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Biomedical subjects

J H Cross

Publications and source records attributed to J H Cross.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Nonresolution of an amebic liver abscess after parasitologic cure.

A 43-year-old Filipino male was admitted to a Manila hospital with a 1 month history of epigastric pain and fever, and was found to have a palpable epigastric mass. Computerized tomography revealed a large hepatic abscess which serologically was shown to be amebic. Chemotherapy resulted in clinical cure and an initial reduction in size of the liver abscess. However, resolution of the abscess cavity did not occur, and on closed needle aspiration, 80 cc of characteristic amebic pus was recovered. Parasitological cure without complete repair of the abscess cavity itself raises questions concerning the potential danger of clinically silent residua and the role of therapeutic aspiration in the management of amebic liver abscesses.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Studies on Echinostoma ilocanum in the Philippines.

Echinostoma ilocanum is widespread among the Philippine Islands but only 3% of over 30,000 stools were found to be positive for eggs. The prevalence rates were highest in Ilocana populations of northern Luzon; 11% of over 7,000 stools examined, however, rates as high as 44% were found. Pila luzonica is eaten uncooked by some people and metacercariae from these snails developed into adults in a number of laboratory animals. Rats, mice and hamsters were the most susceptible with patent infections developing as early as 7 days and lasting for 328 days. There seems to be little disease in humans and animals infected with this parasite.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in some Filipino women.

Vaginal specimens obtained from 1,284 hospitality girls and 87 expectant mothers were examined for Trichomonas vaginalis by first examining material collected from vaginal swabs and after incubation in Feinberg and Whittington culture medium. Twenty-four percent of the specimens examined, shortly after the cotton-tip swab was placed into 1 ml culture medium, were positive by direct microscopic examination and 37% positive following 3 to 5 days incubation at 37 degrees C. Only 3 of the specimens from mothers were positive after the first examination and 4 positive after culture. These high prevalence rates are expected among hospitality girls and are the highest rates thus far reported from the Philippines. These results provide convincing evidence of the value of using cultural methods in determining prevalence rates for Trichomonas vaginalis infections in females.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Attempt to culture Wuchereria bancrofti in vitro.

Third-stage larvae of Wuchereria bancrofti recovered from laboratory raised Aedes togoi and Anopheles maculatus fed on a human volunteer were recovered by mass dissection methods and introduced into in vitro culture. LLC-MK2 cells were used as feeder cells, and the culture medium consisted of RPMI-1640 buffered with Hepes and sodium bicarbonate and supplemented with human AB serum. The third-stage larvae molted as early as 12 days and those surviving had all molted by 16 days. The fourth-stage parasites averaged in length from 1.4 mm to a maximum of 1.8 mm. Some larvae remained alive in culture as long as 40 days and while the worms were distorted in fixation, possible primodial cells of a spicule could be visualized in the rectal region. The cuticle also appeared to be separating in the posterior end. Although complete development was not achieved, it seems that with a continuing effort, success could be obtained using this culture system with feeder cells.

Aedes↗
PubMed1986

Leptospirosis in the Philippines.

Leptospirosis was first isolated in the Philippines from one of the human cases of Weil's Disease in 1932 and from then up to 1970 a total of 65 cases were studied sporadically. From 1971 up to 1973 a total of 390 cases were studied out of which 82 (21.02%) were found positive by isolation and serological examination. An outbreak of leptospirosis was followed up from 1976 to 1983 in a penal farm in Sablayan, Mindoro. At the time of the outbreak, 31% of the sera from patients and those with complaints reacted to one or more antigen pools with 40% of these reactors reacting to only one antigen pool. Only one percent of prisoners and residents without complaints reacted to one or more antigen pools, with 80% of these reactors reacting to pool 3 alone. Three and half years later, a first follow-up was done in which 9.07% reacted to one or more pools. Of these, 42% reacted to pool 2 and 82% to pool 3 alone or in combination with other pool. Ninety five percent of those reacting to Pool 2 reacted to L. pyrogenes and 88% of those that reacted to Pool 3 reacted to L. autumnalis. More than three years later after the first follow-up, a second follow up was done. This time 2.29% reacted to one or more pools. Most reacted specifically to L. autumnalis. The residents outside the penal farm were all non-reactive. Sampling from another penal colony and in four agricultural areas revealed no significant reactivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Morphology of adult and sub-adult Wuchereria bancrofti. Differential characteristics among the strains].

The description of the fourth stage larva of W. bancrofti provides an indication of the direction of morphological evolution in the genus showing in particular that W. kalimantani is more highly evolved than W. bancrofti and constitutes a "capture" by Presbytis of the species parasitic in man. No morphological character of adult W. bancrofti distinguishes the geographic origin of the different collections studied. By contrast, the morphological characters of the microfilariae and their biological features are significantly different, but are not inter-correlated. It therefore appears that in the genus Wuchereria, as in the other viviparous filarioids, the phenomenon of speciation is evident first of all in the morphology of the microfilaria, the stage most susceptible to selection pressures.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Autochthonous cutaneous-subcutaneous leishmaniasis on Taiwan.

Leishmaniasis was not considered to be endemic on Taiwan, but during and after World War II a number of cases of kala-azar and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis have been seen. The majority of the cases occurred in soldiers (Japanese and Chinese) who acquired infections on the China mainland. This paper presents the first reports of autochthonous cutaneous-subcutaneous leishmaniasis in 2 native-born aborigine Taiwanese.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Attempts to modify treatment of intestinal capillariasis.

Attempts to reduce the standard treatment of intestinal capillariasis of 200 mg mebendazole twice daily for 20 days were not successful. Two of 13 patients given mebendazole at single daily dosages of 500 mg per day for 16 days relapsed 3 to 6 months after treatment. Attempts to reduce the treatment to 14 days were even less satisfactory in that 4 of 8 patients treated experienced relapses 2 to 9 months later. Since intestinal capillariasis can be fatal it is recommended to continue the use of the standard schedule of 400 mg mebendazole daily for 20 days for new cases and 30 days for relapsed cases until a more effective drug is available.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A comparative clinical study of mefloquine and chloroquine in the treatment of vivax malaria.

Forty-six patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria were evaluated for their clinical and parasitological response to the two single doses of mefloquine in comparison with the standard 3-day treatment with chloroquine. The patients were randomly distributed into 3 groups. Group 1 with 13 patients were treated with a single dose 250 mg mefloquine, Group 2 with 15 patients were treated with a single dose 500 mg mefloquine and Group 3 with 18 cases were treated with the standard 3-day treatment course of 1,500 mg chloroquine. All patients in the three treatment group showed similar parasite, clearance time, fever clearance time and clearance time of signs and symptoms. There were no statistically significant differences between any of the groups. The age and weight, as well as the initial parasite count of the three groups were comparable. This study shows that mefloquine at the dosages used were as effective as the 3-day standard treatment with 1,500 mg chloroquine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

ELISA testing in cases of clinical angiostrongyliasis in Thailand.

The sera from 116 Thais admitted to Nakhon Ratchasima hospital in northeastern Thailand with eosinophilic meningitis were tested for antibodies to Angiostrongylus cantonensis by ELISA. Ninety-six percent of the sera were considered positive with ELISA values exceptionally high for most patients. The clinical aspects of the disease are also presented. The ELISA test is considered to be of value in the diagnosis of the disease but tests for the antigen would provide a more definitive diagnosis.

Angiostrongylus↗
PubMed1985

Cryptosporidiosis in Philippine children.

Cryptosporidiosis, a newly recognized parasitosis of humans is being identified with increased frequency in immunocompromised and more recently in immunocompetent persons with gastroenteritis and or diarrhea. It has been found in the Philippines for the first time in children seen at the San Lazaro Hospital in Manila. A total of 735 stool specimens from adults and children with diarrhea were examined by the Ziehl-Neelson and Kinyoun acid-fast methods and 2.9% of the children 6 to 20 months of age were found passing Cryptosporidium oocysts. This parasitic infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cases of diarrhea in both immunodeficient and immunocompetent persons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Introduced leishmaniasis on Taiwan.

Leishmaniasis is not known to be indigenous to Taiwan but a number of imported cases of visceral as well as post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis have been seen. Only two autochthonous cases of cutaneous-subcutaneous diseases have been documented in aborigines but no cases of visceral leishmaniasis have been reported. Although a significant number of imported cases of leishmaniasis have been seen, the disease has apparently not been established on the island.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

An obstinate case of intestinal capillariasis.

A patient who experienced episodes of intestinal capillariasis caused by Capillaria philippinensis 16 times is presented. The patient was first seen in July 1967 with the parasitosis and was treated with thiabendazole. He experienced a relapse in October 1967. He was readmitted to the hospital again in 1969, twice in 1971, twice in 1972, twice in 1973, once each in 1975, 1976, three times in 1978 and twice in 1979. During this period he was treated with various dosages of thiabendazole, mebendazole and flubendazole. At the final admission he was treated with mebendazole, 600 mg per day for 49 days, 200 mg per day for 30 days and 100 mg daily for 6 months. The patient was cured and had no further relapses in 5 years. The recommended dosage of mebendazole is 200 per day for 20 days for new cases and 30 days for relapses. It is advised to over-treat the infection rather than under-treat because of the problem of relapses. Internal autoinfection occurs and it is believed that the drug acts selectively on the adults and not the larval forms of the parasite.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Comparative study of three blood culture systems for isolation of enteric fever Salmonella.

Eight hundred blood cultures were tested in parallel in three conventional systems: tryptic soy broth containing 0.05% sodium polyanethosulfonate (TSB-SPS), whole blood in bile (BILE-BLOOD), and blood clots in bile (BILE-CLOT). Sixty-eight cultures were Salmonella typhi positive and 29 were positive for S. paratyphi A in at least one of the systems. Analysis of the isolation rates of the 97 Salmonella-positive specimens showed that BILE-BLOOD was significantly more sensitive (p less than 0.05) than either TSB-SPS or BILE-CLOTS, and that the latter two were not significantly different. The time required for positive results was shortest in BLOOD-BILE which was significantly quicker than BILE-CLOTs (p less than 0.05), but not TSB-SPS (p greater than 0.05). Possible explanations for the observed, superior performance of the BILE-BLOOD system are discussed and recommendations for efficient recovery of enteric fever salmonellae from blood are presented.

Bile↗
PubMed1984

HLA antigens and malaria at San Lazaro Hospital Manila, Philippines.

Human leucocyte antigens (HLA) were used as genetic markers in an attempt to determine possible host genetic susceptibility or resistance to malarial infections. HLA-A and B typing on lymphocytes from 68 confirmed P. falciparum and 77 P. vivax cases was compared with that found in 66 control subjects with no known history of malaria. A significant deviation was observed in the distribution of HLA-B27. This phenotype was absent in the P. falciparum group although found present in the P. vivax group (10%) and the control group (11%). Also, the combination of A9(w24) and B5 was significantly higher among the P. falciparum group than that found in the P. vivax and control groups. These findings require confirmation but do suggest the possibility of genetic susceptibility and that extensive genetic studies might be worth investigating.

Disease Susceptibility↗
PubMed1984

Susceptibility of Oncomelania hupensis subspecies to infection with geographic strains of Schistosoma japonicum.

Subspecies of Oncomelania hupensis were exposed to infection with zoophilic and anthropophilic strains of Schistosoma japonicum. The snails were Philippine O. h. quadrasi from the islands of Bohol, Leyte and Mindanao, O. h. formosana from Changhua and Ilan, and O. h. chiui from Taiwan, O. h. hupensis from China, O. h. nosophora from Japan and O. h. lindoensis from Indonesia. Anthropophilic strains of S. japonicum were from Bohol and Leyte in the Philippines, China, Japan and Indonesia. The zoophilic strains were from Changhua and Ilan, Taiwan. All geographic strains of the parasite developed exceptionally well and produced cercariae in 32-50% of O. h. chiui and 5-43% of the natural snail hosts. Development in other subspecies of snails with geographic strains of the parasite were variable. Only a few O. h. formosana (Changhua) could be infected with the parasites from other geographic areas and only one O. h. quadrasi each from Mindanao became infected with the Bohol and Changhua strains of S. japonicum.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Hybridization between Brugia malayi and Brugia pahangi from south Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Hybridization experiments were carried out between sub-periodic Brugia malayi and B. pahangi recovered from cats originating from the same area in South Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia. Five to six week-old immature males and females of both species from Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) intraperitoneal infections were inoculated into the peritoneal cavity of other gerbils. Mating occurred between the species and microfilariae developed into infective third-stage larvae in mosquitoes. Larvae from the mosquitoes developed into adults in the peritoneal cavity of gerbils but microfilariae were not produced since the males were sterile. Back-crossing between hybrids and males and females of the parental species were also done and female hybrids produced microfilariae when crossed with parental males but females from the parental species did not produce microfilariae when mated with the hybrid males. This confirmed that the males were sterile but the females were not. If these species are hybridized in nature and humans are exposed to hybrid third-stage larvae, could this lead to occult filarial infection? These results confirmed previous hybridization experiments of these species orginating from other geographic areas.

Animals↗