Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Fabry

Publications and source records attributed to J Fabry.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Silver niobium trioxide, AgNbO3

The present structure determination of silver niobium trioxide at 291 K was performed on a twinned single crystal with a predominant presence [about 93 (1)%] of one twin domain. The sample contained traces of V (about 1 atomic %). This study confirms that the room-temperature phase of AgNbO(3) is isostructural with the room-temperature phase of NaNbO(3), i.e. it is a tilted perovskite. Structural deviation in AgNbO(3) from centrosymmetry was not detected in this study and its structure was refined in Pbcm, though a previous study indicated ferroelectricity below 350 K, in contrast with NaNbO(3).

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

[Surveillance of laboratory based infections by biological and medical analyses: review of the literature].

Infectious disease surveillance is one of the priorities of public health programmes. This review aims to describe laboratory-based infection surveillance systems. The following surveillance networks are described: the Belgian microbiology network, AIDS surveillance in Philadelphia, EPIBAC, and the Salm-Net network. Laboratory-based surveillance provides the advantage of constituting an easily accessible computerised data bank that allows for studying age-old tendencies and evaluating the effectiveness of certain prevention programmes. The main inconveniences remain with the difficulty of eliminating duplications as well as the lack of clinical information. These difficulties can be surmounted by improving communication systems among the diverse participants in the network with electronic mail. Such surveillance systems will facilitate information exchanges at both the national and international level.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2000

[The TT virus: review of the literature].

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on the TT virus. METHODS: The literature review was based on articles identified through MEDLINE between Jan. 1, 1997, and August 15, 1999. RESULTS: In 1997, a new DNA virus, designated TTV, was isolated and seemed to be associated with non A-G post-transfusion hepatitis. The virus was identified using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) because serology was not routinely available. At least 16 genotypes were identified. Depending on the PCR technique used, the prevalence of infection ranged from 17% to 71% in a group of sera tested. The prevalence rate ranged from 1.2% to 62% among blood donors, from 0.5% to 83% among hemophiliacs and from 1% to 71% in cases of chronic hepatitis. The current hypothesis is that routes of infection were parenteral and orofecal. The pathogenesis of this virus, if it really exists, is not yet clearly established. It has been postulated that some interaction may exist between the TT virus and the hepatitis C virus. The use of interferon seems to decrease the TT viremia, according to results obtained outside the context of clinical trials. CONCLUSION: The pathogenesis of the TT virus needs to be rapidly established for transmission prevention and therapeutic intervention.

DNA Virus Infections↗
PubMed1999

Electronic evaluation of the value of double gloving.

BACKGROUND: Breakdown of the surgeon-patient barrier represents a risk for transmission of infectious disease. Such breakdowns are frequently not recognized by the surgical team. The protection afforded by double gloving under normal operating conditions was evaluated. METHODS: An electronic device detected breakdown of the surgeon-patient barrier in a series of 80 surgical procedures, randomly assigned to either double or single gloving. Fluid contact due to glove perforation, porosity or gown wetting was recorded during 151 individual surgeon episodes covering 238 operator-hours. Surgical procedures were called superficial for incisions of less than 10 cm. RESULTS: Double gloving reduced the number of perforation and porosity alarms twofold in both superficial and deep surgical procedures. Deep procedures carried a sevenfold increased risk of barrier breakdown compared with superficial procedures, the risk being greatest for the principal operator. CONCLUSION: Without electronic detection, a large majority of barrier breakdowns would remain undetected by the surgical team and lead to prolonged contact with potentially contaminating body fluids. The use of double gloving provides real protection against such contamination risks.

Electronics↗
PubMed1999

[General practice patterns in hepatitis C virus mass screening in the Lyons region].

A study on the screening practices for hepatitis C was carried out among a sample of 786 general practitioners in the Lyon region. The sample comprised three groups: 272 doctors who had participated in a study of this screening, 242 doctors who had not responded to the request for participation, and 272 doctors who had refused to participate. Overall, 88.5% of the doctors surveyed had prescribed at least one HCV serology in the last 12 months, 82% had at least one HCV positive patient and of them, 59.3% had partly or completely screened these patients. The only differences between the three groups are related either to their belonging to an HIV or drug addict care network, or to a particular medical practice (study of allergies, sexology, nutrition, etc.). In fact, the first prescribe more among groups at risk and the second prescribe less and have fewer HCV positive patients.

Factor Analysis, Statistical↗
PubMed1998

Primary HIV-1 infection: diagnosis and prognostic impact.

Acute infection with HIV is symptomatic in approximately two thirds to three-fourths of patients. This stage is defined as primary HIV infection or acute HIV illness. The diagnosis is crucial for public health because counseling can be provided to reduce the risk of transmission and for individual because early antiretroviral treatment could improve the prognosis, slowing the rate of disease progression. Physicians should be aware of the broad clinical spectrum representative of primary HIV infection, which ranges from mild symptoms resembling classic mononucleosis infection to highly severe presentations. Progression to AIDS and to death has been associated with the severity of the acute HIV infection. Clinical trials with combined antiretroviral drugs are needed to identify the best drug combinations as well as the optimal duration of treatment.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1998

[Health and environment in Villeurbanne. Opinions of the population].

The interactions between health and the environment are at the heart of the concerns of the political actors in Villeurbanne. Their participation in the network "Villes-Santé" and the adoption of the Municipal Plan for the Environment, has incited them to promote a local approach based on the identification of the health problems linked to the environment that are expressed and felt by the inhabitants. The study, carried out among 567 individuals (1/150 of the inhabitants of Villeurbanne), showed that overall, 73% complain of two important environmental problems linked to their state of health: air pollution (48% of inhabitants), and noise (district noise 37%, and noise from the neighbours 24%). Traffic is the main source of these urban nuisances. Despite this, the environment is not very important in the minds of many people (36.5%) when compared to unemployment (68.1%), drugs (48.5%), and violence (58%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

A simple method to selectively expand HIV-1 specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro.

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) may play a critical role in controlling the progression of HIV-1 disease. Conventional assays for demonstration of CTL against HIV-1 have used either fresh PBMC or T cell lines and clones generated by non-specific stimulation. These methods are limited in their sensitivity since without specific secondary stimulation in vitro, epitopes recognized at low frequency may not be detected. Moreover, derivation of CTL clones is labor intensive and not practical for studying a large number of patients. We have developed a simple method to enrich HIV-1 specific CTL in vitro. Autologous antigen presenting cells (APC), either adherent macrophages or EBV transformed B-lymphoblastoid cells, are infected with recombinant vaccinia virus encoding individual HIV-1 proteins and after overnight culture the vaccinia virus is inactivated by uv irradiation in the presence of psoralin. The infected APC are then cultured with patient's T cells and CTL activity determined 10-14 days later. We have used this method to stimulate patients' T cells obtained directly from PBMC and also after mitogenic stimulation. In both systems, the HIV-1 specific response could be enhanced up to five to ten fold. This enhancement is comparable to CTL selection by exposure to HIV-1 immunodominant peptide incubated APC. In some patients, viral-specific CTL could be detected after HIV-vaccinia selection even though the mitogen stimulated cultures had no demonstrable antiviral CTL activity. Selective expansion of CTL directed against multiple HIV-1 proteins (env, gag and RT) could be obtained from PBMC as well as from mitogen-stimulated lines from individual patients. As these lines are predominantly CD8+ T cells by flow cytometric analysis and are free of vaccinia virus as ascertained by the lack of cytopathic effect in culture, in vitro vaccinia selection might also be useful to generate CTL lines for adoptive immunotherapy.

Antigen-Presenting Cells↗
PubMed1995

[Occupational exposure and malignant hemopathies: a case-control study in Lyon (France)].

A hospital based case-control study was carried out in Lyon with the aim of assessing the association between haematologic malignancies and occupational exposures to 320 compounds. Job histories were obtained by questionnaire for 118 cases (52 non Hodgkin lymphomas, 48 acute myeloid leukemia, 18 others leukaemias), and 118 controls with diseases other than cancer from the same general hospital; controls were matched for sex, age and nationality. Systematic coding of exposures based on a blind analysis of job histories, was done by a team of experts in chemistry and occupational health. Mantel-Haenszel analysis was performed. Significantly elevated odds-ratio were observed for non Hodgkin lymphomas and exposure to mineral oils (14.86; 2.76-80.0), excavation dusts (3.91; 0.94-15.95), alkali compounds (2.90; 1.09-7.68), inks (2.47; 1.09-5.17). For inks, a dose-response relation was observed. Elevated odds-ratios appeared for acute myeloid leukaemias and arsenic compounds (3.02; 0.90-10.13) and lead compounds (3.70; 1.09-13.44). When regarding industrial activities, two of them are more frequently found: food industries (14 cases/5 controls), public works (12 cases/0 control). When regarding jobs, winding (6 cases/0 control), glass workers (8 cases/1 control) and warehousemen (10 cases and 4 controls) are more often seen among cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Bladder cancer and occupational exposures.

OBJECTIVES: A hospital-based case-referent study was carried out in Lyon with the purpose of generating hypotheses about the role of occupational exposures to 320 compounds in bladder carcinogenesis. METHODS: Job histories were obtained by questionnaire for 116 cases and 232 reference patients with diseases other than cancer (one referent from the same hospital ward and one from another ward of the same hospital per case); the referents were matched for gender, hospital, age, and nationality. Systematic coding of exposures, with a blind analysis of job histories, was carried out by a team of experts in chemistry and occupational health. RESULTS: Significantly elevated odds ratios were observed for exposure to pyrolysis and combustion products [odds ratio (OR) 2.3, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.0-4.0] when the general referents were used and for cutting fluids (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.2-5.4) when tobacco consumption was adjusted for. The latter was highest among the category consisting of blue-collar and unskilled workers, supervisors, and agricultural workers (OR 4.6 95% CI 2.0-10.6), while the odds ratio for the other category was 0.8 (95% CI 0.3-2.7). An elevated odds ratio for exposure to inks was observed for the women (OR 14.0, 95% CI 1.8-106.5) on the basis of 14 exposed cases, but confounding factors could have been responsible for this result. Odds ratios for several other exposures (rubber: OR 5.7, nitrates: OR 8.2, coke dust: OR 3.5, meat additives: OR 3.8) were also elevated, but not significantly so when based on a small number of exposed cases. CONCLUSION: The observations of this investigation should be tested in future studies, in particular since exposures to agents such as cutting fluids or pyrolysis products are ubiquitous in industrial settings and may present an important public health hazard.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Microscopic hematuria in adults. Prevalence and associated factors].

The finding of microscopic haematuria in the course of systematic screening accounts for 10 percent of consultations in nephrology clinics. We carried out an investigation in a population of 8,194 workers of the metallurgical and chemical industries, 89.6 percent of whom were male and 69.8 percent were under 49 years of age; 51.2 percent were smokers or ex-smokers, 9.9 percent had arterial hypertension and 2.1 percent had diabetes mellitus. Microscopic haematuria was detected by the dipstick method in 3.53 percent of the subjects tested. Phase contrast microscopy, performed in 222 subjects, showed that the origin of the haematuria was glomerular in 90.5 percent, extraglomerular in 2.5 percent and undetermined in 0.9 percent of the cases. Urinary sediment was normal in 6.3 percent. The prevalence of microscopic haematuria was significantly higher in women, in subjects under 49 years of age, in hypertensive subjects, in smokers or ex-smokers, in subjects who has received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during the past 6 months and in chemical industry workers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A systematic survey of breast cancer incidence in the Département of Rhône, France.

A systematic survey of all centres of diagnosis and care of breast cancer patients in the Rhône "département" of France was carried out to evaluate, for the year 1985, the incidence rate of breast cancer in an urban, industrialised part of France not covered by a cancer registry. Two hundred and fifty seven institutions or individuals were involved, covering the public and private sectors in the Rhône département, but also in neighbouring cities and elsewhere in France, which also enabled a search to be carried out for cases diagnosed or treated outside the département. Altogether, over this 1-year period, 801 new cases were identified (791 women and 10 men). This study demonstrated a high incidence of female breast cancer (80.5 new cases per 100,000 woman-years, standardised to the world population) which was particularly marked among women aged 40-60. This incidence is higher than that described by the cancer registry of the neighbouring département of Isère, but is close to the incidence found in Geneva. Results also concur with the relatively high mortality rate from breast cancer observed in the Rhône département.

Adult↗