Tolazoline hydrochloride could be hazardous if administered directly into the liver.
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Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury↗
Biomedical subjects
J G Chi
Publications and source records attributed to J G Chi.
Congenital tuberculosis--report of an autopsy case.
An autopsy case of congenital tuberculosis is described in a 41-day-old female infant who was born to a mother having active pulmonary tuberculosis. The primary complex was seen in the liver and portal lymph nodes, and there was a generalized miliary dissemination including lung, liver, spleen, pancreas, adrenals, thyroid, thymus, kidneys, brain, and bowel. The organism was confirmed to be Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The tubercles were histopathologically of various chronicity and characterized by massive caseation and fairly poor peripheral lymphohistiocytic reaction. Giant cell response was also minimal. It should be stressed that although rare, tuberculosis is still an important disease in Korea that can involve fetus or newborn infants if pregnant women are untreated or unnoticed for her tuberculosis.
Female↗
Gastrointestinal manifestations of Henoch-Schönlein purpura.
We report a case of the intestinal lesion in Henoch-Schönlein purpura, presented with an acute abdomen in a 4 year old boy. Five days after sudden colicky abdominal pain, skin purpura and painful joint swelling developed. These manifestations were associated with abdominal distension, hematemesis, hematochezia and hematuria. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a marked bowel distension with edema and patchy dark reddish discoloration of the jejunum and ileum. These patchy areas showed transmural hemorrhage and necrosis associated with characteristic leukocytoclastic vasculitis in and around the hemorrhagic lesions. These vasculitis was thought to be related to Henoch-Schönlein purpura.
Child, Preschool↗
Congenital malignant melanoma--a case report.
Herein reported is a case of congenital malignant melanoma in a premature male baby from a 25-year-old healthy mother who was found to have hydramnios at the 29th week of gestation. The pregnancy was interrupted because of a large posterior neck mass detected by ultrasonography. The large neck mass of the baby was a malignant melanoma involving deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The skin over the mass showed a large area of pigmentation with hairs and the pigmentation involved the occipital scalp and posterior neck. Microscopically, the tumor cells were monotonous and showed polygonal and epithelioid appearance with prominent nucleoli indicative of malignant melanoma of a minimal deviation variety. Neither junctional components nor benign dermal nevus cells were noted. There were no distant metastasis or underlying leptomeningeal melanosis. This tumor is presumed to have developed from either preexisted congenital giant pigmented nevus with loss of benign components or de novo origin.
Abortion, Induced↗
Inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung in a child with mycoplasma pneumonia.
A case of inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung occurring in a six-year-old boy is reported with clinicopathologic findings, including its ultrastructure. The patient had had frequent upper respiratory tract infections, and one and half year before the discovery of the lung mass, he suffered from pneumonia of the right lung, which was serologically proven to be a mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Exploratory thoracotomy revealed a large mediastinal mass that was removed together with the right middle and lower lobes of the lung. The mass arose from the lung with an endobronchial element. Microscopically, the mass was composed of a variety of inflammatory and mesenchymal cells, including plasma cells, histiocytes, lymphocytes, and fibroblast-like spindle cells. Ultrastructurally, the spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells were either fibroblasts or myofibroblasts. At the time of diagnosis of the inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung, the serum titer of antimycoplasma antibody rose again, and the lung parenchyma adjacent to the mass showed interstitial pneumonia with features of bronchiolitis obliterans. The present case suggests that the inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung could be a postinflammatory lesion associated with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
Antibodies, Bacterial↗
Congenital glioblastoma multiforme--report of an autopsy case.
A congenital neoplasm arising in the central nervous system is rarely encountered, and the majority of case reports that have dealt with intracranial tumors have been divided almost equally between teratomas and various gliomas. We experienced a rare case of congenital glioblastoma multiforme encountered in a three day-old male infant who presented with hydrocephalus since birth. Post-mortem examination revealed that the tumor seemed to have originated from the right thalamic region extending centrifugally to the cerebral cortex and through the brain-stem down to the cerebellum.
Autopsy↗
A case of Leigh's disease with initial manifestation of dystonia.
A case of Leigh's disease (subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy) is reported with such noteworthy features as early onset, dystonia, paraparesis the presence of low attenuation areas in both basal ganglias on computerized tomography of the brain and the presence of a high signal intensity in both basal ganglias in T2 weighted image by MR. The electron microscopic findings of muscle biopsy are suggestive of pleoconial mitochondrial myopathy.
Basal Ganglia↗
Primary intimal fibroplasia with multiple aneurysms of renal artery in childhood.
Although fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) rarely occurs, it is the most common cause of renal artery disease in children. Aneurysm formation in FMD is well documented in adults. However, it was rarely described in children, partly because medial fibroplasia with a tendency to aneurysm formation is relatively rare. This report describes a 7-year-old girl with very unusual sets of abnormalities involving the left renal artery. Intimal fibroplasia with multiple small saccular aneurysms was seen. She presented with recent-onset renovascular hypertension, headache and intermittent severe colicky abdominal pain. Angiography revealed multifocal stenosis with multiple aneurysms of the left renal artery. Renal vein renin was twice as high on the involved side than on the contralateral side. After nephrectomy, the hypertension was under control without medication.
Aneurysm↗
An unusual ventricular loop associated with right juxtaposition of the atrial appendages.
We report two autopsied cases of an unusual ventricular loop in hearts with right-sided juxtaposition of the atrial appendages. Case 1 showed usual atrial arrangement, a concordant atrioventricular connexion with a disharmonious ventricular loop showing left-hand topology and double outlet right ventricle with normally related arterial trunks. The atrioventricular connexions were crossing, with the inlet to the left-sided morphologically right ventricle being posterior to that of left ventricle. Mitral hypoplasia and coarctation of the aorta were the associated lesions. The second case showed usual atrial arrangement, a discordant atrioventricular connexion with an imperforate left atrioventricular orifice and double outlet right ventricle with the aorta in the right-sided position. A large right atrium was connected to right-sided morphologically left ventricle. A prominent dimple in the left atrial floor was firmly attached to the hypoplastic right ventricle which was left-sided and anterior. A small but discrete inlet portion of the right ventricle could be traced towards the anteriorly located left atrial dimple. Thus, despite the presence of a discordant atrioventricular connexion with the usual atrial arrangement, there was righ-hand ventricular topology. In each case the inlet component of the ventricular septum was displaced, being to the right in case 1 and anteriorly in case 2. We suggest that the embryologic mechanism producing disharmony between the atrioventricular connexion and the segmental combinations be interpreted on the basis of posterior ventricular looping, since they are best explained on the basis of a hypothetical heart with posteriorly located outflow tracts.
Crisscross Heart↗
Leptospirosis of the lung: radiographic findings in 58 patients.
Leptospirosis is the disease produced by any of the group of spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. The main organs involved are the liver, central nervous system, kidneys, skeletal muscle, and lungs. Thirty-seven (64%) of 58 patients with leptospirosis, proved by positive serology, had pulmonary radiographic findings. Three radiographic patterns were evident: (1) 21 (57%) of the 37 patients had small nodular densities, (2) six (16%) had large confluent areas of consolidation, and (3) 10 (27%) had diffuse, ill-defined, ground-glass density. Serial radiographs showed a tendency for the nodular pattern to be followed by confluent consolidation and/or ground-glass density. Abnormalities were bilateral, nonlobar in all cases, and had a marked tendency toward peripheral predominance. Pulmonary abnormalities resolved within 15 days, except in eight patients who died because of respiratory failure (six patients) or other causes (two patients). In order to correlate pathology with the radiographic findings, Leptospira, isolated from a patient, was injected intraperitoneally into 20 guinea pigs. All lungs from the guinea pigs showed petecheal hemorrhage, which progressed to large confluent areas of hemorrhage. The typical pulmonary radiographic findings of leptospirosis are compatible with the multifocal pulmonary hemorrhage seen in the guinea pigs.
Adult↗
Experimental exencephaly and myeloschisis in rats.
To elucidate the early sequential morphogenetic progress of exencephaly and myeloschisis, rat embryos whose mothers had been treated with hypervitaminosis A were studied at 1-day interval from gestation day 10.5 to 15.5. In exposed animals sequential change was found in both exencephaly and myeloschisis as the embryos grew up. The 10.5-day old exencephalic embryos had still widely open cephalic neural tubes. Exencephalic embryos older than 13.5 days of gestation showed strikingly severe eversion and overgrowth of the cephalic neuroepithelium, thus failed in forming normal primitive brain. The convex dorsal surface of the exencephaly was covered with ependyma, which was connected directly with surrounding surface eqithelium at the periphery. The earliest morphologically recognized myeloschisis was in the 13.5-day old embryos. In myeloschisis, divergence at the roof plate and eversion of the spinal neural tube, disorganized overgrowth of the neuroepithelium, malformed and misplaced spinal ganglia and nerve roots, and absence of the neural arch and dermal covering were characteristic. It is suggested that exencephaly results from failure of the cephalic neural tube closure which is followed by eversion and overgrowth of the neuroepithelium. And failure in closure of the posterior neuropore and disturbance in the development of the tail bud probably play major role in the morphogenesis of myeloschisis.
Animals↗
Histopathologic study on muscle diseases among Koreans (274 muscle biopsy analysis).
All the diagnostic muscle biopsy cases were collected from the file of Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital during June 1976 to December 1978. Slides were reviewed and correlated with clinical informations. Two hundred seventy four cases showed pathological changes, which were classified into six large groups (Table 1). Neurogenic atrophy was most common, 97 cases (35%), including 71 cases of motor neuron disease and 22 cases of peripheral neuropathy. Muscular dystrophy was seen in 92 cases (34%), and Duchenne type was the commonest among them (51 cases). Fifty seven cases showed inflammatory myopathy, making 20% of all cases. There were four cases of congenital myopathy and 13 cases showed various muscle diseases.
Adult↗
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome--report of an autopsy case.
Authors report the first autopsy case of acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Korea. The patient was a 26 years old Korean male who died of respiratory failure due to mixed pulmonary infections. He had history of homosexual contacts with partners of both domestic and foreign nationalities. Initial presentation was unexplained fever for two months. Serological test and western blot test for anti-HIV were positive and T-cell subset analysis revealed T3/T4/T8 to be 73/8/67%. Pulmonary tuberculosis with mediastinal lymphadenopathy and esophagonadal fistula and oral candidiasis were presented. Respiratory infection progressed gradually and he died seven months after the initial symptom. Autopsy findings were generalized severe lymphoid cell depletion, especially of T-cell population and mixed pulmonary infections with Pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus (CMV). The CMV infection involved lungs and adrenals. Oral candidiasis was also demonstrated.
AIDS-Related Complex↗
Central nervous system tumors among Koreans--a statistical study on 697 cases.
A total of 697 cases of intracranial and intraspinal tumors was obtained from the pathology file of Seoul National University Hospital and Children's Hospital during the period of 8 years from 1980 to 1987. These tumors were classified according to WHO classification. This study was performed to understand the recent trend of the relative frequency of the central nervous system tumors among Koreans and to compare it with the previous studies in Korea and other countries. There were 663 intracranial tumors and 34 intraspinal tumors. More common intracranial tumors were pituitary adenoma, meningioma, astrocytoma and medulloblastoma, each representing 23.4%, 20.8%, 11.8%, and 5.6%, respectively. In juvenile age group (under 15 years of age), medulloblastoma, astrocytoma, ependymoma and craniopharyngioma were more commonly encountered to be 25.6%, 21.6%, 13.6% and 12%, respectively. Both sexes were equally affected among adult group, but male preponderance was observed among juvenile group (1.49:1). Nine cases of primitive neuroectodermal tumor, a unique tumor which is not listed in WHO classification, were observed and all of them occurred before the age of 20. There were 27 metastatic tumors. Our previous study encompassing previous 17 years, 1963 to 1979, showed similar overall results except for intraspinal tumors that were more commonly encountered in previous series.
Adult↗
Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) with 'ragged red fibers'--a case report.
Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by slowly progressive paralysis of extraocular muscles. We report a male patient who had a 20 year history of CPEO. Histological examination of left deltoid muscle showed characteristic ragged red fibers. Electron microscopy revealed a number of abnormal mitochondria which contain paracrystalline inclusion bodies.
Biopsy↗
Telangiectatic osteosarcoma--a case report.
Telangiectatic osteosarcoma is a rare and special variant of osteogenic sarcoma with distinct radiologic, gross and microscopic features. This tumor is predominantly lytic, destructive tumor without sclerosis on roentgenogram, and is soft and cystic on gross examination. Histologically aneurysmally dilated spaces lined or traversed by stromal cells producing osteoid are noted. This report concerns a case of telangiectatic osteosarcoma occurring in a 7 years old boy. He presented with pathologic fracture of the right distal tibia, followed by a purely lytic lesion on X-ray examination. This lesion recurred five times during a span of one year. Microscopic features of the biopsy specimen was difficult to differentiate from aneurysmal bone cyst because of prominant blood-filled cyst formation. It was finally identified as osteosarcoma from the below-knee amputation specimen through the close examination for anaplastic osteoid-producing stromal cells in the septa that separate the blood cysts.
Aneurysm↗
Multiple rhabdomyoma of the heart presenting with a congenital supraventricular tachycardia--report of case with ultrastructural study.
A case of congenital rhabdomyoma of the heart in a 5-month-old Korean infant is described. The patient presented with a congenital supraventricular tachyarrhymia that was detected in utero by fetal sonography. The tumor was multiple, but no obvious association with tuberous sclerosis complex was demonstrated. Microscopic examination revealed classic "spider cells" with rich glycogen content. Ultrastructurally, the cells contained numerous leptofibrils, clumped Z band material, and desmosome-like cell junctions. The case is a second documented case of cardiac rhabdomyoma in this country, and its presentation as an etiological factor of supraventricular tachycardia is a very unusual manifestation.
Female↗
Clear-cell chondrosarcoma--a case report.
Clear-cell chondrosarcoma, a recently specified entity, is a low-grade malignant tumor and has characteristic clinical, roentgenographic and pathologic findings which separate it from conventional chondrosarcoma and other benign tumors. Therefore, correct diagnosis is important from the viewpoint of both prognosis and therapeutic approach. We report a case of typical recurrent clear-cell chordirosarcoma. Typical round cells with clear cytoplasm, large nuclei, and small nucleoli were wellnoted. The clear cytoplasm was faintly positive in PAS staining. Electronmicroscopic study showed that these cells were of chondroid origin, showing indented nuclei, large dilated endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, bundles of actin-like filaments and a few glycogen particles.
Chondrosarcoma↗