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Biomedical subjects

J Gruber

Publications and source records attributed to J Gruber.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Comparison of a modified (two-item) Frisby with the standard Frisby and Random-Dot E stereotests when used with preschool children.

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical value of the standard Frisby stereotest with young children, and the effects of modifying the standard Frisby to a two-item, forced-choice format. A description of the modified test is presented along with data that indicate the standard Frisby and Random-Dot E (RDE) stereotests are appropriate for children as young as age 30 months; both instruments yield similar results; and the modified two-item Frisby extends the applicability of the test to even younger and/or less communicative children.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1985

Differences in the perceptual skills development of young myopes and hyperopes.

The purpose of this study was to compare the visual perceptual skills of young myopes and hyperopes. The case records of over 700 young University of Houston College of Optometry clinic patients revealed significant differences between the two groups (p less than 0.001), suggesting that myopes are, indeed, more analytical than hyperopes. Comparisons are also made with emmetropes. Implications of these data are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

[Results of electromyographic studies with central muscle relaxants--feasibility of objectivization and standardization].

The following drugs, mostly postulated acting at a supraspinal or spinal level as diazepam, chlormezanone and orphenadrine citrate were proved for their effectiveness in lessening tension of muscles. This was assessed by electromyography recording different neurophysiological phenomenons as mono- and polysynaptic reflex responses (H-reflex and unloading reflex as a result of a suddenly muscle relaxation (= post-reflex inhibition phase/silent period) and tiredness reaction. This investigations were performed on at least 65 patients. The outcomes are: statistical significant increase of the silent period of the unloading reflex under the treatment with diazepam and orphenadrine citrate. Diazepam also extended the time between the initial electric stimulus and H-reflex phenomenon. Evaluating these results it might be obvious that diazepam is acting on supraspinal level and the spinal too, orphenadrine citrate only on the supraspinal one. Chlormezanone showed no effect according to that protocol on all mentioned neurophysiological parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Motor proficiency in depressed adolescent inpatients: biochemical and clinical diagnostic correlates.

A pilot investigation was conducted on 25 adolescents, ages 11 to 18 years, admitted to a six-bed psychiatric unit in a university hospital in order to explore relationships among motor proficiency and categories of depressive illness. The investigators endeavored to determine whether (a) depressed adolescents would perform as well as normals on the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency and (b) whether the method of diagnosing major depressive episode (MDE), using DSM-III criteria or the Dexamethasone Suppression Test, was related to motor proficiency. Results indicate that depressed adolescents performed less well on balance, bilateral coordination, upper limb coordination, and response speed than normals. Major depressive episode (MDE) patients, as defined by the Dexamethasone Suppression Test, performed less well than patients with Adjustment Disorder with Depressive Mood. Patients diagnosed as MDE on the basis of DSM-III criteria had motor proficiency scores similar to those of the other patients with depressive mood adjustment disorders. The method of diagnosis is critical if prescribed physical activity therapy is to be effective.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Conformationally restricted retinoids.

A series of conformationally restricted retinoids was synthesized and screened in two assays used to measure the ability of retinoids to control cell differentiation, namely, the reversal of keratinization in tracheal organ culture from vitamin A deficient hamsters and the inhibition of the induction of mouse epidermal ornithine decarboxylase by a tumor promoter. These compounds had bonds corresponding to selected bonds of the E-tetraene chain of retinoic acid (1) held in a planar cisoid conformation by inclusion in an aromatic ring. The meta-substituted analogue 3 of 4-[(E)-2-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexenyl)-1,3-butadienyl+ ++]benzoic acid (2) was far less active than 2 in both assays. In contrast, the vinyl homologue of 2 (4) and the 7,8-dihydro and 7,8-methano analogues (5 and 6) had activity comparable to that of 2. Analogues of 4-[(E)-2-(1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-naphthyl)propenyl] benzoic acid (7) were also screened. Replacement of the tetrahydronaphthalene ring of 7 by a benzonorbornenyl group (9) significantly reduced activity, as did removal of the vinylic methyl group from 9 (10). Replacement of the propenyl group of 9 by a cyclopropane ring (12) also reduced activity. Replacement of the tetrahydronaphthalene ring of 7 by 4,4-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran and -benzothiopyran rings (13 and 14) also decreased activity. Inclusion of the 7,9 double bond system of 1 in an aromatic ring (15 and 16) reduced activity, whereas inclusion of the 5,7 double bond system in an aromatic ring enhanced activity (7 and 19). Inclusion of the 11,13 and 9,11,13 double bond systems in aromatic rings (2 and 18) also reduced activity below that of 1. Retinoic acid, 7, 13, 14, and 19 inhibited papilloma tumor formation in mice. Toxicity testing indicated that 7 was more toxic than 1, 13, 14, and 19, 19 was more toxic than 1, and 13 and 14 were less toxic than 1.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Static retinoscopy results with and without a fogging lens over the non-tested eye.

This study addressed the question: "Should both eyes be fogged during static retinoscopy?" Static retinoscopy measures were taken on young patients. (N = 50; mean age = 9 years, 4 months). Outcomes revealed no differences except with hyperopic patients, where the lack of a fogging lens over the partner eye resulted in a significant underestimate (p less than .001) of the refractive status. This argues against the use of a lens bar for retinoscopy especially in vision screening programs involving young children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Studies on the neurotransmitter binding to pig brain microvessels.

Microvessels from pig brain areas were prepared by differential centrifugation techniques. These fractions were assayed for purity and structural unity by marker enzyme determination, light and electron microscopy. Binding properties of 3H-flunitrazepam were studied in different brain regions. Kinetic studies of 3H-flunitrazepam showed BMax-values of 0,42 +/- 0,3 pmol/mg protein and KD-values of 1,26 +/- 0,6 nM and were compared to a synaptosomal membrane fraction (P2-fraction) with BMax = 2,68 +/- 0,5 pmol/mg protein and a KD of 1,95 +/- 0,3 nM. GABA kinetic studies gave IC50-values of 250 nM in the microvessel fraction and 40 nM in the P2-fraction.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, renal failure, and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema: a chemotherapy-induced syndrome.

Following gastrectomy for locally advanced adenocarcinomas, three patients developed microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and renal failure shortly after completing courses of adjuvant chemotherapy with mitomycin and 5-FU. These complications progressed despite cessation of chemotherapy, and all three patients died of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema precipitated in two cases by blood transfusions. At autopsy, two patients had no residual carcinoma and all had a diffuse microangiopathy involving mainly the kidneys and lungs. There was intimal hyperplasia of many arterioles sometimes associated with complete occlusion of the lumen, prominent nuclear atypia in many capillary cells, and numerous capillary fibrin thrombi. Direct immunofluorescence studies revealed extensive fibrinogen-fibrin deposits in the vascular lesions. Chemotherapy-induced microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and renal failure may predispose patients to fatal episodes of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema that can be triggered by blood transfusions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

The use of thermography in the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of feprazone on rheumatoid arthritis.

By means of the exploration of patients suffering from an active, unequivocal rheumatoid arthritis it was possible to show the unequivocal, and antiinflammatory effect of 4-phenyl-1,2-diphenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione (feprazone, Zepelin). Moreover, it was documented that thermography is a very suitable medium to furnish proof of this effect and can be used to the advantage of the patients in clinical routine. The physiological processes of the production and distribution of heat must be taken into account to avoid false interpretation of thermograms.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

The influence of different modes of immunization on the experimental genital herpes simplex virus infection of mice.

Previous investigations, which simulated the usual sequence of the human Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, had shown that the oral infection of mice with HSV-1 caused only weak protection from genital infection with HSV-2, although the course of infection was attenuated and lethality diminished. This heterologous, heterotopic model was compared with a homologous, heterotopic and a heterologous, homotopic model. The results did not differ very much, although the homologous immunization protected best from lethal outcome, the homotopic immunization best from local infection. Three different preparations of a killed vaccine from purified HSV-1 virion had little effect on the course of the local infection, although protection from lethal outcome was as good as with live virus. In contrast, a crude UV-inactivated vaccine protected nearly completely from local infection. Latent infection in the lumbosacral ganglia was significantly inhibited by immunization with live virus, but only slightly prevented by killed vaccine. The prevalence of latent infection correlated with the extent of vaginal infection. The results show that neither the viral type nor the inoculation site used for immunization with live virus are very critical. Moreover, they allow the conclusion that generalized type-dependent immune factors seem to be engaged in protection against lethal disease; these may be circulating humoral antibodies. On the other hand, locally induced immune factors (probably cellular) are apparently of prime importance for the protection from acute local and latent ganglionic infection.

Animals↗