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Biomedical subjects

J Friedman

Publications and source records attributed to J Friedman.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Reconstruction of the perineum.

Defects of the perineal area commonly occur following ablative procedures for gynecological, urological, and colorectal malignancies. A coordinated approach between the surgical oncologist and the reconstructive surgeon is necessary in order to achieve appropriate results in these patients. Consideration of both form and function is essential and must be planned for. A variety of reconstructive procedures, including skin grafts, local skin flaps, various myocutaneous and fasciocutaneous flaps and, in rare situations, free tissue transfers, are used in the closure of these wounds. An algorithm for the selection of these various procedures is presented so that uncomplicated wound healing can be achieved and functional results can be optimized. Semin. Surg. Oncol. 19:282-293, 2000.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plantar flap reconstruction for acral lentiginous melanoma.

BACKGROUND: Acral lentiginous melanoma continues to be difficult to diagnose despite an overall trend toward early identification of smaller and thin lesions. The insidious nature of this lesion often precludes primary closure of the surgical defect once it is excised, adding to the reconstructive complexity. Local flaps on the plantar foot offer an option for reconstruction when the defect is of intermediate size. METHODS: Eight patients (5 men and 3 women, with an average age of 58 years) who underwent plantar flap reconstruction for defects isolated to the weight-bearing heel were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The average depth of the melanoma was 2.82 mm. Surgical margins were 2 cm or less in seven of the eight patients. Partial flap necrosis occurred in one patient, and loss of part or all of the skin grafts was noted in two patients. Currently five patients are alive with no evidence of disease. CONCLUSION: The plantar flap can provide local well-vascularized tissue for weight-bearing areas where skin grafting alone may not be appropriate. Coverage of these areas with well-padded flaps led to ambulation in all of the patients studied. We believe this flap offers durable coverage for medium-sized defects in acral lentiginous melanoma.

Female↗
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Chromium chloride induces chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes via indirect action.

The aim of this study was to examine the possible clastogenic effects of trivalent chromium chloride (CrCl3) as the results in the literature are non-conclusive. Under the conditions used in this study Cr(III) induces chromosomal aberrations in phytohemagglutinin(PHA)-stimulated human lymphocytes. This activity, however, is suppressed by the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) (scavenger of O-.2), the SOD-like agents, catalase and mannitol (specific scavenger of OH.). The possibility that oxygen free radicals could evolve through stimulation of the arachidonic acid cascade is suggested using suitable inhibitors.

5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plants used for the treatment of diabetes in Israel.

In an extensive ethnobotanical survey (130 informants) of the medicinal plants of Israel, 16 species were found to be used for hypoglycaemic treatments. The list includes Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch.-Bip, Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam, Atriplex halimus L., Capparis spinosa L., Ceratonia siliqua L., Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Del., Eryngium creticum Lam., Inula viscosa (L.) Ait., Matricaria aurea (Loefl.) Sch.-Bip, Origanum syriaca L., Paronychia argentea Lam, Prosopis farcta (Banks et Sol.) Macbride, Salvia fruticosa Mill., Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) Sp., and Teucrium polium L.; eight of them (marked with an asterisk) are first recorded here as used for this purpose.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fast technetium 99m-labeled sestamibi gated single-photon emission computed tomography for evaluation of myocardial function.

BACKGROUND: This study assesses the feasibility of 99mTc-labeled sestamibi electrocardiographic gated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with a short acquisition time (6.7 minutes, "fast" gated SPECT) for the evaluation of stress myocardial perfusion and poststress myocardial function. Simultaneous assessment of stress perfusion and poststress function is possible with standard gated SPECT acquisition (19.3 minutes) of stress-injected sestamibi. Sestamibi gated SPECT can be used to evaluate regional wall motion (RWM), thickening, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF); the feasibility of fast gated SPECT has not been evaluated previously. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty patients were studied who underwent treadmill exercise, sestamibi injection (25 to 30 mCi), and standard gated SPECT 15 minutes after exercise, immediately followed by fast gated SPECT. All patients underwent rest 201Tl SPECT before exercise testing. All studies were analyzed by semiquantitative visual scoring. Both standard and fast gated SPECT were read for stress perfusion and poststress wall motion and thickening, dividing the left ventricle into 20 segments, on a 5-point scale described previously. The measurement of LVEF used a previously described automatic algorithm. Average myocardial counts per pixel were 58 +/- 19 for standard gated SPECT and 13 +/- 4 for fast gated SPECT (p = 0.0001). Heart/lung ratio was 10.2 +/- 4.8 for regular gated SPECT and 10.3 +/- 5.7 for fast gated SPECT (difference not significant). Perfusion analysis showed exact agreement in 92% of the segments (kappa = 0.76; p < 0.01). Correlation between LVEFs measured from standard and fast gated SPECT was 0.94. Analysis of 998 segments (two segments were uninterpretable) showed exact agreement in 96% (kappa = 0.89; p < 0.001) for RWM and 94% (kappa = 0.83; p < 0.001) for thickening between standard and fast gated SPECT. In 225 segments with abnormal RWM and 189 segments with abnormal thickening by both standard and fast gated SPECT, exact agreements were 0.92 for RWM (kappa = 0.90; p < 0.001) and 0.87 for thickening (kappa = 0.80; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that fast sestamibi gated SPECT is feasible and yields results equivalent to those of standard sestamibi gated SPECT with respect to left ventricular regional and global function.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of post-stress ejection fraction and relative left ventricular volumes by automatic analysis of gated myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography acquired in the supine and prone positions.

BACKGROUND: We have previously described an automatic method for measuring left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) for myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The repeatability of this method has not been previously described. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study compares LVEF and relative end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes assessed from myocardial perfusion SPECT by our automatic method in 180 consecutive patients undergoing gated myocardial perfusion SPECT with injection of 99mTc-labeled sestamibi in whom the acquisitions were performed sequentially in supine and prone positions. The algorithm operated completely automatically in the prone and supine positions in 178 of the 180 patients. Very high correlations were observed for LVEF (r = 0.93), relative left ventricular end-systolic volume (r = 0.98), and relative left ventricular end-diastolic volume (r = 0.97). The mean paired absolute difference between LVEFs in the prone and supine position was 3.8+/-3.2, for left ventricular end-systolic volume was 4.9+/-4.8 ml, and for left ventricular end-diastolic volume was 7.4+/-6.7 ml. When patients were classified by the extent and severity of stress perfusion defect, there was no significant difference in repeatability for the measurements in any category. CONCLUSIONS: Our algorithm for automatic quantification of LVEF and relative end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes from gated 99mTc sestamibi myocardial perfusion SPECT is repeatable. When performed in the prone position, values of ejection fractions and ventricular volumes are essentially identical to those obtained in the supine position.

Adult↗
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Capillary endothelial cells express basic fibroblast growth factor, a mitogen that promotes their own growth.

Angiogenesis, the formation of new capillaries, which is observed in embryonic and injured tissue and is particularly prominent in the vicinity of solid tumours, involves the migration and proliferation of capillary endothelial cells. It is probably triggered by agents, such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), thought to be released from tissues adjacent to proliferating capillaries. As well as being a potent inducer of cell division in capillary endothelial cells in vitro, bFGF can act as an angiogenic agent in vivo. It is present in a wide variety of richly vascularized tissues including brain, pituitary, retina, adrenal gland, kidney, corpus luteum, placenta and various tumours. So far, however, the normal bFGF-producing cell species in these tissues have not been identified. We report here that capillary endothelial cells express the bFGF gene, that they produce and release bFGF and that bFGF derived from them can stimulate the proliferation of capillary endothelial cells. We conclude that bFGF can act as a self-stimulating growth factor for capillary endothelial cells, and that it is possible that the formation of new capillaries is induced by capillary endothelial cells themselves.

Animals↗
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The convergence of neuropsychological testing and clinical ratings of cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia.

This study examined the relationship between clinical rating of cognitive symptoms and performance on neuropsychological tests in acute and chronic samples of patients with schizophrenia. Two separate studies examined patients who varied widely in their lifetime functional outcome, including 263 elderly poor-outcome inpatients and 20 acutely admitted patients. In the first study, six cognitive performance measures were collected, and in the second study, five different measures were collected. Correlations with different symptom models of cognitive and negative symptoms were examined. In both samples, cognitive symptoms were never more highly correlated with cognitive test performance than with negative symptoms. When cognitive and negative symptom ratings were combined, they never accounted for as much as half of the variance in performance on the cognitive tests in both samples. These data suggest that clinical assessment of symptoms is not a viable alternative to neuropsychological testing to obtain information about cognitive functioning in schizophrenia. These results may also be specific to the clinical rating scale used, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regulation, emotionality, and preschoolers' socially competent peer interactions.

In this study, the relations of regulatory control to the qualities of children's everyday peer interactions were examined. Effortful control (EC) and observations of peer interactions were obtained from 135 preschoolers (77 boys and 58 girls, mean ages = 50.88 and 50.52, respectively). The results generally confirmed the prediction that children who are high in EC were relatively unlikely to experience high levels of negative emotional arousal in response to peer interactions, but this relation held only for moderate to high intense interactions. Socially competent responding was less likely to be observed when the interaction was intense or when negative emotions were elicited. Moreover, when the interactions were of high intensity, highly regulated children were likely to evidence socially competent responses. The relation of EC and intensity to social competence was partially mediated by negative emotional arousal. The results support the conclusion that individual differences in regulation interact with situational factors in influencing young children's socially competent responding.

Arousal↗
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An unusual presentation of incontinentia pigmenti in a 4-month-old girl.

A four month old girl initially presented with a crusted nodule on her right index finger. Evaluation was unremarkable for infectious causes or malignancy. She ultimately developed similar hyperkeratotic plaques and papules of the right hand and ultimately linear hyperpigmented patches of her arms and legs. The diagnosis of Incontinentia Pigmenti (IP) was then made. The diagnosis of IP and the differential diagnosis of IP-like lesions is presented.

Administration, Topical↗
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Cellular and humoral mechanisms in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial nephritis.

Brown-Norway (BN) rats immunized with renal medulla from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats developed a renal lesion characterized by focal interstitial and perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates without glomerular involvement. The cellular infiltrates were extracted from the affected kidneys and determined to consist of monocytes 64 +/- 4% (mean +/- S.D.) and T cells 2 +/- 9%. IgG antibodies directed at tubular basement membrane and tubular cell antigens were found in the affected kidneys and in circulation. Sera of immunized rats were used in in vitro studies to determine the presence of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). In the CDC there was cytolysis of SD kidney and spleen cells but not BN kidney cells. In the ADCC there was significant lysis of BN kidney cells as well as SD kidney cells. Antibodies have been raised in the immunized rats against major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens as well as against autologous tubular cells. The finding of monocytes bearing Fc receptors among the infiltrating cells, as well as antibodies that can function in an ADCC indicates the presence of a combined immune effector mechanism that might be operative in tubulointerstitial nephritis.

Animals↗