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Biomedical subjects

J H Drew

Publications and source records attributed to J H Drew.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Respiratory distress in newborn infants: contribution to current mortality.

A review of infants with respiratory distress born at the Mercy Maternity Hospital, Melbourne, during the years from 1975 to 1977 showed that live-born infants totalled 13304; 288 (2.2%) had respiratory distress. Of the 13304 infants, 197 died; 75 (38.1%) were infants with respiratory distress. Hyaline membrane disease was the cause of the respiratory distress in 153 (53.1%) infants; 58 (37.9%) infants with that problem died. Hyaline membrane disease accounted for 58 (77.3%) of the 75 deaths in infants with respiratory distress. Assisted ventilation was required in 147 (51.0%) infants with respiratory distress and chronic complications of its use acceptable as bronchopulmonary dysplasia occurred in only 8.2% and retrolental fibroplasia in only 3.4%; it is suggested that assisted ventilation was commenced too late in 23 (34.0%) infants. Twenty-eight (42.0%) infants with respiratory distress died despite correct usage of assisted ventilation. This number attests to the dangers of prematurity; hence the decision to deliver an infant prematurely should not be taken lightly.

Australia↗
PubMed1981

Antifertility activity of N-protected glycine activated esters.

A series of N-protected glycine activated esters was found to have antifertility activity in mice when administered intravaginally. The N-carbobenzoxyglycine vinyl ester and N-carbobenzoxyglycine 1,2-dibromoethyl ester analogs possessed the best activity in inhibiting pregnancy but were much less active when administered intraperitoneally. The acrosin enzymatic activity of sperm also was inhibited by these N-protected glycine activated esters, as measured by N-alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester and azocasein hydrolysis. The ability to inhibit N-alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester hydrolysis, a trypsin-like activity, appeared to have a positive correlation with antifertility activity when the agents were administered intravaginally.

Acrosin↗
PubMed1980

The complement system of the newborn infant.

Whole complement activity (CH50), and levels of some components of the classical (C1q, C4, C3) and alternative (factor B and properdin) pathways were determined in 55 non-infected and 11 infected newborn infants. Normal newborn infants were lower than adults in all complement measurements; preterm infants being significantly lower than term infants. Complement was not effected by intrauterine growth retardation. Absence of C3 split products indicated that the deficiencies were developmental and not due to activation of the complement system. Complement levels were lower in infected infants and this was due to activation of the complement system as C3 split products were present in 54%. Because of the high incidence of split products in infected infants, incorporating a test to determine their presence may be of benefit in the diagnosis of the presence of infection in newborn infants.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of high-energy feedings on low birthweight infants.

A comparison of the effect of 100.5 kJ/30 mL (24 kcal/30 mL) feedings with that of 84 kJ/30 mL (20 kcal/30 mL) feedings on infants with a birthweight of 1500 g or less was made. No consistent benefits in growth occurred and there was a tendency for an increase in complications in infants fed the 100.5 kJ/30 mL milk. Hence the higher-energy feeding cannot be recommended as the routine feeding for low birthweight infants.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1979

Antifertility and antiproteolytic activity of activated N-carbobenzoxy amino acid esters.

N-Carbobenzoxy L-phenylalanine, glycine, L-leucine, and L-proline derivatives, their vinyl esters, and their 1,2-dibromoethyl esters were tested for antifertility activity in mice. Intraperitoneal administration reduced the pregnancy percentage and the number of fetuses per litter. Intravaginal administration reduced the pregnancy percentage significantly, with N-carbobenzoxyglycine vinly ester, N-carbobenzoxyglycine-1,2-dibromoethyl ester, N-carbobenzoxyl-L-leucine-1,2-dibromoethyl ester, and N-carbobenzoxy-L-proline-1,2-dibromoethyl ester producing 100% inhibition at 10 mg/kg/day. Sperm enzyme hydrolysis of the nonspecific substrate azocasein was inhibited significantly by certain N-carbobenzoxy amino acid esters in vitro. Specific substrate N-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester hydrolysis was also inhibited. Compounds that inhibited N-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester hydrolysis also demonstrated in vivo intravaginal antifertility activity.

Acrosin↗
PubMed1978

Factors influencing jaundice in immigrant Greek infants.

A study of 887 consecutively born immigrant Greek and 220 Anglo-Saxon Australian infants has shown that serum bilirubin concentrations are influenced by these factors: breast feeding, delivery with forceps, gestation, birthweight, sex of the infant, presence of hypoxia, presence of blood group incompatibility, a positive direct Coombs's test, maternal sepis, and administration to the mother of promethazine hydrochloride, reserpine, chloral hydrate, barbiturates, narcotic agents, diazepam, oxytocin, aspirin, and phenytoin sodium. Apart from the administration of promethazine hydrochloride, reserpine, chloral hydrate, and quinalbarbitone sodium, only two factors, breast feeding and delivery by forceps, occured with different frequencies in the immigrant Greek and the Australian infants. Among the Greek infants with jaundice, there were few where the cause of the jaundice was inapparent. The immigrant Greek and Australian newborn populations were therefore remarkably similar. Since differences of frequency and severity of jaundice do exist in infants born in Greece, this difference must be lost when the parents emigrate, and therefore an environmental factor must be incriminated as the causative agent for jaundice of unknown origin in Greece.

Australia↗
PubMed1978

Pulmonary interstitial emphysema requiring lobectomy. Complications of assisted ventilation.

An infant with hyaline membrane disease treated with intermittent positive pressure ventilation developed pulmonary interstitial emphysema localised to one lobe after collapse of the affected lobe. The development of tension and further symptoms necessitated lobectomy, after which the infant became totally asymptomatic. Microscopy of the resected lobe showed the unusual feature of giant cells lining the air-containing cysts. The presence of these multinucleate cells suggested the cysts may have represented greatly dilated lymphatic channels resulting from rupture of gases into the pulmonary lymphatics.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Congenital malformations, abnormal glucose tolerance, and estriol excretion in pregnancy.

Study of 10,454 consecutive newborn infants showed that 4.1% had a major malformation and 6.5% had a minor malformation. The incidence of major fetal malformations was increased in stillborn infants (14.1%), neonatal deaths (36.7%), and dysmature infants (8.6%), and when there was maternal hypoglycemia (5.8%, hyperglycemia (5.8%), or subnormal urinary estriol excretion (9.8%). Minor malformations were associated with fetal dysmaturity (9.7%) and subnormal estriol excretion (8.8%). Abnormalities of maternal glucose tolerance and urinary estriol excretion were associated with specific types of major malformations. These data showed that hypoglycemia was as important as hyperglycemia in the etiology of fetal malformations.

Australia↗
PubMed1977

Incidences and types of malformations in newborn infants.

The incidence of fetal malformations in a teaching hospital was determined by prospective study of 10,454 consecutively born infants. One or more major malformation was detected in 424 (4-1%) and one or more minor malformation was detected in 680 (6-5%). Major malformations were more common in stillborn infants (14-1%), in those who died in the neonatal period (36-7%) and in those who were small for dates (8-6%). Small for dates infants were the only group with a significant increase in the incidence of minor malformations (9-7%). The most common major malformations involved the genital organs (17-8%), limbs (14-2%), heart (11-4%) and central nervous system (10-6%). The most common minor malformations involved the skin, hair and nails (67-3%), limbs (7-7%) and genital organs (5-5%). Small for dates infants should be carefully examined to exclude major and minor malformations.

Australia↗