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Biomedical subjects

J Gillquist

Publications and source records attributed to J Gillquist.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Serum activity of ornithine carbamoyl transferase in patients operated with jejunoileal bypass for extreme obesity after pretreatment with aminoacids.

Increased blood level of the liver specific enzyme ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCT) is known to be a sensitive indicator of liver cell damage. The effect of preoperative aminoacid infusion to obese patients before jejunoileal bypass due to obesity was studied in 7 patients. They had a significantly lower rise on OCT than eight patients receiving only 5.5% glucose. The result seems to indicate that the liver in an obese patient undergoing abdominal surgery is protected against damage by an infusion of aminoacids.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

Therapeutic arthroscopy of the knee.

This paper describes transcutaneous therapeutic procedures performed during arthroscopy. Sixty-six patients were treated. Small loose bodies were flushed out through the arthroscope in 7 cases. In 19 of 24 knees a loose body 0.5-2 cm in size was extracted either with a Dormia stone-dislodger or a pituitary rongeur. In 5 patients we failed to remove the loose body transcutaneously and arthrotomy was performed. A meniscus was resected in 17 patients using a pituitary rongeur alone or in combination with some other instrument. The late result was good in 14, but 3 subsequently underwent arthrotomy. Various procedures such as lateral release of the patella by a special technique, removal of intra-articular sutures and other measures were also undertaken. No complications occurred and the duration of sick leave was usually short. Before arthrotomy for removal of loose bodies or resection of ruptured menisci is performed, we feel that an attempt at transcutaneous therapy under arthroscopy should be made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Findings at arthroscopy and arthrography in knee injuries.

The diagnostic accuracy of arthroscopy and arthrography was investigated. A total of 135 patients were examined by the two methods. All were operated on and 90 of them were analyzed in detail, the X-ray examinations being done at this hospital. In 82 patients arthroscopy gave correct information. In eight (9 per cent) the diagnosis was incorrect, in most cases a rupture of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus being overlooked. Arthrography gave accurate preoperative information in 52 patients, but in 38 (42 per cent) the diagnosis was inaccurate. This difference in correlation with the operation findings between arthroscopy and arthrography was highly significant (P less than 0.001), and it is concluded that endoscopy gives more complete and more useful preoperative information than arthrography. Arthrography, however, remains a valuable diagnostic tool, as arthroscopy cannot be performed in every patient with knee symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Immediate effects of meniscectomy on the knee joint. The effects of tensile load on knee joint ligaments in dogs.

Tensile strength variables for the collateral ligaments were compared after excision of the meniscus in one knee, the corresponding meniscus in the contralateral knee of the same dog being intact. Removal of the meniscus was associated with a three-fold increase in initial laxity, two-fold for the lateral and three-fold for the medical ligament. The maximum tensile load uptake of the medial collateral ligament was reduced by more than 10 per cent after medial meniscectomy; the load uptake of the lateral ligament was not affected by lateral meniscectomy. It is proposed that tensile loads are distributed more favourably in the medial collateral ligament by the intact medial meniscus with firm capsular attachments than in the "normal" ligament after meniscectomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Parathyroid localization in patients with previous neck surgery.

The results of parathyroid arteriography and venous parathyroid hormone assay were evaluated in thirteen patients reexplored for persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism. The operative findings in these patients were ten adenomas and eight hyperplastic parathyroid glands. Angiography disclosed eight of the adenomas and failed to visualize one. Only two of the hyperplastic glands were disclosed by angiography. By venous sampling the correct side was predicted in seven out of eight cases of unilateral lesions--in one case of an adenoma no hormonal maximum was found. In two cases of bilateral lesions a maximum was found on one side only, while in three cases of unilateral two-lesions the maximum was correct in two cases and contralateral in one. We conclude that a combination of angiography and venous sampling gave localization or lateralisation in 12/13 patients with previous neck surgery for hyperparathyroidism and found the methods to be complementary to each other and prefer both done in these cases.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1978

Clinical experience of parathyroid autotransplantation.

Parathyroid tissue was transplanted from the neck to the muscles of the non-dominant forearm in 18 patients. The difference in concentration of parathormone between the transplant arm and the contralateral arm was used as a test of parathyroid function. All patients showed a difference in concentration between the arms. Three patients needed calcium supplement for 2 months after surgery, and one patient with no parathyroid tissue left in situ also needed vitamin D for 8 months. The results indicate that parathyroid tissue transplanted to the arm continues to function, and is able to keep the patient normocalcaemic even when no parathyroid tissue is left in situ.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1977

Combined fractures of the femoral and tibial shafts in the same limb.

This paper reports a study of ipsilateral fractures of the femoral and tibial shafts in 21 patients treated according to a detailed plan including shock treatment, prophylaxis against fat embolism, soft-tissue and fracture treatment. Death due to hypovalaemic shock was eliminated and the incidence of fat emboliism (9-5%) reduced in comparison with an earlier series. The tibial fracture was stabilized by plaster or internal fixation as soon as conditions allowed. In most cases the femoral fracture was treated by medullary mailing. Results have improved compared with earlier series. All fractures healed within 15 months, and functional end results have been excellent in the majority of the surviving patients (89%).

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1977

Arthroscopy in acute injuries of the knee joint.

Arthroscopy was performed during the acute phase of injury in 84 knees (79 patients). A satisfactory view of the joint was obtained in all cases, and no complications occurred. About two-thirds of the patients had injuries associated with violent rotation-abduction. In about one-third of the patients operation could be avoided. In cases with haemarthrosis, serious ligament injury was present in nearly 50 per cent. Complete arthroscopy was associated with few diagnostic errors. Clinical examination often led to uncertain or incorrect diagnosis even when performed under anaesthesia by experienced surgeons. In contrast, arthroscopy led to rapid diagnosis and treatment, thus shortening the period of disability. We recommend arthroscopy in acute knee injuries, but the examination must be performed by an experienced arthroscopist.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

A 14-month study of severe non-wound infectious complications in general surgery.

A retrospective study of serious non-wound infectious complications in general surgery during at 14-month period is reported. A prospective study on wound infections in available from the same institution and period. Septicemia, intraabdominal and intrathoracal abscesses and rare cases of osteomyelitis occurred in 1.3% of all treated patients, whereas postoperative wound infection developed in 7.5% of primarily non-infected patients. Mortality was significantly higher among patients with serious infections than in all patients nursed during the same period. Severe postoperative infectious complications was in fact the third most common cause of death and accounted for 14% of the mortality of the clinic. This rate rises to close to 50% when death from incurable disease is excluded. Septicemia carried a significantly higher mortality rate than intraabdominal abscesses. The risk of a serious infection developing was significantly higher in operations on the small or large intestine than after appendectomies or biliary operations. Gram negative bacteria dominated, especially in cases with a fatal outcome. Contributing factors such as malignancy, preoperative infection or macroscopic peroperative wound soiling, were more common in patients where a serious infectious complication developed postoperatively.

Abscess↗
PubMed1977

Function of the thyroid gland after subtotal resection for hyperthyroidism in relation to remnant size.

The size of the remnant gland after subtotal thyroidectomy varied between 5 and 12 g in 85 hyperthyroid patients. The patients were then examined 6 weeks and 6 months after surgery with estimation of TSH and TRH stimulation test as well as thyroxine and triiodothyronine. A significant correlation between TSH response to TRH and remnant weight was found ( r= 0.94, p less than 0.01). The frequency of raised S-TSH was higher in the group with small remnants compared with those with larger ones. There was only minor correlation between raised S-TSH or high TSH response to TRH and remnant size expressed in per cent of the total thyroid weight (relative remnant size). No significant difference in thyroxine and triiodothyronine was found between the weight groups. Hypothyroidism developed in two patients with small remnants (6 g) and in one patient with a remnant weight of 8 g. Recurrent hyperthyroidism occurred in one patient in the 8-gram weight group. These results indicate that the remnant size may be one factor influencing the outcome of thyroid function after surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Serum calcitonin in acute pancreatitis in man.

Serum calcitonin (Ct) levels, serum calcium, and urine amylast were analyzed in 29 patients with an acute pancreatitis collected at random. In two of the patients the acute pancreatitis complicated a primary hyperparathyroidism. It was found that the calcitonin levels in serum were usually elevated during the acute phase of the pancreatitis. During this phase of the disease 22 of 27 examined patients had Ct-values above the upper normal limit of 1 mug/ml. The patients with normal Ct-values also had moderately elevated amylast values and a less pronounced pancreatitis. Normal Ct-values were usually found in patients more than 10 days after the onset of symptoms. Serum calcium was mostly within normal limits. However, a slight fall in serum calcium or low values was recorded in six patients with a pronounced disese. One patient with hyperparathyroidism normalized a previously elevated serum calcium during the calcitonin release.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Grouping of patients with hyperparathyroidism by clinical signs, correlated to some biochemical findings.

Serum parathormone (S-PTH), total and free fractions of serum calcium (Cat and Caf), urinary excretion of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMPu), serum phosphate and serum magnesium were analysed in 68 patients with hyperparathyroidism verified by operation and PAD. The diagnostic significance of the analyses was examined. It was shown that Caf was consistently above normal even in patients in whom the other tests were normal. The best diagnostic sensitivity was thus found for Caf followed by Cat, S-PTH and cAMPu. The results of these tests were generally correlated to each other except in patients with impaired renal function in whom S-PTH increased out of porportion to the other tests. Cat and Caf were significantly correlated to each other. However, Caf was pathologic even when Cat was normal. It is concluded that for hypercalcemic patients Cat and Caf are the most reliable tests. S-PTH is elevated only in some hypercalcemic patients. In normocalcemic patients all tests except Caf show normal values.

Adult↗