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Biomedical subjects

J Gonzalez

Publications and source records attributed to J Gonzalez.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Reversible cholestasis induced by bromosulfophthalein in rabbits with enterohepatic circulation of bile acids maintained.

The effects of a constant infusion of bromosulfophthalein (BSP) at a rate exceeding its maximum excretory transport (Tm) on biliary secretion were investigated in anaesthetized rabbits with the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids (EHC) maintained by bile administration into the duodenum. BSP infusion resulted in a significant cholestasis coursing with decreases in the biliary output of sodium, bicarbonate and chloride. The Tm for total BSP was greater than that described in this species with the EHC interrupted but smaller than that noted after intravenous administration of bile acids. It is proposed that the cholestatic effect of BSP may be mainly due to a reduction of the bile acid-independent fraction of bile flow owing to the acute toxic effect of unconjugated BSP on the hepatic ATPase involved in the formation of this bile fraction. Possible explanations for the Tm values and other aspects of BSP metabolism and biliary excretion in the rabbit are discussed.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1987

Effect of chronic ethanol feeding on glutathione and glutathione-related enzyme activities in rat liver.

The effects of chronic ethanol consumption on liver glutathione concentrations and glutathione-related enzyme activities were studied in rats over a period of 1-9 weeks. The animals received a liquid diet containing 36% of calories as ethanol or isocaloric carbohydrate. Glutathione concentrations were significantly enhanced following ethanol intake with increases of 99% after 3 weeks and a progressive decrease thereafter. Glutathione S-transferase activity reached a maximum increase of 36% after 2 weeks of ethanol feeding. Glutathione peroxidase activity remained unchanged for the first 6 weeks of treatment, with a tendency to decrease in the last weeks of ethanol consumption. Our findings indicate that chronic ethanol administration profoundly modifies the hepatic metabolism of glutathione and may thus have important effects on the detoxification of xenobiotics by the liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to a new macrolide antibiotic: RU-28965.

The in vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to a new macrolide antibiotic RU-28965, alone and in combination with rifampicin or isoniazid, was studied by the agar dilution method. At a concentration of 4 mg/l, or lower, of RU-28965, 90% of the strains were inhibited. A synergistic effect with both rifampicin and with isoniazid was demonstrated.

Antibiotics, Antitubercular↗
PubMed1987

Significance of urinary extravasation during renal colic.

To establish the clinical significance of renal colic associated with extravasation of contrast material, the authors reviewed 158 consecutive patients who presented with renal colic-like symptoms at the William Beaumont Hospital Emergency Center over a four-month period. Forty-three patients were eliminated either because excretory urography was not performed or IVU did not show obstruction. Of the remaining 115 patients with "obstructive" IVUs, 21 (18 men, 3 women) or 18.3 per cent, were associated with contrast media extravasation of varying degrees. Patients with extravasation were compared with patients without extravasation by cross matching as to age, gender, and time of presentation. Extravasation patients demonstrated significantly less hydronephrosis, had smaller stones (1-5 mm) usually located at the ureterovesical junction, tended to pass their stones spontaneously, and required less hospitalization and one-third the number of manipulative procedures. There was no incidence of sepsis. The significance and future research implications of these findings are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Amikacin alone and in combination with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of actinomycotic mycetoma.

We report the excellent therapeutic response obtained with amikacin alone and in combination with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of 15 patients with actinomycotic mycetoma who had a poor response to the traditional pharmacologic agents and/or in whom important organs such as lungs, spinal cord, and bone were involved. We evaluated the results by clinical, radiologic, and laboratory tests. No important side effects were detected during or after the therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Self-treatment with antibiotics.

Two hundred seventy patients who presented with symptoms assumed to be infectious in origin were evaluated for self-treatment with antibiotics. Urine was tested for the presence of antimicrobials by agar diffusion assay using Bacillus subtilis as the test organism. Seventeen patients (6%) were found to have antibiotic activity in their urine, but only five admitted to self-medication. Age, sex, and duration of symptoms were unrelated to the incidence of self-medication. Self-medication was seen more frequently in patients presenting with upper respiratory infection symptoms (12%) when compared to other symptom complexes (P less than .002). This study suggests that self-medication with antibiotics can be an important problem in patients who present to emergency departments, as this practice could have an impact on clinical diagnosis and bacterial cultures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Behçet's disease and pregnancy].

A patient 34 years old, who was diagnosed of Behcet's disease during the third quarter of her pregnancy, is presented here. She was admitted to hospital because a large painful genital ulcer. The treatment with low doses of systemic steroids and steroid ointments allowed us the disease control and the fetal maturing. The fetus was removed by caesarean operation in the 39 week of pregnancy, without complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Enhancement of biliary phospholipid secretion by diethyl maleate administration in the rabbit.

The effect of diethyl maleate administration on biliary phospholipid secretion was studied in male New Zealand rabbits. Bile flow was significantly enhanced during the first 40 min following i.p. injection of diethyl maleate at 3.2 mmol/kg body wt., after which it decreased progressively to values half those of the controls at 2 h of injection of the chemical. Bile acid secretion was not significantly modified during choleresis but was significantly reduced from 60 min of diethyl maleate administration onwards. A significant increase in biliary phospholipid secretion parallel to that occurring in bile flow was observed in diethyl maleate-treated rabbits. Our data confirm the uncoupling previously described for the rat between bile acid and phospholipid secretion into bile during diethyl maleate-induced choleresis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Changes in biliary secretion and lactate metabolism induced by diethyl maleate in rabbits.

Diethyl maleate is a compound which binds with glutathione by means of a glutathione S-transferase and is excreted into bile leading to a rapid depletion of hepatic glutathione. In the rabbit, the activity of the enzyme is fairly low and we were thus prompted to study the possible effects of diethyl maleate on biliary secretion and metabolic status in this species. The administration of diethyl maleate induced a transient choleresis followed by cholestasis. The choleresis coursed with increases in the biliary output of sodium and unaccounted anions, whereas those of chloride, bicarbonate and bile acids were unaffected. Our data seem to confirm that choleresis is due to the osmotic activity of diethyl maleate compounds excreted into bile, as has been reported in rats and dogs. The cholestasis observed coursed with falls in the outputs of sodium, chloride and bicarbonate though that of bile acids remained constant. Following diethyl maleate administration, a metabolic acidosis appeared with progressive increases of blood lactate concentration. In bile the concentration of this anion closely followed that of plasma. The cholestasis is attributed to a lowered biliary secretion of bicarbonate probably secondary to the metabolic alteration. The hepatic values of cytoplasmatic and mitochondrial NADH/NAD ratios and of adenine nucleotide concentrations suggest that the increase in blood lactate results rather from a fall in its hepatic utilization that from an increase in its production.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1986

Short-term stimulation by adenosine of basal and insulin-induced glycogen synthesis in rat adipose tissue.

The effects of adenosine on glycogen metabolism have been studied in isolated fat-pads from epididymal adipose tissue. Adenosine caused a sustained short-term increase in the incorporation of [U-14C]glucose into glycogen, as well as a stimulation of both basal and insulin-induced [1-14C]glucose oxidation. Adenosine produced changes also in the activity of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase, these effects being apparent only when glucose was present in the incubation medium. The addition of adenosine prevented the depressed synthesis of glycogen observed in the presence of dibutyryl cyclic AMP. In the presence of adenosine deaminase, the stimulation by insulin of glycogen synthesis was markedly decreased. The results suggest that adenosine may have a regulatory role on glycogen synthesis by facilitating the glucose transport.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1986

The development and evaluation of a thermally-desorbable miniature passive dosimeter for the monitoring of organic vapors.

A thermally desorbable passive dosimeter for organic vapors has been developed in conformity with theoretical and practical aspects of passive dosimeter design. The device was optimized for low sample loadings which result from short-term and/or low concentration level exposure. Laboratory evaluation of this device for factors critical to the performance of passive dosimeters included the following: desorption efficiency, capacity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision, concentration level, environmental conditions (e.g., air face velocity, relative humidity) and sample stability during short and long periods of time. This device has been shown to operate in accordance with theoretically predicted performance and should be adequate for short-term exposure limits and/or low concentration monitoring of organic vapors in the workplace.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1986

Production of monoclonal antibodies to metacyclic trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi.

Monoclonal antibodies were produced and characterized to the metacyclic trypomastigotes stage of Trypanosoma cruzi. All the monoclonal antibodies (GR-12C/5; GR-P2B/5; GR-F2B/1; GR-J2C/6; GR-E6B/3; GR-A5B/5) also recognized antigens of epimastigotes of T. cruzi. These antigens are associated with the plasma membrane, flagellum, and an intracellular structure located by the nucleus. Immunoprecipitation using the monoclonal antibodies GR-J2C/6 and GR-E6B/3 followed by SDS-PAGE analysis has led to the following results: GR-J2C/6 precipitated two molecules with apparent molecular weights of 58 and 60 kD; the antigen recognized by GR-E6B/3 was a molecule with molecular weight of 68 kD. Only two of the monoclonal antibodies (GR-12C/5 and GR-P2B/5) recognized antigens of promastigotes of both Leishmania mexicana and L. infantum, and are associated with the plasma membrane.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

The ring fixation of T tubes.

By using a rubber ring for the attachment of the T tube to the abdominal wall, a secure approximation can be achieved. Slippage of the tube, which occurs when the T tube is tied directly with the suture material, can be eliminated. Stricture of the T tube can also be prevented. We have found this method to be successful and accidental dislodgement has not occurred.

Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1986

Effect of diethyl maleate pretreatment on biliary excretion and choleretic action of sulfobromophthalein in rats.

The effect of intraperitoneal administration of diethyl maleate on biliary excretion and choleretic action of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) was investigated in rats. Diethyl maleate was injected 60 min prior to the administration of the dye to avoid interferences with the organic anion transport system. The glutathione content of the liver was decreased by 75% following diethyl maleate treatment. Diethyl maleate had no influence on the biliary excretion of BSP after injection of its conjugate with glutathione, though there was a significant reduction after free BSP administration, with a lowered percentage of the conjugate in bile. The choleretic effect of the dye was not changed after conjugated BSP, but a marked cholestasis appeared following free BSP injection. These results confirm that diethyl maleate decreases the hepatic transport of BSP by reducing the conjugation of the dye and that free BSP induces an inhibitory effect on bile flow.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Efficacy and safety of esmolol vs propranolol in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: a multicenter double-blind clinical trial.

The efficacy and safety of intravenous esmolol infusion was compared to that of intravenous propranolol injection in patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (SVT) in a multicenter double-blind parallel study. A total of 127 patients were randomized to either the esmolol (n = 64) or propranolol (n = 63) group. Therapeutic response was achieved in 72% of esmolol and 69% of propranolol patients (p = NS). The average dose of esmolol in responders was 115 +/- 11 micrograms/kg/min. Therapeutic response was sustained in the 4-hour maintenance period in 67% of esmolol and 58% of propranolol patients (p = NS). Rate of conversion to normal sinus rhythm was similar in the two treatment groups. After discontinuation, rapid recovery from beta blockade (decrease in heart rate reduction) was observed in esmolol patients (within 10 minutes) compared to propranolol patients (no change in heart rate up to 4.3 hours). The principal adverse effect was hypotension, reported in 23 esmolol (asymptomatic in 19) and four propranolol (asymptomatic in three) patients. In the majority of esmolol patients, hypotension resolved quickly (within 30 minutes) after esmolol was discontinued. It was concluded that esmolol was comparable in efficacy and safety to propranolol in the treatment of patients with SVT. Unlike propranolol, because of the short half-life of esmolol, rapid control of beta blockade is possible with esmolol in clinical conditions when required.

Acute Disease↗