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Biomedical subjects

J Flammer

Publications and source records attributed to J Flammer.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[The Bebié curve (cumulative defect curve) for differentiating local and diffuse visual field defects].

Damage to the visual field can be diffuse as well as local. In the absence of local defects, diffuse damage can easily be recognized with the help of the visual field indices. In the presence of scotomas, diffuse damage in the remaining part of the visual field which is better or "normal" is more difficult to recognize and quantify. Bebié et al. have published a new method of assessing the visual field in relation to normal values. They present the results with a cumulative defect curve, a method which we have called the "Bebié curve". This method allows an easy recognition of diffuse as well as local damage. In our study we evaluate the clinical application of the Bebíe curve in different diseases and for the follow-up of the visual field.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1989

Local cooling test for clinical capillaroscopy in Raynaud's phenomenon, unstable angina, and vasospastic visual disorders.

A local cooling test produces a typical flow stop reaction in nailfold capillaries in 88% of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon, but only in 15% of healthy controls. A stop reaction occurred in 9 of 12 patients with Prinzmetal variant angina, exceeding significantly that in 2 of 12 matched control subjects. Also in patients with reversible visual disorders presumably due to vasospasm, the test resulted in a stop reaction in 16 of 25 cases exceeding that in control. In both of these patient groups the cooling test as well as the symptoms reacted favorably to nifedipine. Thus, the local cold exposure test appears to be useful for objective clinical examination not only of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon but also of patients with vasospastic syndromes such as variant angina and visual disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Quantifying visual field damage caused by cataract.

We studied the influence of cataracts on visual fields in 36 eyes of 36 patients before and after cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. Lens opacity was quantified with a slit-lamp system. The influence of cataracts on the visual fields was slightly but statistically significantly larger in the central than in the midperipheral region. Lens opacity had a high correlation with the visual field changes and moderate but still significant correlation with changes in visual acuity. Measurement of stray light back scattered from the cataractous lens allowed prediction of the influence of cataract on the visual field.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[The use of calcium antagonists in the treatment of ocular circulation symptoms in the framework of a vasospastic syndrome].

In a number of patients with etiologically unexplained visual field loss, a vasospastic syndrome was found with the aid of capillaroscopic local cooling test on the fingers. After therapy with calcium entry blockers the visual field of the patients with vasospastic syndrome underwent a marked and statistically significant improvement. The control group showed a slight but statistically insignificant tendency towards improvement.

Calcium Channel Blockers↗
PubMed1988

Retests in static perimetry.

A large pool of visual field data measured with the JO program on the Octopus automated perimeter was used to compare the outcomes of simulated selective retests to those of global retests. Compared to global retesting, with selective retesting an increase in the mean sensitivity and a decrease in the number of pathological test locations were found on the average. We conclude that global retests should be preferred to selective ones so that the perimetric results are not falsified.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

The relationship between digital and ocular vasospasm.

The study evaluates whether ocular vasospasms, as determined by visual field tests, are related to a patient history of cold hands and to microscopic findings of the nailfold capillaries. The visual fields of patients with ocular vasospasms may deteriorate after exposing one hand to cold water and may improve after administration of nifedipine. Local cooling of the fingers of patients with vasospastic tendencies results in a significant reduction of capillary blood flow, typically down to a standstill of several seconds. The study reveals a statistically significant relationship between a patient history of cold hands and both the outcome of the perimetric and capillaroscopic tests. Furthermore, the perimetric results correlated significantly with the capillaroscopic results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Spatial brightness contrast sensitivity measured with white, green, red and blue light.

Grating contrast sensitivity was measured using different colors and different grating orientations. The contrast sensitivity was highest when measured with green light, a little less when measured with red light, and lowest with blue light. The contrast sensitivity with blue light was relatively low compared with green and red light for high spatial frequencies, and relatively high for low spatial sensitivities. The so-called 'oblique effect' was confirmed in this study, but a difference between horizontal and oblique gratings was only found in spatial frequencies higher than 18 cycles/degree. The present study, carried out on 20 persons, suggests that the inter- and intraindividual components of variance are smallest when measured with green light and vertically oriented gratings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Influence of age on the transparency of the lens in normals: a population study with help of the Lens Opacity Meter 701.

The Lens Opacity Meter 701 measures the lens density quantifying the back light scatter of the lens. The instrument emits a modulated dark-red beam which runs along the optic axis of the lens. The stray light is converted into an electrical impulse which is displayed and printed using a numerical scale. The lens density in a normal population was investigated with this instrument in order to study the influence of age on the opacification process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Short-term influence of alcohol on spatial brightness contrast sensitivity.

The present crossover, controlled study demonstrates that alcohol at a blood concentration of approximately 0.08% reduces the contrast sensitivity (p less than 0.001). The mean contrast sensitivity was 15.03 dB in the control measurements and 14.39 dB in the measurements with alcohol. Brightness contrast sensitivity was measured with white, green, red and blue light, in this sequence. Therefore, the test design may present time effects as well as 'color effects'. The mean decrease in contrast sensitivity was with white light -1.26 dB, with green light -0.88 dB and with red light -0.57 dB. Contrast sensitivity tested with blue light showed even a slight increase with alcohol (+0.12 dB). The time interval between alcohol consumption and the test was important (p less than 0.001). The mean decrease in contrast sensitivity with alcohol in subjects with a short interval of 40 min was less reduced (-0.3 dB) than in subjects with a long interval of 60 min (-0.98 dB). In summary, at moderate doses of alcohol, contrast sensitivity is only moderately decreased and this decrease depends on the time between alcohol consumption and the test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Influence of vasospasm on visual function.

In a number of patients with etiologically unexplained visual field loss, a vasospastic syndrome could be found with the help of a capillaroscopic local cooling test on the fingers. In the patients with proven vasospastic syndrome, the visual field defects were increased after a cold water test and decreased after a therapy with calcium entry blockers. General aspects of the physiology and pathophysiology of the circulation and especially of the circulation in the eye are presented.

Calcium Channel Blockers↗
PubMed1987

The relationship between the visual field and the optic nerve head in glaucomas.

In a retrospective study of 50 eyes with chronic open-angle glaucoma we compared the findings obtained using stereochronoscopy (Sc), papillometry (Pm) and visual-field measurements. We found relationship between the neuroretinal-rim area and the visual-field findings measured using the Octopus glaucoma program, G1. There was only a weak relationship between the Sc findings and the visual-field measurements. This suggests that Sc detects a type of damage that is not detectable either using Pm or by visual-field examinations. Our results also suggest that quantitative perimetry detects the same kind of damage as that revealed by Pm. The neuroretinal-rim area was best correlated with short-term fluctuation, but was also very significantly correlated with mean damage and corrected loss variance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Lens opacity meter: a new instrument to quantify lens opacity.

The lens opacity meter, a new instrument for quantifying the lens opacity, is described. The basic concept is the measurement of stray light produced by the lens. The measurement can be performed without dilating the pupil. A modulation of the light source renders the measurement insensitive to the surrounding light. The handling of the instrument is very simple. It is mounted on a slitlamp-like table. After adjusting the instrument to the eye, the measurement is initiated by depressing a console button.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Influence of age on the visual fields of normal subjects.

We studied the influence of age on the results of automated static perimetry in 203 eyes of 153 healthy volunteers tested with an automated perimeter. Differential light sensitivity decreases markedly with age and this decrease starts at the age of 20 years or less and continues more or less linearly during life. The decrease in sensitivity differs at different test locations. Age influences the upper half of the visual field to a larger extent than the lower half; the periphery and the center are more influenced than the pericentric area.

Adolescent↗