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Biomedical subjects

J Fischer

Publications and source records attributed to J Fischer.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Duration of complete response to chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer.

Twenty-seven patients with advanced breast cancer with complete response (CR) to chemotherapy have been analysed and observed for up to 8 years. Median time to attainment of CR was 8.1 months (range, 1-19.5) and median duration of CR was 27.5 months (1-97 + months). Most (16) recurrences occurred in the first 2 years. In 12 patients (63%) relapse was at sites initially involved. No clear relationship between the duration of CR and a variety of prognostic factors or the dose of cytotoxic drugs given was found, although there was a tendency to longer duration of CR when fewer sites were involved. The presence of visceral disease did not preclude a prolonged CR. It seems that despite some patients surviving many years, relapse is inevitable and cure of the disease is unlikely with presently available chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Ontogenetic development of rhythmic thalamo-cortical phenomena in the rat.

Three rhythmic cortical phenomena (rhythmic after-discharges, incremental responses and self-sustained after-discharges formed by spike-and-wave rhythm) were elicited by electrical stimulation of thalamic nuclei during ontogenesis in rats. All three phenomena could be recorded for the first time at the age of 12 days and they matured until the 18th postnatal day. Possible explanation for the delayed development of these rhythmic thalamo-cortical phenomena in comparison with single thalamo-cortical responses are discussed.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Changes in the structure of the rat hippocampus after prolonged postnatal hypoxia.

The authors compare the structure of the pyramidal neurones in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in rats repeatedly exposed to aerogenic hypoxia from birth to the age of 17 days and in control animals. In preparations from 18-day-old animals impregnated by the Colgi-Cox method the length of the dendrites and the density of the spines were quantitatively evaluated together with the shape of the spines at various segments of the dendritic tree. After hypoxia the number of dendritic fibres compared with the controls was smaller in the region of the basal dendrites (P less than 0.01) and in the preterminal and terminal branches of the apical dendrites (P less than 0.05). Spine density after hypoxia was lower than in the controls on the basal dendrites (P less than 0.01) and, except for the terminal part, on the apical dendrites (P less than 0.01). The dendritic spines of experimental animals were found to be short, club-shaped and thick, while in the controls they were long, thin and sometimes branched. Prolonged postnatal hypoxia discernibly interfered with the process of formation of the microstructure of the hippocampus. Uneven restriction of the receptive field of the neurones and the suggested alteration in the transmitting characteristics of the spines might be the cause of some of the functional changes previously described in animals after hypoxia.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Ultrastructural changes in cortical synapses shortly after termination of a seizure during kindling.

Repeated electrical stimulation of the sensorimotor region of the rat cerebral cortex at 10-min intervals led to progressive lengthening of the self-sustained after-discharges (SSAD). 50-60 s after termination of the third SSAD we examined, in the electron microscope, type I synapses (after Gray) in the second cortical layer of the sensorimotor region of the contralateral hemisphere. In the experimental animals we demonstrated swelling of both the pre- and post-synaptic elements, a decrease in the number of agranular synaptic vesicles and variability of their shape and size. Frequent manifestations of exo- and endocytic activity and a frequent incidence of complex vesicles have been described. Saccular dilatation of the space between the outer and inner mitochondrial membrane in the presynaptic terminal and dilatation of the terminal cisternae and extracellular space occurred. Alteration of the spine apparatus was observed in the postsynaptic elements. At the margin of the active zone we described simultaneous invagination of the pre- and postsynaptic membrane up to the formation of rounded structures with two concentric membranes. The changes in the synapses are conceived as signs of exhaustion due to the previous epileptic seizure, which on the other hand, activated the restitution mechanisms of the structure of the synaptic apparatus.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[The etiology, course and prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy].

UNLABELLED: In order to study the etiology, the clinical course and the prognosis of patients with DCM, clinical, morphological (endomyocardial catheter biopsy), angiographic and hemodynamic data of patients with DCM were studied. The total number of patients was 396. In 258 patients definite DCM was diagnosed, in 138 patients DCM was suspected, e.g., because of an additional history of alcoholism. ETIOLOGY: In no case acute subacute or chronic myocarditis was found in myocardial biopsies (n = 114) and at autopsy (n = 18). However, from the history strong evidence was obtained for DCM being the late stage of diphtheric heart disease predominantly among patients with complete left bundle branch block. As far as the alcoholic etiology is concerned, the only significant difference between DCM and alcoholic heart disease was a higher proportion of women among patients with DCM (28% and 5%, resp.). Clinical course and prognosis: 221 patients were studied prospectively (mean follow-up time 3.1 +/- 2.3 years), 44% of patients died or deteriorated. However, in patients with normal cardiothoracic ratio this rate amounted only to 12%. The mean annual mortality rate was 9.8% and varied significantly in relation to different subsets of patients from 0% to 17%. A bad prognosis was significantly indicated by young age, high cardiothoracic ratio, pronounced elevation of enddiastolic volume index and of left ventricular enddiastolic pressure at rest and of mean pulmonary artery pressure at exercise, by severe morphologic changes of myocardial biopsies, severe ventricular arrhythmias, the absence of transient abnormal elevation of arterial blood pressure during follow up, of complete left bundle branch block and of a positive history of diphtheria. However, the wide scatter of data diminished the significance of them for the definite prognostic evaluation of individual case. The cumulative survival curves of patients with a history of alcohol abuse did not differ from that of patients with DCM. The data demonstrate that DCM in patients with the history of diphtheria together with left bundle branch block is possible caused by an inflammatory process. According to the analysis of the clinical course and the prognosis, DCM is one of the most severe heart disease. However, in different subsets of patients, the clinical course may be stable for long time and even normal longevity cannot be excluded.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[The pathogenetic importance of peanut lectin binding sites in infectious, toxic and neoplastic processes].

Labelled lectins are generally used for identification of mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides in histochemistry. The aim of this work is to demonstrate in addition the importance of the labelled (FITC and peroxidase) lectin from peanut (peanut agglutinin = PNA) with regard to the pathogenesis of some infectious and neoplastic diseases. Thereby, PNA-binding sites have been shown as differentiation marker in embryonic kidneys and in dysontogenetic.

Arachis↗
PubMed1982

Fecal blood loss in patients with colonic polyps: a comparison of measurements with 51chromium-labeled erythrocytes and with the Haemoccult test.

The quantitative determinations of fecal daily blood loss after intravenous administration of 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes in 44 patients with colonic polyps and in 11 controls were compared with the results of the daily performed Haemoccult test without dietary restrictions. A total of 642 stool specimens was analyzed for 51Cr loss and the Haemoccult test. The mean fecal daily blood loss in the 34 patients with adenomatous polyps of the descending colon and rectosigmoid was 1.36 +/- 0.14 ml/day (mean +/- SEM), in the 10 patients with polyps of the ascending and transverse colon it was 1.28 +/- 0.31 ml/day, and in the 11 controls 0.62 +/- 0.07 ml/day. There was no positive Haemoccult test in the controls. In fecal specimens from patients with polyps in the descending colon and rectosigmoid containing 2.0-3.99 ml blood/day, the Haemoccult-test was positive in 86%. Fecal specimens from patients with polyps in the ascending colon and transverse colon containing equal blood loss yielded a positive Haemoccult test result in 26%. Thus, the positivity of the Haemoccult test is determined by the fecal daily blood loss and the anatomic location of colonic bleeding sites.

Chromium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1982

Synchronization of double asymmetrical epileptogenic foci in the cerebral cortex of the rat.

Discharges of two asymmetrical penicillin foci progressively synchronized during 25 min after creation of these foci. Section of the corpus callosum seriously impaired but did not completely block this synchronization. Thalamic spreading depression did not significantly change the synchronization in rats with intact corpus callosum. Noncallosal component of synchronization is probably realized through brain stem structures.

Animals↗