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Biomedical subjects

J Flammer

Publications and source records attributed to J Flammer.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The influence of alcohol on the outcome of automated static perimetry.

It is well known that perimetric findings fluctuate within a single examination. There is additional fluctuation between perimetric examinations. The cause of this fluctuation is not yet fully understood, but such things as changes in attention, patient cooperation, or drugs have been discussed. To study such possible factors, we carried out perimetry on subjects who had consumed alcohol and who had not. The results indicate that alcohol, at a blood concentration of approximately 0.08%, barely influences the results of static automated perimetry. Differential light sensitivity remained unchanged by alcohol at all eccentricities tested. A decrease in the ability to cooperate was manifested by a significant higher score of false-positives in catch trials. There was also a tendency toward an increase in false-negative responses in catch trials, an increase in the number of stimuli presentations required, and higher short-term fluctuation. Lack of the influence of alcohol on the differential light threshold does not necessarily mean that alcohol has no influence on visual function. It indicates, however, that differential light sensitivity, as measured with the automated perimeter Octopus, is not influenced by moderate alcohol ingestion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The concept of visual field indices.

Statistical methods for the evaluation of quantitative visual fields are presented in addition to a mathematical description of the calculation of different visual field indices. The "mean defect" is important for diffuse damage as well as for follow-up in advanced stages. "Short-term fluctuation" provides information about the reliability of the results as well as about possible early damage. "Corrected loss variance" quantifies local defects in an early stage; it also separates real local defects from increased scatter. "Skewness" is a test for very early local defects, and "spatial correlation" provides a measurement of the clustering of any local defects that may be present.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Influence of pindolol and timolol treatment on the visual fields of glaucoma patients.

In a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-masked study of glaucoma patients, visual fields, intraocular pressures, blood pressures, and pulse rates were measured after a 4-week wash-out period and after three and six months of treatment with either pindolol 1% or timolol 0.5% twice daily. Both drugs reduced significantly the IOP. The blood pressure was not changed significantly whereas the pulse rate was reduced more in the timolol treated group than in the pindolol treated group. The visual fields of the pindolol group showed on the average a slight tendency towards improvement and in the timolol treated group a very slight tendency for deterioration. The difference between these two trends was statistically significant (p less than 0.05).

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1986

Optic neuropathy of Graves' disease. A report of a perimetric follow-up.

Endocrine ophthalmopathy is one of the most common space occupying lesions of the orbit. The optic nerve can be involved to varying degrees in the disease. Marked optic neuropathy may be found in cases with normal visual acuity and normal optic nerve head. Perimetry is, therefore, recommended to diagnose or rule out a neuropathy. A case report will demonstrate that a quick screening perimetry with the Octopus program 07 allows a diagnosis and follow-up of the neuropathy. It is helpful in deciding on therapeutic measures and permits a safe monitoring of the therapeutic effect during the treatment period. The case further demonstrates a very quick recovery of the visual field following radiotherapy.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1985

Quantification of glaucomatous visual field defects with automated perimetry.

A method to quantify different glaucomatous visual field defects is presented. Three visual field indices are calculated: the short-term fluctuation, the mean defect, and the corrected loss variation. The method was applied to visual fields tested with program JO on the Octopus automated perimeter. The indices of 130 glaucoma suspects and 50 glaucoma patients were compared with 100 normal controls. The indices provide good detectability of visual field defects and easy follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Correlation between color vision scores and quantitative perimetry in suspected glaucoma.

The mean differential threshold, studied on the Octopus perimeter, and color vision, estimated by the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test, were studied in glaucoma suspects and patients with questionable early field defects. The results of both tests were significantly correlated. The color vision scores correlated with the central, paracentral, and midperipheral parts of the visual field. This result suggests that both functions are disturbed in glaucoma and that the disturbance may be present diffusely throughout the visual field.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Differential light threshold. Short- and long-term fluctuation in patients with glaucoma, normal controls, and patients with suspected glaucoma.

In the diagnosis and evaluation of progression of chronic open-angle glaucoma, a quantitative comparison of visual fields is important for which a knowledge of the spontaneous fluctuation of the visual field is essential. This study shows that in patients with glaucoma, the components of the short- and long-term fluctuation are substantially greater than in patients without the disease. Patients with suspected glaucoma show fluctuation in between, and all components of the fluctuation are greater in them than in normals and smaller than in patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Differential Threshold↗
PubMed1984

Differential light threshold in automated static perimetry. Factors influencing short-term fluctuation.

The scatter of the differential light threshold observed during a single visual field test is called the short-term fluctuation. A number of factors that may influence the magnitude of the short-term fluctuation were studied. The main factor was the level of the differential light sensitivity itself, followed by the rate of false responses in the catch trials. The pupil size was only notable in patients with glaucoma, while age as well as the mean reaction time did not appear to be notable. The short-term fluctuation is not dependent on the location in the visual field up to 27 degrees of eccentricity degrees tested in normal subjects and patients suspected of having glaucoma, but there is a slight tendency in patients with glaucoma for a larger short-term fluctuation in the upper half of the visual field.

Differential Threshold↗
PubMed1984

Covariates of the long-term fluctuation of the differential light threshold.

The scatter of the differential light threshold has a short-term and a long-term component. Although these components are significantly positively correlated, the relationship is not strong enough to accurately predict in an individual patient the long-term fluctuation from the short-term fluctuation. The reversible variation of the retinal sensitivity with time is statistically related to the temporal variation of the short-term scatter, to the variation in reaction time, and probably to the variation in the intraocular pressure.

Differential Threshold↗
PubMed1984

[Reproducibility of perimetric study results].

Theoretical and experimental aspects of the reproducibility of visual fields in static automated perimetry are described. Special emphasis was placed on factors which could potentially influence reproducibility, such as cooperation, the patient's age and the size of his/her pupils, learning and fatigue effects, the depth of scotomas and the influence of drugs.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of grid orientation of interference patterns on contrast sensitivity in white and colored light].

The contrast sensitivity of 34 healthy eyes and 32 suspected of having glaucoma was measured at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 cycles/degree with vertical, oblique and horizontal interference fringes. These were produced by the Haag-Streit Visometer as modified by Lotmar with an additional device for contrast variation. At all frequencies, maximum contrast sensitivities were found for vertical gratings. However, there was a tendency for oblique gratings to show relatively low contrast sensitivities at high spatial frequencies; the same applied for horizontal gratings at low frequencies. The effect of stimulus orientation was similar for white, red, green and blue light.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effect of acetazolamide on the differential threshold.

Following the oral administration of three 250-mg doses of acetazolamide sodium to nine patients with glaucomatous visual-field defects, a statistically significant improvement in the differential threshold was observed, whereas in 16 glaucoma suspects, no change could be detected. The greatest improvements following acetazolamide administration occurred in younger patients and in those with the greatest disturbances of the visual field.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1983

JO and STATJO: programs for investigating the visual field with the Octopus automatic perimeter.

In evaluating the effectiveness of glaucoma therapy the visual field is the most important consideration. Comparison of visual fields is difficult, however, and only large changes are detectable with the methods of manual perimetry currently used. Two programs created for use with the Octopus automatic perimeter are described in this paper. One of the programs, called JO, is sensitive to small changes in threshold; the other, called STATJO, calculates means and converts the results to a form suitable for statistical evaluation.

Computers↗
PubMed1982

Subclinical visual field defects in multiple sclerosis. Demonstration and quantification with automated perimetry, and comparison with visually evoked potentials.

Fourteen patients with definite but inactive multiple sclerosis (MS) and 17 normal controls were examined with the automated perimeter octopus. Most of the patients had subclinical visual field defects, typically consisting of patchy, shallow scotomata located mostly in an area of between 15 degrees and 30 degrees eccentricity. In 8 patients, more than 15% of the tested visual field of at least one eye was abnormal. The severity and extent of the defects was unrelated to a history of optic neuritis. When visually evoked potentials (VEPs) of these subjects were examined using a reversing pattern, no correlation was found in the MS patients between prolonged VEP latencies and the location, depth or extent of visual field defects. Since subclinical visual field defects may be found in MS patients with normal VEP latencies, automated perimetry can be helpful in diagnosing some cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Bronchoconstrictive side effects of timolol eye drops in patients with obstructive lung disease].

A double-blind crossover study in seven patients with glaucoma and obstructive lung disease revealed a considerable and significant bronchoconstrictive side effect on topically administered timolol maleat. Comparative treatment of these patients with an ophthalmic solution containing 3% carbachol did not yield a statistically significant bronchial reaction. However, the observation of serious lung function impairment in three patients suggests that carbachol is not a safe alternative for the treatment of glaucoma in patients with obstructive lung disease. Whenever a deterioration of airway obstruction occurs in elderly patients, or bronchial asthma becomes manifest late in life, topically administered beta-adrenergic-receptor blocking and cholinergic agents must be considered causative factors: optimal communication between all physicians caring for glaucoma patients is an essential prerequisite.

Aged↗