Biomedical subjects

J Gonzales

Publications and source records attributed to J Gonzales.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

The association between human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid status and the results of cytologic rescreening tests in young, sexually active women.

We examined the utility of cytologic rescreening tests in women who had positive test results for human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid but who were diagnosed as having benign conditions at cytologic testing. One hundred twenty-five Papanicolaou smears from women who were screened for human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid were sent routinely to a private laboratory for diagnoses. These slides were then reviewed independently by two pathologists who were blinded to the human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid results. The effects of cytologic rescreening in cases of both positive and negative human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid were assessed by calculating z scores. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was diagnosed in 40% by pathologist A and in 20% by pathologist B of the human papillomavirus-positive subjects compared with none diagnosed by the private cytology laboratory (z = 3.09, p less than 0.005 and z = 1.98, p less than 0.05, respectively). No significant differences were found in the human papillomavirus-negative group. We conclude that cytologic rescreening in human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid-positive women who were initially diagnosed as having benign cytologic results will yield a significant proportion of cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Immune status as a determinant of human papillomavirus detection and its association with anal epithelial abnormalities.

One hundred and twenty Danish homosexual men were enrolled to characterize risk factors for anal type-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) expression and to examine its association with anal epithelial atypia. Detection of HPV strongly correlated with immunosuppression measured by T-lymphocyte subset markers and rose nearly linearly from 7.3% among subjects with CD4/CD8 ratios above 1.0 to 35.3% among those with a ratio below 0.4 (p trend = 0.003). No association was found between presence of HPV and a wide range of lifestyle factors including number of sex partners/year, smoking, alcohol consumption and illegal drug intake. However, self-reported history of anal condyloma in the past year was correlated with HPV (p less than 0.001). Simultaneous testing for presence of HPV in the oral cavity showed evidence of HPV 16,18 and 31,33,35. Anal smears were abnormal in 19.5% of the men and correlated strongly with presence of HPV (OR = 6.1, p less than 0.001). Type-specific associations were found with HPV 31/33/35 (OR = 8.5) and HPV 16/18 (OR = 3.1) only. The association remained significant after adjusting for immune status. Overall, HPV was detected in 50% of the cases with abnormal smears. However, HPV was found in all subjects with abnormal smears and a CD4/CD8 ratio below 0.4, compared to only 3 of 14 subjects with abnormal smears and a ratio greater than or equal to 1.3. In conclusion, (1) HPV may be missed in a substantial number of infected subjects with a normal immune system. This may have an impact on studies trying to describe risk factors for HPV transmission and its correlation with cancer development. (2) The finding of HPV 16,18 and 31,33,35 in the oral cavity makes oral-genital sexual activity at least a hypothetical route of transmission for these HPV types. (3) HPV appears to play a central role in the development of anal epithelial abnormality.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Interaction of human immunodeficiency and papilloma viruses: association with anal epithelial abnormality in homosexual men.

During the 7th annual follow-up of our cohort of homosexual men in 1989, we tested the hypotheses that infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may enhance the expression of human papilloma virus (HPV) and that the development of anal epithelial abnormality is related to a biologic interaction between these two viruses. Overall, 41 (39%) of the 105 men had anal swabs positive for one or more genotypes of HPV 6/11, 16/18 or 31/33/35. Twenty-three (53%) of the 43 HIV-positive subjects harbored HPV compared to 18 (29%) of the 64 HIV-negative subjects (p = 0.012), including higher prevalence rates for HPV genotypes 16/18 (p = 0.01), 6/11 (p = 0.007), and 31/33/35 (p = 0.07). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the HIV-positive subjects showed low CD4+ cell counts to be an independent risk factor for detection of HPV (p = 0.04) and in particular for HPV genotypes 31/33/35 (p = 0.02) and 6/11 (p = 0.07). In contrast, similar analysis of the HIV-negative subset showed that a positive antibody test for syphilis was associated with HPV (p = 0.03). Anal epithelial abnormalities were found in 13 (14%) of 92 technically adequate cytologic smears and were strongly associated with detection of any HPV genotypes by the dot-blot method (p = 0.01), and in particular with HPV genotypes 6/11 (p = 0.001). None of 15 subjects with HPV detected only by PCR had anal epithelial abnormality. We propose a viral interaction model, in which HIV-related immune deficiency allows reactivation of HPV, with a subsequent or concomitant appearance of epithelial abnormality.

Anal Canal↗

PubMed1990

Anal intraepithelial neoplasia and anal papillomavirus infection among homosexual males with group IV HIV disease.

Ninety-seven male homosexuals with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or other group IV human immunodeficiency virus disease were studied for anal human papillomavirus infection and intra-anal cytological abnormalities. Human papillomavirus DNA was detected in 52 subjects (54%), and 38 subjects (39%) were found to have abnormal anal cytological findings; anal intraepithelial neoplasia was detected in 15 specimens (15%). Abnormalities on anal cytological smear were significantly associated with the presence of human papillomavirus DNA, with a risk ratio of 4.6. Infection with multiple human papillomavirus types was common (12%) and was associated with a risk ratio for cytological abnormalities of 39.0. Median T4 counts of subjects with abnormal cytological findings were significantly lower than those with normal findings. These studies indicate that immunosuppressed male homosexuals have a high prevalence of anal human papillomavirus infection and anal intraepithelial neoplasia, and this population may be at significant risk for the development of anal cancer.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1990

[Bacteriological studies of the problem "Epidemic losses in hares and deer in habitats with high cultivation of 00-rapeseed"].

Within the scope of the research work for possible reasons of the so-called "wildlife mortality" more than 900 specimens of 440 animals (183 hares, 153 deer, 14 rabbits found dead, and 98 hares and 6 deer shot by hunters) were checked for the presence of Clostridia in inner organs. The results show that in 40.3% of the animals found dead but only in 13.3% of the hunted hares Clostridia were to be found. Out of the isolated Clostridia strains 24.4% could not be identified; potentially pathogenic species were found in 78.3% of isolates of hares, 81.7% of those of deer and in 9.2% of those of hunted hares. 23.9% of the isolates were C. perfringens. Considering the known epizootiology of clostridioses it can be concluded that clostridia certainly play a role in losses of wildlife, as well in hares as in deer. Triggering factors could lie in the kind of feed which is available for animals in modern agrarian landscape. During the critical period in autumn and winter there are mainly crop plants like rapeseed, wheat and barley only available for wildlife.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Lamellar bodies of cultured human fetal lung: content of surfactant protein A (SP-A), surface film formation and structural transformation in vitro.

Lamellar bodies were isolated from dexamethasone and T3-treated explant cultures of human fetal lung, using sucrose density-gradient centrifugation. We examined their content of surfactant apoprotein A (SP-A), and their ability to form surface films and to undergo structural transformation in vitro. SP-A measured by ELISA composed less than 2% of total protein within lamellar bodies; this represented, as a minimum estimate, a 2-12-fold enrichment over homogenate. One- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis also suggested that SP-A was a minor protein component of lamellar bodies. Adsorption of lamellar bodies to an air/water interface was moderately rapid, but accelerated dramatically upon addition of exogenous SP-A in ratios of 1:2-16 (SP-A:phospholipid, w/w). Similar adsorption patterns were seen for lamellar bodies from fresh adult rat and rabbit lung. Lamellar bodies incubated under conditions that promote formation of tubular myelin underwent structural rearrangement only in the presence of exogenous SP-A, with extensive formation of multilamellate whorls of lipid bilayers (but no classical tubular myelin lattices). We conclude that lamellar bodies are enriched in SP-A, but have insufficient content of SP-A for structural transformation to tubular myelin and rapid surface film formation in vitro.

Cell Fractionation↗

PubMed1990

Glucocorticoid stimulation of fatty acid synthesis in explants of human fetal lung.

We examined the effects of glucocorticoids and thyroid hormone (T3) on fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid composition and fatty acid synthetase activity in explants of human fetal lung (16-23 wk gestation). Explants were cultured 1-7 days in the absence (control) or presence of dexamethasone (10 nM) and/or T3 (2 nM). In control explants fatty acid synthesis and fatty acid synthetase activity increased 200% and 455%, respectively, between 1 and 5 days. Dexamethasone (10 nM) stimulated fatty acid synthesis (tritiated water incorporation) 155% and fatty acid synthetase activity 117% after 5 days in culture. T3 (2 nM) was not stimulatory, either alone or in the presence of dexamethasone. Dexamethasone increased the proportion of newly synthesized fatty acid recovered in phosphatidylcholine from 72% (control) to 90% (P less than 0.02) of total fatty acid. Dexamethasone stimulation of fatty acid synthetase activity was consistent with a receptor-mediated process: (1) stimulation was saturable and dose-dependent (Kd = 1.5 +/- 0.3 nM); (2) the potency of glucocorticoid analogs and other steroids reflected their glucocorticoid activity; (3) stimulation was reversible when cortisol was removed from the medium. Stimulation by dexamethasone was apparent within 24 h of hormone exposure, and increased to a maximum between 4 and 6 days. Fatty acid synthetase activity was higher in Type II cells (3.54 +/- 0.58 nmol malate/min per mg protein) than in fibroblasts from treated explants. Although both cell types responded to hormone treatment the stimulation was greater for Type II cells (200% vs. 75% increase). The fatty acid composition of PC showed increases in 14:0 and 16:1 with culture alone which were further stimulated by dexamethasone but not T3. These results indicate glucocorticoid stimulation of fatty acid synthesis and are consistent with a key role for fatty acid synthetase in the hormonal induction of pulmonary surfactant phosphatidylcholine synthesis in cultured fetal lung.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Evidence of mucin M1 antigens in seminal plasma and normal cells of human prostatic urethra in relation to embryonic development and tumors.

By employing immunoperoxidase methodology, using monoclonal antibodies against the peptide core of gastric mucins (M1 antigens), we demonstrate the presence of M1 mucin-producing cells that are associated with the prostatic urethral epithelium and located mainly in the veru montanum area near the prostatic ductal and utriculus junctions. The significance of these M1 cells is not yet clear. Using an immunoradiometric assay, these M1 mucins were found predominantly in the prostatic fraction obtained from seminal plasma. By chromatography on Sepharose 6B and 2B and cesium chloride gradient centrifugation, we demonstrate that high-molecular-weight components (greater than 10(7) Da) show a density of 1.45 g/ml, similar to mucins, and are immunochemically related to peptidic gastric M1 mucins. The particular location of these M1 antigens in prostatic adult urethra and their fetal expression in cloacal structures suggest that, in males, the prostatic urethral epithelium includes some remnant cells from the enteric cloaca. Finally, the presence of mucin-containing cells in the prostatic urethra could possibly explain the histogenesis of the rare benign villous tumors and primary mucinous adenocarcinomas arising from the prostatic urethral epithelium.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Assisted reproductive technology and superfetation: a case report.

This observation reports a case of human superfetation. Fertilizable oocytes and embryos were obtained after ovarian stimulation in a women already several weeks pregnant. Spontaneous monofetal pregnancy had normal development and the embryos obtained after in vitro fertilization were actually frozen.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Human papillomavirus infection in sexually active adolescent females: prevalence and risk factors.

We examined the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and associated risk factors for infection with HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, and 35, in 661 sexually active adolescent females attending family planning clinics. Fifteen percent were positive for HPV DNA by RNA-DNA dot-blot hybridization. More than 60% of the HPV-positive subjects harbored at least one of the following cancer-related HPV types: 16, 18, 31, 33, or 35. Those with HPV had a mean range of four to 10 lifetime sexual partners compared with a mean range of one to three in those without HPV (p less than 0.001). After the analysis was adjusted for number of lifetime sexual partners, no other risk factor was associated with HPV infection. We conclude that oncogenic-related HPV types are common sexually transmitted organisms found in our population. The strong relationship with number of sexual partners suggests that acquisition of HPV infection is predominantly influenced by sexual behavior. However, in our population, confounders such as oral contraceptive use, past history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection, or substance abuse were not found to be significant independent risk factors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Obstetric ultrasound by family physicians. Adequacy as assessed by pregnancy outcome.

Quality assessment is an important component of family medicine research. Actual obstetric outcomes of patients studied by family physician sonographers have not been reported but are relevant to quality assessment. A review of 498 obstetric ultrasound examinations performed by four family physician sonographers at the Medical University of South Carolina and the University of Michigan assessed these physicians' competence by outcome evaluations. The findings are that these physicians accurately predicted the estimated date of confinement, the presence or absence of fetal death, and multiple gestation. They infrequently assessed the fetal sex and were occasionally incorrect when they did so. More study is needed of their competence in the diagnosis of placenta previa, ectopic pregnancy, and fetal anomalies.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Iris melanoma with increased intraocular pressure. Differentiation of focal solitary tumors from diffuse or multiple tumors.

A 70-year-old man presented with an apparent focal iris ciliary body mass and increased intraocular pressure. Fine needle aspiration biopsy 180 degrees from the main lesion demonstrated uveal melanoma cells in the angle. The eye was enucleated, and multiple separate iris and ciliary body melanomas were noted. This case demonstrates the usefulness of fine needle aspiration biopsy for both diagnosis and optimum therapy in selected cases.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Severe hemorrhage secondary to primary, isolated in situ carcinoma of renal pelvis.

Primary transitional cell carcinoma in situ of the renal pelvis is usually found in association with ureteral or vesical neoplasms. However, a case of primary carcinoma in situ of the renal pelvis without previous or concomitant ureteral or vesical carcinoma is presented. Microscopic hematuria is a common finding in cases of carcinoma in situ. Gross hematuria is unusual, but not rare. However, severe hemorrhage (hematocrit 12.1, hemoglobin 3.3 g/dL) as the presenting feature is rare. Diagnosis of such microscopic isolated lesions can be difficult to make pre-operatively. Only after nephrectomy will such a lesion be diagnosed, as was the case in this patient.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Congenital torticollis: evaluation by fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy, used extensively for evaluating head and neck masses in adults, also provides an excellent minimally invasive means of evaluating infants with neck masses and torticollis. Three cases of torticollis involving infants are presented. In each case, fine-needle aspiration revealed a benign fibrous lesion, ruling out malignancy. The remaining cytologic differential diagnosis between infantile fibromatosis, fibromatosis colli, and calcifying aponeurotic fibrosis is discussed, with mention of the possible causes of and treatment for congenital torticollis. We conclude that fine-needle aspiration provides a fast and accurate diagnosis of neck masses in infants who have congenital torticollis, thereby avoiding surgical procedures in this very young age group.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed1989

Cyanide poisoning: pathophysiology and current approaches to therapy.

Considering the difficulties following the administration of nitrites (or aminophenols) or cobalt-EDTA as well as the ineffectivenes of hydroxycobalamin and pyruvate, we feel that a more sensible treatment for acute cyanide intoxication is hemodialysis combined with the intravenous administration of sodium thiosulfate. The addition of hemodialysis to such a regimen is helpful in three ways. First, it removes the small extracellular reservoir of cyanide, particularly if the poison is still being absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Second, it corrects the severe lactic acidosis seen in virtually all cases of cyanide toxicity. As with most poisons death from metabolic acidosis alone is likely. Third, the removal of thiocyanate, the end product of cyanide metabolism, results in a maneuver which should decrease both tissue and plasma cyanide levels. The immediate treatment of acute cyanide intoxication is supportive, as it is with most all drugs and poisons. Gastric lavage using activated charcoal should be initiated immediately to remove any remaining cyanide in the gastrointestinal tract. Simultaneously, high flow oxygen should be administered either by nasal cannula or by endotracheal intubation. Correction of the metabolic acidosis should be instituted with bicarbonate. Immediate hemodialysis should be performed with the concomitant administration of thiosulfate. Animal studies suggest that continuous infusion of thiosulfate (12 mg/kg/hr) is more effective for treating cyanide intoxication than is bolus administration (41, 51). Bolus administration is the currently recommended form of thiosulfate therapy in humans. The Lilly kit contains a 50 ml ampule of thiosulfate having 12.5 gm, which in adults may be repeated once at one-half the dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cyanides↗

PubMed1988

Computers in anatomic pathology. A survey of California hospitals.

The anatomic pathology services of 434 health care institutions in California were surveyed about their use of computers. Of 200 (46%) respondents, 106 (53%) did not use computers at all. Of 94 (47%) respondents who used computers, 77 (82%) used them for administrative purposes; 74 (79%), for any routine processing of surgical specimens; 43 (45%), for processing surgical specimens other than word processing (eg, database); 52 (55%), for processing cytology specimens; and 60 (63%), for processing autopsy specimens (including word processing). Computer use was slightly greater with higher work loads. Among nonusers, on a scale of 1 to 5 the average interest in using computers was 3.5 for surgical pathology data, 3.4 for cytology data, and 2.8 for autopsy data. The interest rate also increased with work load, and was nearly 4 for laboratories with greater than 4000 surgical or cytology cases per year. The average interest in controlling and/or making decisions about computer hardware and software was 3.9 for hardware and 4 for software. Reasons for low computer use in anatomic pathology despite interest in utilization are discussed, including the limited selection of affordable commercial software for anatomic pathology and difficulties of in-house software development.

Autopsy↗

PubMed1988

[In vitro fertilization. Analysis of results after the first 2 years' activity].

413 menstrual cycles were monitored in the first two years of the work of the In-Vitro Fertilization Unit in La Pitié-Salpêtrière. On-going pregnancies were achieved from the very first months of activity, with a level which stayed relatively constant in the first year. Technical changes were introduced and in particular a higher recovery rate of oocytes when ultrasound was used and above all when LH-RH analogues were used in the process of stimulation. It is this last point that seems to be the most interesting. In fact, when the results are examined there is a definite rise in the number of on-going pregnancies of which the level went up by 2.3 times as compared with using a classical protocol of Clomithene citrate and HMG. In the 153 cycles when D-Trp6 LH-RH was used, the percentage of on-going pregnancies was 13.7% for each cycle and 20% for embryo implants. Furthermore, it became possible to work out the dates for the patients and this appears to us essential as the numbers of couples attending increase.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1987

Determination of total protein in human seminal plasma.

Methodological problems are encountered in determinating human seminal protein content since results are influenced especially by techniques which are used, and by modifications due to liquefaction process. In order to test these two points, three methods (Folin, Biuret and Meulemans's reactions) were applied to the same seminal samples and results were compared. The differences seem principally due to the high level of glycoproteins. To determine the modifications of total protein content with time after semen collection, each sample was separated in aliquot fractions and proteolysis was blocked at different times for each fraction. There is an increase of the protein concentration during the first fifteen minutes that follows semen collection. The cause of this phenomenon is discussed.

Electrophoresis↗