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Biomedical subjects

J Goldstein

Publications and source records attributed to J Goldstein.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

The pedunculated malignant melanoma: a misunderstood and neglected variant.

A case of a truly pedunculated malignant melanoma is described. It is a rare form of malignant melanoma. Accurate description of it and statistics of its frequency are difficult to come by in the literature because of the prevailing confusion between this form and the "polypoid" type of malignant melanoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Pathologic and physiologic effects of aspiration of hydrocarbons in the rat.

In a series of laboratory rats, pathologic and physiologic changes of the lungs were studied for 2 wk after intratracheal instillation of kerosene. The ratio of lung weight to body weight increased, indicating pulmonary congestion. Pathologically, 2 types of changes were seen: a generalized hyperemia and a focal bronchopneumonia. Physiologically there was an upward shift to the left of the static pressure-volume curve, with increases in total lung capacity of 35 to 40%. This was true whether air or saline was used as the inflating medium. All the changes described were maximal by 24 h after kerosene instillation and tended to return to baseline within 2 wk. Although static compliance of the lung increased, when normalized for total lung capacity there was no change, indicating that the shift was functionally equivalent to opening new lung units. We speculate that the leftward shift in the pressure-volume curve was due either to a reversible effect on lung elastin, or to changes in contractile elements located in lung parenchyma.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The use of radiographic studies in a teaching hospital.

A study was conducted on the use of radiographic studies by 138 medical residents. They ordered an initial chest film on 88% of their patients and averaged a 34% yield. Though the range of other radiographic studies ordered per patient varied by a factor of 15, more than half the resident physicians ordered an average of less than one for every two patients. These physicians experienced overall yields between 0 and 100%, with half the residents averaging between 33 and 57%. This data base was then used to derive empirical norms of radiographic study utilization that can be employed to evaluate physicians' utilization in providing care to comparable populations.

California↗
PubMed1980

Clinical evaluation of bronchopulmonary lavage using the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope.

Thirty-three patients had segmental and lobar bronchopulmonary lavage using three types of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopes. A maximum volume of 300 ml of normal saline solution at room temperature was used. Lavage was effective for removing large numbers of alveolar macrophages (mean, 17 million) and proteinaceous material (mean, 0.18 mg per milliliter) that helped enhance the antibacterial properties of the macrophages. Transient shunting (mean fall in partial pressure of arterial oxygen, 65 mm Hg) and alveolar filling that reverted to normal in 3 hours were noted. The procedure averaged 45 minutes and was as simple as bronchoscopy. The larger the internal diameter of the bronchoscope (> 2.6 mm) the better suited it was for lavage. Sequential segmental lavage seems to offer the advantages of simplicity and technical ease over isolated lobar lavage with a balloon-tipped bronchoscope. It also has the advantage of simplicity over whole-lung lavage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Visibility and sharpness of lung structure at 90, 140, and 350 kV.

Human lung specimens containing a variety of lesions were radiographed at 90, 140, and 350 kV. Nodules less than 3 mm in diameter and linear shadows less than 0.3 mm in diameter were either not visible or poorly seen at 350 kV. Larger lesions were seen well with all three kilovoltages, although the interfaces were more distinct on the 90- and 140-kV views. The best images were obtained at 90, slightly worse at 140, and least satisfactory at 350 kV; in general, however, most features of the normal and diseased lung were readily seen at all three kilovoltages. The apparent degradation of the lung image at high kV levels may be explained by the large focal spot of the 350-kV system and the attenuation properties of high-energy photons.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Effect of secreted Bacteroides proteases on human intestinal brush border hydrolases.

Selected bacteroides species secreted various amounts of protease and glycosidase into their growth medium. Bacteroides vulgatus, distasonis, and ovatus secreted the most (31-60% of total). The secreted protease was similar in action to the protease within the organism, in that it had a broad pH optimum of 6-9, a K(m app.) for casein of 0.1 muM, and was inhibited by benzamidine, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DIFP), and by an elastase inhibitor, Ac(Ala)(3)AlaCH(2)Cl. Exposure of human brush border preparations to the secreted protease reduced maltase and sucrase activities; the reduction could be prevented by DIFP. In contrast, brush border alkaline phosphatase activity either did not change or increased after exposure to bacterial secretions. >90% inhibition of secreted glycosidase using EDTA and p-chloromercuribenzoic acid did not prevent the reduction of brush border maltase and sucrase activity, suggesting that glucosidases were not likely to be involved in the destruction of brush border enzymes. Moreover, the bacterial proteases caused only a small net release of active maltase or sucrase from the brush border. Most of the loss of activity was due to destruction of the enzyme. Proximal bowel fluid of three patients with overgrowth contained DIFP-inhibitable protease that destroyed sucrase in isolated brush borders. A Bacteroides species was isolated from each sample that secreted protease and destroyed brush border sucrase. We conclude that in bacterial overgrowth syndromes, brush border damage may occur from protease(s) secreted by Bacteroides.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Acute and subchronic toxicity of pentachlorobenzene.

Oral LD50 values for pentachlorobenzene (QCB) in rats were 1125, 1080, and 940 mg/kg for adult males, adult females, and weanling females, respectively. The oral LD50 values in mice were 1175 mg/kg for males and 1370 mg/kg for females. Clinical signs of toxicity included tremors and narcosis. Dermal application of 2500 mg/kg did not produce clinical signs in rats. In subchronic studies weanling male rats were fed 0, 125, or 1000 ppm QCB for 100 days and weanling females fed 0, 125, 250, 500, or 1000 ppm for 180 days. No clinical signs of toxicity or effects on growth were observed in these rats throughout the exposures. QCB accumulated in adipose tissues at approximately 1.5-2.2 times the dietary concentrations. Porphyrin measurements were made only in females. Terminal values for urinary uro-and coproporphyrin and accumulation of liver porphyrins were not remarkably different in control and QCB-treated groups. In groups fed 1000 ppm, the WBC was increased and red blood cell indices were generally decreased compared to controls. The rats were pair-bred with untreated partners after 67 days of treatment. Fertility and fecundity were unaffected in either sex; however, suckling pups of QCB-treated mothers fed 250 ppm or more developed tremors and at 1000 ppm most died before weaning. Adrenal weights in males and kidney weights in both sexes were increased in adults fed 1000 ppm. In groups fed 250 ppm or more liver/body weight ratios were increased in both adults and in weanling offspring of QCB-treated dams. Hepatocellular enlargement was particularly evident in the 500 and 1000 ppm groups. In the kidneys of adult males, more numerous and larger foci of tubular atrophy and lymphocytic infiltration were seen at 1000 ppm than were seen in controls and dose-related increases in hyaline droplet formation occurred at 125 and 1000 ppm.

Adipose Tissue↗