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Biomedical subjects

J Gallo

Publications and source records attributed to J Gallo.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Volatile fatty acid concentrations, enzyme activities and microflora in the rumen contents of heifers during transition to pasture.

Observations were carried out on volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, enzyme activities and the microflora of the rumen contents in heifers during transition from winter to pasture feeding and in the subsequent gazing cycles. After turn-out to pasture, total VFA concentrations in the rumen contents of heifers significantly decreased from 107.7 to 88.7 mmol.l-1 (P < 0.01). After subsequent increase the total VFA concentrations reached their highest value (117.0 mmol.l-1) in the 8th week of grazing. The proportion of the molar acetic acid concentration in the rumen content increased insignificantly whereas that of propionic acid decreased insignificantly. In the molar proportion of butyric acid no significant differences could be stated. In the subsequent weeks the molar proportions of acetic acid were rather balanced and ranged within 66.2 and 68.0 mol%; the molar proportion of propionic acid insignificantly increased in the 4th week (18.7 mol%). Molar proportions of butyric acid on pasture insignificantly increased in week 3 (15.2 mol%) and appeared as balanced, later acquiring values between 14.0 and 14.8 mol%. The energetic yield of VFA production in the rumen of heifers decreased insignificantly from 73.6 to 72.15; the acetate: propionate ratio revealed an insignificant increase from 3.66 to 4.18. The enzyme activity of cellulase (endoglucanase E.C.3.2.1.4 and cellobiohydrolase E.C.3.2.1.91.) decreased significantly from 17.83 to 16.64 micrograms.ml-1 (P < 0.01); in the subsequent weeks, however, a significant increase could be observed. The enzyme activity of alpha-amylase (E.C.3.2.1.1.) decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In the 4th week a significant increase of the former occurred. The numbers of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen content decreased significantly from 8.08 to 7.61 log 10.ml-1 (P < 0.01) and then a significant increase to 8.39 log 10.ml-1 was observed again in the 3rd week of grazing (P < 0.05). During pasture, a significant increase of the numbers of lactate-utilizing bacteria was recorded. As to the numbers of lactobacilli a significant decrease (P < 0.05) with a subsequent insignificant increase during grazing could be observed. Throughout the grazing season, the numbers of Streptococci reached values that surpassed those recorded during the winter feeding period. After transition from winter feeding to pasture the adaptation of rumen fermentation took four weeks.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1994

Preparation and specificity of antibodies against coat proteins of broad bean stain virus.

Mouse polyclonal antibodies were prepared against broad bean stain virus (BBSV, Comovirus group) and its coat protein subunits, large (L) and small (S) protein. These subunits were less immunogenic than native virus. Antibodies against L protein (Anti-L) and native virus (Anti-BBSV) did not react in immunoblots with S protein, but Anti-BBSV antibody reacted with S protein in plate-trapped antigen ELISA. Anti-S antibodies did not react with the related red clover mottle comovirus (RCMV), but Anti-L and Anti-BBSV antibodies reacted with RCMV similarly to BBSV. We assume that all the linear epitopes of the BBSV S protein are hidden in the native virions and the antigenic similarity between BBSV and RCMV is based mainly on their common linear L-specific epitopes.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against broad bean stain and red clover mottle viruses.

Seven monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against red clover mottle comovirus (RCMV) and/or broad bean stain comovirus (BBSV) were characterized and used for epitope comparison of both viruses. All tested MoAbs, exclusively of IgG class, were directed to detergent-stable epitopes (metatopes and cryptotopes). Two of them were species-specific, while five others cross-reacted with both viruses to different extent. On the basis of the results of competitive ELISA, we assume different mutual position of common linear epitopes in RCMV and BBSV. They are more closely "packed up" on BBSV, while the BBSV-specific metatope is markedly dominant. The investigation of other RCMV and BBSV isolates by use of our MoAbs confirmed close relationship between both viruses and even showed that it is difficult to determine unambiguously the species of these isolates using immunochemical methods only.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1994

Determination of the antigenic variability of pseudorabies virus field isolates with monoclonal antibodies.

Five stable hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were obtained by fusing spleen cells of pseudorabies virus (strain BUK) immunized BALB/c mice with mouse myeloma cell line SP2/0. Plate-trapped and antibody-trapped antigen ELISAs were done to compare the interaction of MAbs with TOP and "K" strains and 7 Slovak field isolates. Only 2 Slovak isolates reacted with all the MAbs, 3 MAbs reacted with TOP and "K" strains. One Slovak isolate gave no reaction with any MAbs.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Serological typing of red clover necrotic mosaic virus isolates by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) enabled a more precise serological typing of isolates of red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) originating from Slovak and Czech Republics, Poland, Sweden and Great Britain. We found 5 isolates of serotype A, 14 isolates of serotype B, and 6 isolates of serotype C. Some isolates represented mixtures of serotypes, namely A+B (1 isolate), A+C (1), B+C (7), and A+B+C (5). ELISA was found to be a more suitable method of serotype identification of RCNMV isolates than the double diffusion agar gel test for its higher sensitivity and greater selectivity.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1994

Resistance of green peas to legume viruses.

A total of 16 green pea cultivars (Pisum sativum L.) were screened for resistance to bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV), and alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV). Cvs. Avola, Midget, Wawerplus, Wawerex, Bunny and Banff were found immune to BYMV infection. Cvs. Marx and Pion exhibited a high level (above 95%) of resistance to BYMV, but they were highly susceptible to PEMV and AMV. It is recommended to use BYMV-immune or highly BYMV-resistant cultivars for further breeding. There were no significant differences in AMV levels among the respective pea cultivars.

Alfalfa mosaic virus↗
PubMed1993

Effects of vagal nerve stimulation on laryngeal function.

Functional electrical stimulation is a developing methodology that shows significant potential in the management of peripheral neuromuscular deficits. Potential applications in the head and neck area, including control of bilateral vocal fold paralysis and spasmodic dysphonia, have recently been explored. Despite promising early results, very little is known about the mechanisms of action or the long-term effects of electrical stimulation on human laryngeal function. Recent development of implantable vagal nerve stimulators as a method to control intractable seizures in individuals who have not responded to medication provides a unique opportunity to study its effect on the normal human larynx. Laryngeal and vocal function testing was studied on five individuals who had undergone vagal nerve stimulator implants for intractable seizures. Consistent abduction/adduction of the left vocal fold was achieved at 20 and 40 Hz, respectively. Higher levels of electrical stimulation produced hemispasm of the larynx. Results were consistent with studies in the literature of recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation in animal and human models. The vagus nerve provides relatively easy access for implantation of electrodes to provide electrical stimulation to the muscles of the larynx. Vagal nerve stimulation may prove efficacious in the treatment of movement disorders of the larynx; further study is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Construction and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to alfalfa mosaic virus.

Seven monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) isolate T6 were prepared and characterized. One of them (amv 4) reacted with the cryptotope, another (amv 5) with the neotope and the remaining five with various metatopes. Five MoAbs derived from mouse ascitic fluid reacted in immunodiffusion test with native virus and two MoAbs with AMV coat protein. In competitive ELISA, homologous MoAbs caused 80-100% inhibition of the reaction, but some reactions were also affected by heterologous MoAbs. The MoAbs raised against AMV isolate T6 could not be used for differentiation of the four AMV pathotypes examined.

Alfalfa mosaic virus↗
PubMed1993

Determination of broad bean stain virus serotypes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the degree of serological specificity of two serotypes of broad bean stain virus (BBSV) and their relationship to red clover mottle virus (RCMV). Optimal conditions for the differentiation by ELISA of the two viruses and the two BBSV serotypes were established. BBSV isolates from Vicia sativa belonged to serotype I, those from pea plants (F1, Kow 60) to serotype II, and isolates from Lens culinaris differed from these two serotypes. ELISA revealed no antigenic differences between 22 RCMV isolates which showed the same degree of serological relationship to both BBSV serotypes.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1993

Some properties of coat proteins of two comoviruses.

Properties of coat proteins of red clover mottle virus (RCMV) and broad bean strain virus (BBSV) belonging to comoviruses were studied using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS (SDS-PAGE), proteolytic cleavage. Western blot analysis and monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). Boiling in the absence of detergent did not cause disintegration of virus particles, but the latter occurred in the presence of 0.2% SDS. With 1% SDS the disintegration began at 50 degrees C and above 60 degrees C the virus particles were completely disintegrated. The relative molecular weights of the coat proteins as determined by SDS-PAGE method were 37.5 K and 20.5 K for RCMV, and 36.5 K and 22 K for BBCV, respectively. A spontaneous shortening of both coat proteins by proteolytic cleavage occurred in vitro. After cleavage with V8-protease the larger proteins gave 5 and 6 products, respectively (2 and 3 of them being the products of incomplete or nonspecific cleavage), the smaller proteins 4 products. The epitopes distinguished by 7 MoAbs were localized on only two V8-digest products of the larger coat proteins, but no MoAb binding to the smaller coat protein was observed.

Capsid↗
PubMed1993

[Biochemical indicators of nitrogen and energy metabolism in the plasma and blood of beef bulls during the grazing season].

Concentrations of total proteins, urea, total lipids in the blood plasma and glucose concentrations in the blood of beef bullocks were followed after their transition from winter feed rations to pasture, and in the subsequent grazing cycles within two years. Blood was taken by punctures from the vena jugularis from the same six bullocks all the time. In the 1st year of observation, blood sampling took place a week before the bullocks were moved to pasture, in the 2nd year of observation blood was taken twice in weekly intervals before pasture. During grazing, biological material was sampled in weekly intervals between 1st and 5th week (May--cycle I, June--cycle II), then in the tenth week (July--cycle III) and in the 14 week (August--pasture cycle IV). The concentrations of total proteins in the blood plasma of beef bullocks (Fig. 1) insignificantly increased after transition from indoor housing to pasture, this increase continued in the second year of observation for two weeks after transition to pasture, and in the first year of observation for four weeks with a break in the 2nd week. In the subsequent period, the concentrations of total proteins decreased to the values approaching the starting values. The concentrations of plasma urea in beef bullocks (Fig. 2) significantly increased in both years of observation after transition from stable fattening to pasture (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, resp.). In the second week after transition to pasture, further highly significant increase in the concentrations of plasma urea was observed in both years of observation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1992

Adhesion of dentin bonding agents after smear layer treatments.

The effect on bond strength of smear layer removal (40% polyacrylic acid or 10% phosphoric acid) versus smear layer conditioning for dentin bonding agents requiring conditioning was compared. Results indicated no difference in shear bond strength for groups in which the smear layer was conditioned or removed with phosphoric acid. Smear layer removal with polyacrylic acid resulted in lower bond strengths between DBAs and dentin than either phosphoric acid removal or conditioning (P less than 0.01). Scanning electron photomicrographs of dentin treated with each dentin bonding agent revealed various surface morphologies.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1991

Myeloablative chemoradiotherapy and autologous bone marrow infusions for treatment of neuroblastoma: factors influencing engraftment.

Bone marrow harvested from cancer patients for autologous bone marrow reinfusion (ABMR) after myeloablative treatment may be injured, in both its proliferating and stromal cell pools, by either previous treatment or manipulation at the time of harvest. We have examined the relative effects of seven covariates on hematologic recovery after ABMR in children with neuroblastoma (NBL) using univariate and step-up analysis. We measured recovery by times to achieve (1) white blood cell counts greater than 1,000/microL; (2) absolute neutrophil counts greater than 500/microL; and (3) platelet counts greater than 20,000/microL without transfusion. In univariate analysis, recovery was significantly associated with the amount of prior chemotherapy and the interval between last chemotherapy and marrow harvest. Patient sex, the number of granulocyte-macrophage colonies infused, harvest-to-freeze interval, and use of purging were marginally associated. After adjusting for potential confounders in a multivariate model, the amounts of chemotherapy and granulocyte-macrophage colonies infused were independently significant predictors of time to total white blood cell count recovery; chemotherapy courses and chemo-to-harvest interval were predictors of neutrophil count recovery; and sex, use of purging, and harvest-to-freeze interval were marginal predictors of platelet recovery. The speed of hematologic recovery after ABMR seems to depend mainly on pre-existing factors and marginally on manipulation of the marrow after harvest. These factors may affect both proliferating and stromal cell pools.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of red clover necrotic mosaic virus in the host plants.

Detection of three isolates of red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) representing A, B, and C serotypes was experimentally proved in 18 host plant species by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In all plant species tested, the homologous serotype reactions showed high selectivity. Individual virus serotypes could be reliably detected in the extracts of infected plants only with the homologous IgG fraction. Group specific detection of RCNMV without serotype determination was possible using the mixture of IgG directed to all virus serotypes occurring in the region of investigation. Intensity of positive reaction of optimally diluted IgG with the extracts from infected plants differed markedly from that of negative reaction and from the reaction background. The latter depended on the quality of serum used for the IgG preparation. For detection of small amounts of RCNMV, virus infectivity test on indicator plants was more sensitive than ELISA.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The efficacy of six heel pressure reducing devices.

Twenty to 90 percent of pressure ulcers are located on the heel. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pressure exerted on the heel when the foot in both the supine and the 30 degree elevated position was placed in various heel pressure reducing devices. Interface pressures of six heel devices were measured to determine their performance. Other factors, such as body weight, height shoe size, shoe width, as well as whether the device provided leg support were examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Determination of serotypes of red clover necrotic mosaic virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The direct double antibody sandwich (DAS) type of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the degree of serological and antigenic differences, among the three serotypes (A, B, C) of red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV). Homologous and heterologous antibody titres in the used IgGs to isolates TpM34 (serotype A), TpM48 (serotype B) and isolate No. 6 (serotype C) as determined by ELISA were 100- to 200-fold higher than by ring precipitation test. Intensity of homologous and heterologous reactions in ELISA depended on the concentration of antigen, of the IgG used for coating and of the labelled IgG. The IgG preparations used contained 50 to 100 times higher concentration of homologous (serotype-specific) than heterologous (interserotype-specific) antibodies. Such a great difference between the two antibody types accounts for a comparatively high degree of selectivity of the homologous reactions.

Antibodies, Viral↗