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Biomedical subjects

J Gough

Publications and source records attributed to J Gough.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Cross-infection by non-encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae.

From October, 1988, to January, 1989, 18 patients admitted to an acute medical chest ward were infected with an ampicillin-resistant beta-lactamase-producing strain of Haemophilus influenzae. All 18 isolates were non-encapsulated strains of biotype III and showed identical cell envelope protein profiles, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The organism was not isolated from repeated environmental samples but there was strong circumstantial evidence that a spirometer was a common iatrogenic source of the cross-infection.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Cystic mucinous tumours of the mesentery and retroperitoneum: report of three cases.

A mucinous cystadenoma of the mesentery and two borderline mucinous cystadenocarcinomas of the mesentery and retroperitoneum are reported. The patients were females, aged 38, 47 and 58 years. The cysts showed identical features to those commonly seen in the appendix and ovary. One of our cases, with 'borderline' histology, developed metastases to mediastinal lymph nodes, 4 years after diagnosis. We suggest that these tumours develop through mucinous metaplasia in pre-existing mesothelium-lined cysts, the latter being the commonest cysts in this location.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Combination chemotherapy including epirubicin for the management of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

One hundred patients with untreated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were entered in a prospective randomized study in South and West Wales designed to assess the value of the anthracycline antibiotic, epirubicin (4'-epidoxorubicin), in their management. Patients with low grade histology and progressive disease were randomized to receive either epirubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (EVP) or cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisolone (CVP). The response rate of 81% in patients receiving EVP with complete remission rate of 52% were similar to a response rate of 88% and complete remission rate of 58% for patients receiving CVP. No difference was observed in survival between the two groups. Patients with high grade lymphoma were randomized to receive either cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (CHOP) or cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (CEOP). The response rate was 71% for CHOP and 84% for CEOP. The complete remission rates were 46% for CHOP and 61% for CEOP. The cardiotoxicity of the two anthracyclines were monitored closely in 45 patients using measurements of systolic time intervals. Patients receiving epirubicin tolerated higher dose per course and higher total cumulative dose with less evidence of compromised left ventricular function than patients receiving doxorubicin. Epirubicin is an effective agent when used in combination chemotherapy in both low grade and high grade lymphoma with less toxicity than doxorubicin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Correlation between clinical and autopsy diagnoses in a community hospital.

Forty-six consecutive autopsies performed in 1 year on patients who died in a 120-bed urban community hospital were analysed with respect to clinical-pathological correlation. The mean age of the patients was 71 years. Errors in clinical diagnosis were assigned to one of four classes: class I, a missed major diagnosis, the detection of which before death would probably have changed management and resulted in longer survival or possible cure; class II, a major missed diagnosis that, if detected before death, would probably not have altered management; and classes III and IV, minor missed diagnoses. Six (13%) class I and 10 (22%) class II errors were found, as well as a number of class III and IV errors. Suggestions are made regarding the use of such data in audit procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Structure and expression of the mRNA for murine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor.

A cDNA containing a virtually complete copy of the mRNA for the haemopoietic growth regulator, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), has been isolated from a murine T lymphocyte cDNA library. When a eukaryotic expression vector with this cDNA coupled to the SV40 late promoter was introduced into simian COS cells, significant quantities of GM-CSF were secreted. Since all of the biological activities previously ascribed to highly purified GM-CSF were exhibited in the COS cell-derived GM-CSF, all of these activities are intrinsic to the product of a single gene. There are two potential translational initiation codons in the GM-CSF mRNA; the first is buried in the stem and the second located in the loop of a very stable hairpin structure. Expression studies using deletion derivatives of the cDNA indicated that the second AUG is able to initiate the translation and secretion of GM-CSF. The amino acid sequence of the leader peptide is rather atypical for a secreted protein and we speculate that molecules which initiate at the first AUG might exist as integral membrane proteins whereas those initiating at the second are secreted.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Long-term efficacy of fenfluramine in treatment of obesity.

42 obese women who lost at least 6 kg after 26 weeks on fenfluramine tablets had their treatment changed to either an equivalent dose of a sustained-release preparation of fenfluramine or matching placebo in double-blind fashion. Of the 21 given placebo all but 2 regained weight over the following year. Of the 21 crossed over to fenfluramine, 8 maintained their weight loss, 7 regained weight, and 6 had to be withdrawn for reasons other than weight gain. Plasma concentrations of fenfluramine and norfenfluramine taken before and 4 weeks after the crossover were similar in both responders and non-responders, but non-responders did not maintain their drug levels for as long as did the responders. Longer controlled administration of fenfluramine will prevent weight regain in some obese women but the hazards of prolonged use remain to be evaluated.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1981

Recombination events near the immunoglobulin Cmu gene join variable and constant region genes, switch heavy-chain expression, or inactivate the locus.

Immunoglobulin heavy-chain expression is initiated by recombination between a variable region (VH) gene and one of several joining region (JH) genes located near the mu constant region (Cmu) gene, and the active VH gene can subsequently switch to another CH gene. That the general mechanism for CH switching involves recombination between sites within the JH-Cmu intervening sequence and the 5' flanking region of another CH gene is supported here by Southern blot hybridization analysis of eight IgG- and IgA-secreting plasmacytomas. An alternative model requiring successive VH linkage to similar JH clusters near each CH gene is shown to be very unlikely since the mouse genome appears to contain only one complement of the JH locus and no JH gene was detectable within large cloned sequences flanking germline C gamma 3 and C gamma 1 genes. Thus, VH-JH joining and CH switching are mediated by separate regions of "the joining-switch" or J-S element. In each plasmacytoma examined, the J-S element had undergone recombination within both the JH locus and the switch region and was shown to be linked to the functional CH gene in an IgG3, and IgG1, and three IgA secretors. Both JH joining and CH switching occurred by deletion of DNA. Switch recombination occurred at more than one site within the J-S element in different lines, even for recombination with the same CH gene. Significantly, although heavy-chain expression is restricted to one allele ("allelic exclusion"), all rearranged in each plasmacytoma. Some rearrangements were aberrant, involving, for example, deletion of all JH genes from the allele. Hence, an error-prone recombination machinery may account for allelic exclusion in many plasmacytomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Rapidly fatal respiratory failure and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy: possible contributions of immunoblastic leukaemia, chemotherapy, and multiple antibodies directed against mature blood cells.

A patient with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, immunoblastic leukaemia, pulmonary immunoblastic infiltration, and multiple antihaemocytic antibodies in his serum deteriorated rapidly after chemotherapy due to severe progressive respiratory of dysfunction. The haematological and immunological changes that accompanied this are described and discussed in the light of the pulmonary changes observed at necropsy of pulmonary oedema, fibrinous thrombi within venules, and immunoblastic infiltration of these thrombi and the venule walls. A pathophysiological mechanism is postulated in an attempt to rationalise these findings, and to act as a guide for the future assessment and management of similar cases.

Blood Cells↗
PubMed1978

An assessment of laparotomy in the management of patients with Hodgkin's disease.

Planned laparotomy and splenectomy has been a safe investigation for sixty patients with clinical Stage I, II or III Hodgkin's disease. Twenty-four of the 60 patients (40%) changed stage and 18 patients had their treatment altered as a consequence of the procedure. Forty-three per cent of patients without a palpably enlarged spleen had unsuspected disease when the organ was examined pathologically, although a false positive spleen was uncommon. Eight of 55 patients (14.5%) had intra-abdominal disease which was not detected by lymphangiography. Intra-abdominal disease occurred with all histological sub-types and was found in two patients who had clinical Stage I disease and lymphocyte predominance in their node histology. Sarcoid-like granulomata were found in ten patients, seven in the spleen, one in the liver and spleen, one in the skin and one in the original node biopsy. In the majority of patients, granulomata were associated with nodular sclerosing or mixed cellular histology. In all ten patients the Hodgkin's disease was suppressed by appropriate chemotherapy and disease has not recurred. No patient has shown any clinical evidence of sarcoidosis and the Kveim test done in three patients was negative. Our experience encourages us to recommend staging laparotomy for all adult patients with Hodgkin's disease which does not show obvious generalized spread beyond lymph nodes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Stimulation of autologous blood lymphocytes by malignant lymphoma cells and homogenates.

The blastogenic response to autologous blood lymphocytes to whole-cell suspensions and to homogenates obtained from malignant lymphoma tissue has been investigated. Spleens were obtained from patients in whom laparotomy was performed for staging of malignant lymphoma. Cell suspensions prepared from tumour nodules were treated with mitomycin C and allowed to react with separated autologous blood lymphocytes for 6 days. Lymphocyte stimulation was measured by liquid scintillation counting after exposure to 3H-TdR. Cultures were also prepared in which autologous lymphocytes were treated with spleen tumour homogenate. Control experiments used spleens from staging procedures in which no tumour deposits were present, and normal spleens removed incidentally during other operations. In the controls, the uptake of TdR was never more than twice that of unstimulated lymphocytes. Greater degrees of lymphocyte stimulation were seen in 6 out of 14 patients, using whole tumour cells, and in 7 out of 16 patients, using tumour homogenates. The results indicate an antigenic difference between tumour and host cells, and suggest that lymphocytes can react to a tumour-associated antigen.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

Primary myxoma of the aorta.

A case of primary myxoma of the aorta is described in a 62-year-old woman. The patient died following surgery in which a teflon graft was inserted to bypass the tumour which had caused partial obstruction of the ascending aorta. The tumour was limited to the subintima and had not metastasized.

Aortic Diseases↗