We have attend operatively exstirpated tissue of intervertebral disks to solution with 250.000 I. E. and 500.000 I.E. aprotinin. After preparation and colouring of the tissue we examinate by microscope. We couldn't find out neither a macroscopic nor microscopic evident effect of chemonucleolysis of aprotinin. Our opinion is, that an application of aprotinin to reduction of intradiscal pressure or to chemonucleolysis isn't effectively.

Aprotinin↗

PubMed1989

[The immunohistochemistry of pituitary adenomas].

A great deal of progress has been achieved in recent years in the field of immunohistochemistry of pituitary adenoma. Continued use of more new antisera and monoclonal antibodies against numerous hormones in the adenohypophysis have resulted in new approaches to classification of pituitary adenoma. However, new problems have been discovered, on the other hand, by large-scale studies in recent years. The great number of multihormonal pituitary adenomas and possible change of the immunohistochemically detectable hormone status in cases of recurrent tumours have particularly re-emphasised the need for new thinking about patterns of classification. It would appear somewhat problematic, in this context, to uncritically accept terms, such as ACTH cellular adenoma or GH cellular adenoma. Reference is also made to the distribution pattern of cell and tissue markers in pituitary adenomas. The paper is based on thorough literature screening as well as on experience obtained by the authors from 450 cases of pituitary adenoma of which 260 had been analysed by immunohistochemistry, 131 by morphometry, and 80 by electron microscopy.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1989

[Endocrine cancer of the uterine cervix].

There is reported about a woman with endocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The histologic growth pattern and clinical course have been described. Because of the poor prognosis of the endocrine carcinoma in the uterine cervix when compared with adenocarcinoma of the cervix or carcinoid tumors of other localization, this report emphasizes the importance of correct diagnosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Teratogenetic maternofoetal transmission and prevention of diabetes susceptibility.

Gestational diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy were found to be important teratogenetic risk factors for the development of diabetes in the offspring. Mechanisms of action and prevention of maternofetal transmission of teratogenetic susceptibility to diabetes are presented. Gestational diabetes induced in the F0 generation produced the following effects in the F1 and/or F2 generation: Early postnatal hyperinsulinaemia, decreased noradrenaline and serotonin and increased endorphin concentrations in specific brain regions, permanent hypoplasia of the hypothalamic ventromedial nuclei, decreased insulin responsiveness to glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and increased diabetes susceptibility.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Alterations of melatonin secretion in atopic eczema.

The circadian rhythm of melatonin secretion of the pineal gland can be disturbed in a variety of clinical conditions and diseases including some psychic disorders. To study the rhythmic behaviour of melatonin secretion in atopic eczema (AE), melatonin serum levels were measured every 2 h, starting at 8 a.m. in 18 patients suffering from severe AE. In 6 patients exhibiting low serum levels of melatonin, the circadian melatonin rhythm was found to be abolished. In 8 patients a diminished nocturnal melatonin increase was observed compared with the controls (n = 40). Only 4 patients showed a normal secretion pattern of melatonin. The results provide some evidence of a dysfunction of the pineal gland in AE, possibly due to a partially reduced activity of the sympathetic nervous system being involved in the control of melatonin secretion.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

[Immunohistochemical detection of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) in neuroendocrine tumors].

We examined formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tumors (42) from autopsies and surgical specimens for the presence of human pancreatic GRF-40 using the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method to assess the prevalence of tumors containing GRF, to define their primary sites and cellular derivations, and to correlate clinical and pathological features. Two paragangliomas, 1 pancreatic endocrine tumor, 1 bronchial carcinoid and 1 ganglioneuroma were immunoreactive for GRF. Of the GRF-containing tumors, only one bronchial carcinoid and one paraganglioma were associated with acromegaly.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic↗

PubMed1988

Retroperitoneal embryonal carcinoma/yolk sac tumor. A case report and a review of the histogenesis.

A case of 26-year old man, with a large primary retroperitoneal tumor which showed the pattern of embryonal carcinoma as well as yolk sac tumor, is reported. The disease ran an aggressive course and led to death within 8 months from the onset of clinical symptoms. Characteristic histological and ultrastructural patterns with Schiller-Duval bodies and adenocarcinomatous differentiation were accompanied by diffuse expression of alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin expression in isolated cells, as well. The histogenesis of the tumor may be interpreted in terms of the reflection of the very early stages of the embryonal development rather than by the totipotent-neoplastic-germ-cell approach.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

[Significance of immunohistochemistry in neuro-oncology. V. Keratin as a marker for epithelial differentiation of primary and secondary intracranial and intraspinal tumors].

Intermediate filament keratin is regarded as a good marker for epithelial and mesothelial tumors. In the intracranial and intraspinal spaces keratin has been demonstrated only in the endocrine cells of the adenohypophysis, squamous epithelial islands in the pars tuberalis of the hypophysis and in the choroid plexus epithelium. Since gliomas and meningiomas do not express keratin, this marker provides an additional help for differentiating between primary and secondary CNS tumors. Indirect immunofluorescence using an anti-keratin serum was used in a retrospective search for keratin in 80 tumors of the cranium and intraspinal space. Of the primary CNS tumors keratin positivity occurred in craniopharyngiomas, epidermoid tumors, pituitary adenomas, chordomas, a plexus papilloma as well as in the majority of germ cell tumors. Only 3 renal cell carcinoma metastases of 21 metastatic epithelial cell tumors (7 bronchial carcinomas, 6 breast cancers, 6 renal carcinomas, 1 rectum carcinoma, 1 cervix carcinoma) were keratin-negative. Similar findings were made in two melanoma metastases which we examined, whereas in a seminoma metastasis a few keratin expressing cells were found. Primary CNS tumors such as myxopapillary ependymomas, medulloepitheliomas, malignant meningiomas and paragangliomas which are often difficult to distinguish from these metastases proved to be keratin negative.

Brain Neoplasms↗

PubMed1987

[Endocrine tumors of the hepatobiliary system. Case report and review of the literature].

Immunohistochemical findings are reported from an endocrinologically active tumor of the liver hilus in a 39 year old woman. Clinical findings were dominated by difficult to control hypokalemia, cholelithiasis and mild hypoglycemia. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated somatostatin, beta-HCG and neuron-specific enolase in the tumor cells. No further tumor was found at autopsy. Review of the literature relating to the previously reported tumors of the hepatobiliary system demonstrates great variability in these neoplasms with respect to histologic structure, staining characteristics, ultrastructure, results of immunohistochemical studies and clinical manifestations.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

[Significance of immunohistochemistry for neuro-oncology. VI. Occurrence, localization and distribution of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) in 820 tumors].

In a retrospective study 820 tumors were immunohistochemically examined with anti-GFAP. All 224 astrocytomas and 105 of 112 glioblastomas were, at least focally, positive. 72% of ependymomas and 64% of oligodendrogliomas contained tumor cells which expressed GFAP. In such entities the reaction is dependent on the histologic subtype. Only 26 of 114 medulloblastomas (22.8%) demonstrated scattered GFAP positive cells. GFAP was also demonstrated in the CNS in gangliogliomas, monstrocellular sarcomas, 3 of 6 PNET, one non-classifiable tumor in a child, 1 plexus papilloma, in scattered stromal cells in 15 of 26 hemangioblastomas as well as in the mature glial component of intracranial germ cell tumors. Outside of the CNS there was evidence of GFAP in 3 cases with nasal glial heterotopy and in the myxoidal part of a pleomorphic salivary gland adenoma. Neoplasms which proved negative to GFAP in our series included purely neural differentiated tumors meningioma, neurolemmomas, chordomas, paragangliomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, melanomas and carcinoma metastases. Separating GFAP-positive reactive astrocytes from the actual tumor cells has proved to be a problem in the routine use of GFAP in differential diagnosis. Absence of an immunohistochemical response does not exclude a tumor of glial origin. Tissue samples which are too small, particularly in the case of anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas can give false negative results.

Astrocytoma↗

PubMed1987

[Light microscopic studies of concanavalin A binding in the choroid plexus epithelium and ependymal cells of the cerebral ventricle and human tumors derived from those tissues].

Histochemical investigations of human choroid plexus with lectins revealed strong cytoplasmic binding of concanavalin A to plexus epithelium, whereas ependymal cells were unstained or only weakly reactive. A similar but less clear-cut staining pattern by concanavalin A was observed with plexus papillomas and ependymomas. A clear discrimination however, between the two tumor types using this method is not possible.

Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms↗

PubMed1986

[Importance of immunohistochemistry for neuro-oncology. II. Localization of factor VIII-associated proteins and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in angiomatous and sarcomatous tumors].

Immunhistochemical methods utilizing specific antibodies against Factor VIII-related antigen and glial fibrillary acidic protein were employed in studies of 48 intracranial and intraspinal tumors. Factor VIII-related antigen occurred only in endothelial cells of the vascular wall and is therefore not of importance for the differential diagnosis of CNS tumors. Isolated Factor VIII positive cells in the stroma of hemangioblastomas turned out to be mast cells which may also normally contain this substance. The GFAP positive cells in hemangioblastomas are believed to all be of astrocytic lineage. Many of the multinuclear giant cells present in monstrocellular sarcomas contained GFAP but were Factor VIII negative. Genuine fibroxanthoma of the meninges can apparently exist next to pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas. As demonstrated by one of our cases, the demonstration of GFAP alone can successfully distinguish between them.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗

PubMed1986

Pancreatic endocrine tumours: histological, immuncytochemical and electronmicroscopical investigations.

Fifteen endocrine pancreatic tumours (8 insulinomas, 3 gastrinomas, 1 vipoma, 3 tumours without hormonal activity) and two cases with dysplasia of the endocrine pancreas are reported. Immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopical investigations produced evidence of multihormonality in adenomas that clinically appeared to be monohormonal. The S-phase fraction of such tumours is below 1% which indicates their low proliferative potential. The malignancy of endocrine pancreatic tumours cannot be seen from cytochemical or histological symptoms; it can be established with certainty only from the presence of metastases. Multiple endocrine adenomas should suggest the possibility of hereditary endocrine polyadenomatosis. Hyperplasia and distribution disorder of the endocrine tissue as well as pathologically increased nesidioblastic activity represent the morphologic substrate of dysplasia of the endocrine pancreas as a potential cause of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in infancy.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗

PubMed1986

[Importance of immunohistochemistry for neuro-oncology. IV. Distribution model of beta human chorionic gonadotropins in intracranial germ cell tumors].

beta-Human choriogonadotropic hormone (beta-HCG) is considered a good marker for trophoblastic differentiation of germ cell tumors. 34 primary intracranial germ cell tumors (15 germinomas, 6 mature teratomas, 1 embryonal carcinoma, 2 endodermal sinus tumors and 10 mixed germ cell tumors) were immunohistochemically evaluated for the presence of beta-HCG positive cells. In 8 of 15 germinomas and 6 of 10 mixed germ cell tumors beta-HCG cells were demonstrable. In the germinomas such cells included both syncytiotrophoblastic and mononuclear cells which histologically did not correspond to the cytotrophoblast. In one case the patient had exhibited a precocious puberty. Of the 6 beta-HCG positive mixed germ cell tumors, two contained elements of choriocarcinoma. In the cytotrophoblasts of the choriocarcinoma regions, beta-HCG was only sparsely demonstrable. Both of these patients had manifest precocious puberty clinically. The advantage of immunohistochemical demonstration of the beta-HCG compared to conventional histology is in the definite identification of trophoblastic differentiation, in particular the exact recognition of the choriocarcinoma segments, which can be critical for the prognosis. Demonstration of isolated syncytiotrophoblasts and beta-HCG positive mononuclear cells in the seminomas is of no prognostic significance and is primarily of theoretical interest.

Adolescent↗