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Biomedical subjects

J Fabre

Publications and source records attributed to J Fabre.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Comparison of data of respiratory function tests and pulmonary radiology images. Apropos of 106 subjects exposed to asbestos].

We have compared X-ray and lung function data in 106 asbestos workers with diverse, yet most often prolonged and important, exposure times. Based on the international B.I.T. classification, we have found a significant link between VC and type, density, opacity extent and presence of pleural thickening. The same relationship is found with alveolo-arterial ductance. On the whole, however, it is difficult to determine lung function condition with X-ray. Thus, certain criteria concerning function should be considered as well as radiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Cytological and histological studies on the fossa navicularis of the human masculine urethra (author's transl)].

These studies concern the topographic distribution of epithelia along the first 10 millimeters of the urethra after the meatus. The results are obtained by microscopical examination of 100 smears of this area and of histological sections of 5 urethral specimens removed at routine autopsy examination. The cells of 2 epithelia -- nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium and stratified columnar epithelium -- are common on urethral smears; the other epithelial cells (metaplastic squamous cells, mucosal cells, anucleated cells) are less frequent or exceptional. On 91 smears of volunteers, 16 smears have no columnar cells and the other 75 smears have percentages of whole columnar cells going from 1 to 96,5% of whole epithelial cells. The number of clusters of each epithelium is very few. Microscopical examination of histological sections reveals the presence : (a) of nonkeratinizing squamous epithelium with/without leucokeratosis in 3 cases; (b) of squamous and columnar epithelia with areas of metaplastic squamous epithelium for the other 2 specimens. The significance of these results is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Interest of pleurectomy as a complement of emphysematous bullae resections (author's transl)].

Complementary pleurectomy following emphysematous bullae resection is justified only if it improves long-term results in comparison with surgical symphysis obtained by pleural irritation. This cannot be proved at this time. On the other hand, in spite of their limitations, experiments in man suggest that this pleurectomy does not cause any particular complications. In the animal, this parietal pleural resection causes cortical fibrous alveolitis which is not present after other symphysis processes. The authors suggest therefore the use of pleurectomy as a complement of bullae resections in acute and diffuse emphysema.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Pharmacokinetics of a new cephalosporin, cefoperazone].

Cefoperazone is a semi-synthetic cephalosporin for parenteral use with an extended antibacterial spectrum covering Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens. Its pharmacokinetic properties were studied in 8 healthy subjects after 2 intravenous infusions of 2 g of the drug at a 12-hour interval. The mean peak serum concentrations were 134 +/- 16 microgram/ml and 143 microgram/ml. Cefoperazone was shown to possess a long half-life for a cephalosporin (1.7 hours). In our concentration range the drug is 90% protein bound. The apparent volume of distribution was a mean 11.4 liters and the renal clearance 18 ml/min. The cumulative urinary excretion was small, viz. 23% in 12 hours, indicating that there should be no need to modify the dosage regimen in renal failure. Comparison of in vitro studies with the pharmacokinetic properties show that 2 g cefoperazone given intravenously twice a day should inhibit most sensitive bacteria.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

[Value and limits of urinary protein electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulfate in the evaluation of glomerular nephropathies].

Qualitative analysis of urinary proteins is contrasted with histological findings of 45 renal biopsies performed in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Compared to electrophoresis on cellulose acetate and immunoelectrophoresis, a method using polyacrylamide gel after sodium dodecylsulfate treatment makes for more refined and objective differentiation of protein abnormalities. On the whole, proteinuria of the selective glomerular or physiological type predominates in the event of minimal change or membranous lesions. The non-selective type is found more frequently with diffuse proliferative or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (p less than 0.025). There are, however, too many exceptions to this rule to allow certainty, and a precise diagnosis of the particular type of glomerulonephritis is thus only possible histologically. Each type of histological involvement may cause almost any of the qualitative abnormalities of proteinuria. On the other hand, qualitative analysis of urinary proteins is useful for the detection of glomerulonephritis. A glomerular type of proteinuria may sometimes reveal involvement of kidneys at a time when, quantitatively, there is no proteinuria. In cases of orthostatic proteinuria a persistent glomerular type of tracing in recumbency suggests an organic kidney ailment. All patients in this series had a glomerular type of proteinuria when excretion was pathological, thus allowing a distinction from pure tubular involvement. 10 patients of the group, however, although they clearly had glomerular lesions (3 were diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis) showed perfectly normal proteinuria both quantitatively and qualitatively. This was the case in systemic lupus erythematosus where kidney biopsy was performed without clinical suspicion of renal involvement. In summary, qualitative abnormalities of proteinuria call attention to underlying glomerulonephritis, although no distinction can be made between the various forms and there may be no detectable abnormality even in the event of major kidney involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[The hand in diabetes. Study of 97 diabetics compared to a control group].

To determine whether there is hand involvement specific to diabetes, 97 diabetics were compared with the same number of matched controls. Hands were examined with particular emphasis on skin, intrinsic muscles, articular mobility, sense of touch and vibration, digital systolic pressure, and radiological analysis of bones and joints. The most significant involvement, clearly present in 7 cases and less specifically in 12 other diabetics, included all of the following: atrophy and weakness of intrinsic muscles, painful interphalangeal rigidity limiting extension or flexion of the fingers, periarticular swelling of the phalanges, and trophic changes of the skin. Separately, these changes are not specific to diabetes: in the control group, although less frequent, they were found in patients aged 60 and over and are considered to be signs of senescence. Diabetes apparently accelerates the process of aging. Diabetic changes in the hand appear to be facilitated by neuropathy but not by arterial involvement. X-ray revealed a higher incidence of osteopenia and above all of vascular calcifications in the diabetic.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Leukoerythroblastosis and cancer frequency, prognosis, and physiopathologic significance.

This investigation was carried out on 100 bone marrow biopsies with metastases and 56 autopsies on patients with evidence of cancer. Leukoerythroblastosis was found in 44% of the patients with bone marrow mestastases and was more frequent in prostatic and gastric carcinoma. Moreover, the postmortem study of patients who died with cancer showed that leukoerythroblastosis was always the sign of bone marrow metastasis. A significant correlation was found between these blood changes and bone marrow fibrosis around the metastasis. Furthermore, leukoerythroblastosis seems caused by hepatosplenic extra medullary hematopoiesis.

Anemia, Myelophthisic↗
PubMed1979

Behavior of amikacin in renal parenchyma of normal rats and of rats with acute obstructive renal insufficiency.

Aminoglycosides show a remarkable tendency to accumulate and persist in the renal parenchyma. In order to study the kinetics of this phenomenon for amikacin, rats received 25 mg/kg of this antibiotic i. p. and were sacrificed in groups of 6 up to 15 days after the injection. At 6 h, while the other organs and the serum were almost completely freed of amikacin, concentrations in the renal cortex reached 156 +/- 21 micrograms/g, or 6 times the peak serum level (instead of 20 times the peak serum level for gentamicin or sisomicin, a difference which is reduced by the fact that amikacin is given in higher dosage). They then decreased very slowly, according to a half-life of 122 h. Although it decreases glomerular filtration, ligation of ureters 20 h before the injection quadrupled the concentration in the cortex. These data explain the characteristics of the nephrotoxicity of amikacin and the increased toxic risk in acute obstructive renal insufficiency.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1979

Des 4-trans-hydroxy-glibenclamide show hypoglycemic activity?

Different doses of glibenclamide and of 4-transhydroxy-glibenclamide (main metabolite in man) were administered i.p. to rats and blood glucose was measured. The comparison of the doses capable of producing a 30% decrease of the glycemia shows that 4-trans-hydroxy-glibenclamide is about 6.5 times less potent than glibenclamide in our experimental conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Cardiovascular effects of a single injection of fentanyl in dogs under acute experimental conditions].

Experimental studies carried out in unselected dogs often face the problem of instabilit of various parameters both in terms of haemodynamics as well as acid-base balance. It is possible, with the injection of a single dose of Fentanyl of 0.35 mg.kg-1 given over a period of ten minutes to obtain, from the 30th minute after the injection, satisfactory cardiovascular stability (confirmed during 120 minutes in 9 dogs and 360 minutes in 2 of them). This haemodynamic state at T + 30 is obtained with a fall in mean blood pressure of -40 per cent, and an increase in peripheral resistance of +38 per cent and stroke volume of +11 per cent. This stability, obtained at the price of a stable normacapnia, correction of any possible metabolic acidosis and maintenance of body temperature, makes it possible to study the cardiovascular effects of certain types of treatment or of induced pathology.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1979

Clinical relevance of different electrophoretic methods for the analysis of urinary proteins.

Three electrophoretic techniques are usually available in the clinical laboratories for the qualitative investigation of urinary protein patterns: 1) acetate cellulose, 2) immuno-electrophoresis; and 3) SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Proteinuria (the excretion of proteins in excess of 150 mg/day or 100 microgram/min) usually signifies either increased permeability of the glomerular-capillary membrane of diminished tubular reabsorption. Since glomerular disease is associated with an increased clearance of albumin and higher molecular weight proteins, whereas tubular damage is associated with the predominant excretion of proteins of lower molecular weight than albumin, it seems logical to establish a classification of proteinuria according to the molecular weight of its constituents. One can thus basically distinguish 5 types of proteinurias: 1) physiological; 2) tubular; 3) selective glomerular; 4) non selective glomerular; and 5) mixed proteinurias. Additionally one must distinguish "myeloma proteinurias" where monoclonal complete or incomplete gamma-globulins are found in the urine. Clinically it may be useful to determine the qualitatively normal or pathologic character of a quantitatively normal proteinuria, especially in the following conditions: 1) for early diagnosis of nephropathy in patients, such as diabetics, which are particularly prone to suffer from renal complications; 2) to confirm the clinical cure or to predict the recurrence of renal diseases; and 3) in such situations as orthostatic, or myeloma proteinuria, or any elevation of the urinary protein output of unknown etiology.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗