "A" pattern esotropia includes bilateral weakening of the superior oblique muscles, vertical displacement of the horizontal rectus muscles, bilateral or unilateral, and horizontal displacement of the vertical rectus muscles. The cases presented indicate that bilateral inferior oblique advancement is an effective alternative procedure for the management of large "A" pattern esotropia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Converting an acute care unit into a skilled nursing facility: a methodology.

To combat the problem of excess capacity and to meet the needs of its elder community. Highland Park Hospital (HPH) in Highland Park, Illinois decided to convert an unused acute care unit into a skilled nursing facility (SNF). Detailed here is the methodology used to determine the number of SNF beds needed by HPH, the options for development available, and the factors considered when choosing the type of facility to be designed.

Bed Conversion↗
PubMed1985

Management of large-angle esotropia.

If large-angle esotropia is defined as 80 D or more, and if the surgery induces no limitation of movement or incomitance, there is an excellent likelihood that four-muscle surgery in one operation will result in a residual deviation between 15 D of convergent strabismus and 15 D of divergent strabismus.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Monitoring red blood cell aggregation with nuclear magnetic resonance.

We present a new application of nuclear magnetic resonance to monitor rouleaux formation in static blood suspensions of physiological hematocrit. The method measures the apparent mean residence time of water inside the rouleaux and yields the kinetics and the extent of red cell aggregation in units of cells per aggregate.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of breast disease: use of transverse relaxation times.

The ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MR) to demonstrate breast carcinoma depends upon significantly different relaxation times in benign and malignant tissues. The authors conducted an in vitro study of transverse relaxation times (T2) of 393 breast tissue samples in order to establish a range of values for normal tissue, benign lesions, and carcinoma. All T2 values were multiexponential. Benign lesions were readily distinguished from both invasive and noninvasive carcinoma in samples containing fat or a mixture of fat and fibrous tissue; however, in purely fibrous samples there was some overlap of T2 values in benign and malignant tissues. Although the data acquisition and analysis requirements involved in this in vitro study exceed the capabilities of present whole-body MR imagers, the added understanding gained through efforts of this type may aid both interpretation of current images and future developments.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1983

Diagnosis of an isolated vertical muscle palsy.

The determination of a paretic vertical muscle may be made by prism cover test measurements in the 9 diagnostic positions of gaze or the 3-step test which relies on the Bielschowsky head tilt test. A series of cases with an isolated paretic vertical muscle was used to compare the 2 methods of examination. It was found that 1) the 3-step test (based on the Bielschowsky head tilt test) is non-diagnostic as frequently as fielding out, 2) the 3-step test is much more likely to diagnose an oblique (especially the superior oblique) than any other muscle, 3) there is a statistically significant association between a loger duration of the paresis and the appearance of spread of comitance, and 4) the disagreement between the 3-step test and cardinal gaze measurements which occurs in 18% of cases can not be adequately explained by 'overspread of comitance' to the point where the deviation is maximum in the opposite field of gaze. The measurement of the deviation in the cardinal positions of gaze was felt to more accurately indicate the paretic muscle when the two tests were in conflict.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

In vitro erythrocyte water transport in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: an NMR investigation.

Previous nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of erythrocyte water transport in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) have been extended to include mothers, as well as a larger patient group. The results, reported as values of the mean residence time, tau a, of intracellular water, reveals an experimentally significant decrease in permeability to water in most of the patients and one-half of the mothers examined. It was found that all mothers of patients with normal tau a values also show normal results. This finding suggests that Duchenne muscular dystrophy may exhibit genetic heterogeneity.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1983

Effects of alkyl-lysophospholipids on human leukemic cell lines measured by nuclear magnetic resonance.

Part of the cytotoxic action of alkyl-lysophospholipids (ALP) on leukemic cells is known to result from the lack of an O-alkyl cleavage enzyme and its antimetabolic effect which results in a toxic lysophospholipid buildup. Further, ALP (5 micrograms/ml) suppresses clonogenicity and tritiated thymidine uptake in HL60 cultures after 24 hr of exposure. The effect of ALP on two leukemic cell lines, HL60 and K562, measured by two nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques and examined by electron microscopy is reported. 31P-NMR spectroscopy indicates that the adenosine 5'-triphosphate:adenosine 5'-diphosphate ratios are unaffected after 24 hr, as is mitochondrial morphology, judging by electron micrographs. However, cell membrane integrity in HL60 is altered at that time. The earliest ALP effects occur in NMR internal water relaxation at 1 hr after ALP exposure, followed by a small reduction in tritiated thymidine uptake at 4 hr. No effect is observed in K562 cell cultures in morphology or NMR measurements. No new 31P-labeled metabolites were detected in either cell line as a result of drug treatment.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1983

NMR analyses of the cold cataract. II. Studies on protein solutions.

Water proton relaxation studies were performed on total soluble protein (TSP) solutions and individual alpha-, beta-, and gamma-crystallin fractions derived from weanling rat lenses, 16 month, and 60- to 70-year-old normal human lenses. The effects of perturbants (temperature and acrylamide) were monitored in order to delineate further the mechanisms involved in the generation of the cold cataract phenomenon (in young lenses) and the role of acrylamide and age in preventing this phenomenon. The data demonstrate a relationship between the relative concentration of the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-crystallin fractions within the lens and the cold cataract phenomenon. It is possible that cross-linking between acrylamide and the gamma-crystallins within the lens alters one or more of the intracytoplasmic protein-water phases. The gamma-crystallin solution showed greater than 35% increase in T2 when 1% acrylamide was added; the young TSP solution T2 increased by approximately 20%. However none of the T2 values for the alpha, beta and old TSP solutions changed significantly when acrylamide was added. The unique response of gamma-crystallin in these experiments suggests a significant role for this protein fraction in the phenomenon associated with cold cataractogenesis. Our data indicate that most of the UVA radiation-induced acrylamide binding occurred with the gamma-crystallins within the lens. We have also noted that only the gamma-crystallin and the young lens TSP solutions become opaque at 4 C while the alpha, beta and "old" TSP solutions remain clear at this temperature. It is suggested that acrylamide exerts its role by cross-linking to one or more of the gamma-crystallins, thereby altering the normal protein water relationship and preventing cold opacification.

Acrylamide↗
PubMed1983

Concomitant strabismus as a sign of intracranial disease.

A child with a postoperative residual estropia of 16 diopters was suddenly found to have 75 D of esotropia for distance and 65 D of estropia for near. Full versions were noted that would be inconsistent with sixth nerve palsy. Divergence palsy is characterized by a substantially larger convergent strabismus for distance that, in this case, was only 10 D. One is left with the conclusion that concomitant strabismus may indicate the onset of intracranial disease that, in this case, was caused by an arteriovenous malformation.

Brain Edema↗
PubMed1982

The effect of the cryoprotectants, dimethylsulfoxide and glycerol on water transport in the human red blood cell.

The response of human red blood cells to the cryoprotective agents, DMSO and glycerol, has been investigated using a pulsed NMR method. The experimentally determined parameters are: (1) the intracellular transverse relaxation time, T2a; (2) the mean residence time of intracellular water, tau a, which is effectively a reciprocal measure of the rate of water transport across the red blood cell membrane; and (3) the activation energy for this process. The quantitative data indicate that the observed effects are colligative rather than species-specific in origin.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1982

Effect of needle characteristics in strabismus surgery.

In strabismus surgery, the characteristics of the needle will affect the length and depth of the scleral bite. In comparing the needle curve, it was found that the acute curve will produce a significantly shorter bite but of equal depth when compared with the needle with a shallow curve. In comparing the effect of the point at the needle, it was found that the needle with the point at the bottom of the needle will produce a bite of equal length but significantly deeper when compared with a needle with the point at the top.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of the cold cataract: whole lens studies.

Pulse nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) magnetization decay studies were performed on normal and cold cataractous rat lenses. Computer analyses of the decay curves have been interpreted to reflect two types of water within the lens that do not exchange rapidly. Upon lowering the temperature in the presence and absence of 5% acrylamide (a known agent that prevents the cold cataract phenomenon), significant differences in the relaxation rates of one water fraction were noted. 2H (NMR) spectra on young rabbit and human lenses showed temperature-related linewidth changes, which are significantly diminished in lenses incubated in acrylamide. 31P spectra also showed similar inorganic phosphate linewidth changes and also reflected progressive alterations in the metabolic state of these lenses. These studies demonstrate the potential of NMR methods for monitoring physicochemical parameters in the normal and cataractous mammalian lens.

Acrylamide↗
PubMed1982

Dehiscence of lateral rectus muscle following intrascleral buckling procedure.

A 58-year-old woman underwent two operations within a week for repair of a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in her left eye. The procedure consisted of the placement of an intrascleral buckle between the lateral and inferior rectus muscles and extending as explants under these two muscles. The ocular muscles were not disinserted as part of the surgery. Three and a half months postoperatively the patient had diplopia, marked left esotropia, and exposure of the buckle temporally. When the silicone implant was removed, the lateral rectus muscle was found to have spontaneously disinserted and to have reattached to the globe 9 mm posterior to its normal insertion.

Diplopia↗
PubMed1981

Determining survivals of platelets and fibrinogen using HAP an interactive hemostasis analysis computer program.

An interactive computer program is described which permits computation of platelet survivals based on the gamma function model of Murphy. An additional feature permits the treatment of other labelled proteins, e. g. fibrinogen, disappearing via an exponential process. The program requires no prior computer background [corrected] and typical determinations of survivals can be effected in about five min, representing a substantial enhancement to the gamma function program as currently provided by the International Committee for the Standardization of Hematology. Provision has also been made for modification to meet individual needs. The program is described in sufficient detail, including sample calculations, to permit evaluation for possible complications.

Blood Platelets↗