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Biomedical subjects

J G Russell

Publications and source records attributed to J G Russell.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

How dangerous are diagnostic X-rays?

A review is made of the assessments of the magnitude of harm arising from diagnostic X-ray exposures. Factors influencing the effect of radiation are described. Financial values are estimated for the harm, both from carcinogenesis and genetic injury. The chance of injury to an individual patient is small and the number and type of examinations should be dictated by the clinical needs of the patient. An X-ray department is a safe place to work.

Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced↗
PubMed1983

Rectal fold thickness as an indicator of disease.

Rectal folds are seen best in the lateral view. Normal values for the thickness of the folds have been established by measuring these in patients with a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome who had no evidence of rectal disease. In severe ulcerative colitis the valves disappear, but they are present earlier in the disease. The first barium enema examination in patients with ulcerative colitis was assessed. When the valve thickness could be measured in these patients it showed values significantly greater than normal. It is uncommon for this finding to be the sole indicator of disease. Patients with Crohn's disease of the rectum showed no increase in the fold thickness. This observation may be helpful in distinguishing between these two forms of colitis.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1981

Chlorthalidone in mild hypertension - dose response relationship.

The dose response curve for 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg doses of chlorthalidone was studied in double blind fashion over an 8 week period in patients who presented with untreated mild hypertension. One hundred and thirty four patients completed this multicentre, family practice study. After 2 week's medication, a decline in blood pressure was noted in all dosage groups and this was maximal by 4 weeks. At 8 weeks all doses of chlorthalidone induced a significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mean -18 and -10 mmHg respectively). Amongst the 4 dosage groups, no differences in response were noted resulting in a flat dose response curve. During the study, mean blood urea and serum uric acid rose whilst serum potassium fell, the urea and potassium being least affected in the 25 mg dosage group. As the dosage of chlorthalidone increased, so the tendency for abnormal laboratory values increased. Unwanted effects sought during the study were relatively few in number. No clear dose response relationship was evident although the positive responses in the 25 mg dosage group were less than in the higher dosages. These results suggest that 25 mg chlorthalidone is the optimum dosage for initiation of therapy in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. This dosage is associated with less adverse biochemical changes and unwanted effects than the higher dosage studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Radiological assessement of fetal growth retardation.

Ultrasonic screening to identify fetuses suffering from intrauterine placental insufficiency will diagnose this condition, but will also produce a large number of false positives. The fetal subcutaneous fat is visible on an antenatal radiograph and is severely reduced with fetal starvation. A method of quantifying the fetal fat is described and the results of this assessment are correlated with the birthweight and maturity at birth. The technique has proved useful in the assessment of suspected fetal starvation, where the diagnosis or its severity is in doubt on clinical assessment.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1980

Intravenous metoprolol and cardiac dysrhythmias. An evaluation in the management of dysrhythmias in outpatient dental anaesthesia.

The use of intravenous metoprolol in a dose of 0.06--0.17 mg/kg body weight proved effective in the treatment of sinus tachycardia in excess of 150 beats/min and/or ventricular dysrhythmias associated with light halothane anaesthesia for outpatient dental surgery. There were no side-effects related to this cardioselective beta-blocker in the dosage used. The prophylactic use of oral metoprolol should be considered for patients who find the prospect of dental treatment a fearsome experience.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A clinical evaluation of isotope scanning, ultrasonography and computed tomography in pancreatic disease.

In a prospective study of 46 patients with suspected pancreatic disease the provisional diagnoses arrived at independently by isotope scanning (IS), ultrasonography (USS) and computed tomography (CT) have been compared. In the control group, IS and CT were associated with a higher false positive rate than USS; The isotope scan was abnormal in most patients with proven chronic pancreatitis and cancer. The results from USS and CT were similar when structural changes were present. USS was superior in diagnosing pancreatic carcinoma and was a convenient means to follow the progression of acute pancreatitis to final resolution or the development of a pseudocyst. CT proved especially useful in accurately delineating cysts, pseudocysts and calculi prior to planning surgery and in assessing disease in contiguous viscera.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1978

Ultrasonic scanning in pancreatic disease.

We have analysed retrospectively the pancreatic ultrasound scans (using a bistable machine) in 138 consecutive patients, and have related the results to the clinical status and the final diagnosis in each case. The scans were read without knowledge of the patient's clinical state. When technically unsatisfactory scans were excluded from consideration, the overall diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography proved to be 82%, with a false positive rate of 8%. The scan was abnormal in all 10 patients with cancer of the pancreas: a positive diagnosis of cancer was made in six. All patients with chronic pancreatitis in relapse had abnormal scans, but in 53% the scans were normal in patients in whom the disease was in clinical remission. In seven patients with chronic pancreatitis who suffered relentless pain, the head of the pancreas was swollen and contained cystic areas or emitted abnormal echoes. In acute pancreatitis ultrasonic scanning proved useful in following the progression of the disease to final resolution, or to development of complicating pseudocyst, abscess, or ascites. Random echoes in the early stages of acute pancreatitis are features of haemorrhagic necrosis. In alcoholic relapsing pancreatitis the persistence of abnormal echoes, disposed linearly along the axis of major ducts, suggests the presence of chronic pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Single dose of two grams of metronidazole for Trichomonas vaginalis infection.

In this study, 243 women with symptomatic trichomonal vaginitis were treated with eight 250 mg. tablets of metronidazole for themselves, and eight tablets were given to each of their male consorts. They were given instructions to ingest "all eight in a row" and "avoid alcohol for 48 hours." Ninety-five per cent of 203 women that returned for re-examination were cured. This single-dose treatment is effective, well tolerated, and less expensive than current recommended dosages.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Longitudinal angulation in coronary arteriography: apparatus and evaluation.

When good visualization of the left coronary artery and proximal branches is difficult, the longitudinally angulated projection has proved useful. An accessory for achieving this angulation with a conventional angiographic table and without sacrificing the advantages of video monitoring and the protection of lead vinyl shielding is described.

Angiography↗