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Biomedical subjects

J Fabre

Publications and source records attributed to J Fabre.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Pharmacokinetic study of a cephalosporin, cefoperazone, in liver failure].

The pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone, a semi-synthetic cephalosporin for parenteral use with a spectrum covering P. aeruginosa, E. cloacae, indole-positive Proteus and S. Marcescens, was studied after a 2-h intravenous infusion of 2 g of the drug in 6 patients with moderate liver function impairment (viral hepatitis in 4 cases, alcoholic fatty liver and cirrhosis in 2 cases). At the end of the infusion, mean serum concentrations (determined by a bioassay) were 208 microgram/ml in the patients and 134 microgram/ml in healthy volunteers. The half-life was 4.3 h in patients and 1.6 h in healthy volunteers. Volume of distribution and renal clearance were similar in the two groups. Extrarenal clearance of cefoperazone was lower in the patients (7.3 ml/min) than in the control group (59.4 mg/min). Urinary excretion of biologically active drug was markedly increased in the patients (79% of the dose) compared with healthy volunteers (24%). This study provides evidence that liver function impairment increases with both the apparent half-life of elimination and the urinary excretion of the drug. The results raise the question of the desirability of cefoperazone dosage adjustment in patients with hepatic diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[The relevance of chest X-rays and respiratory function tests to the assessment of occupational hazards in asbestos factory workers (author's transl)].

The authors have analyzed the medico-legal records of 70 workers from an asbestos factory, who developed pneumoconiosis, sometimes after prolonged exposure. X-ray films were interpreted (though not without some difficulty) according to the I.L.O. classification criteria. Respiratory function tests included spirometry, gas exchange determination and blood gas measurements. There was a correlation between the duration of occupational exposure and the onset of chest lesions visible on X-ray films (pleural thickening, pulmonary fibrosis and later, pleural calcifications) and a closer correlation between these and the results of the two main respiratory function tests: vital capacity and fractional global and arterio-alveolar CO uptake coefficient (DuaCO). It appeared, however, that lung function impairment sometimes preceded radiological abnormalities, and this should be taken into consideration when assessing the financial compensation due to workers exposed to asbestos.

Asbestosis↗
PubMed1981

[Cardiovascular risk factors in headquarters staff of the World Health Organization].

Analysis of 2333 medical files of the World Health Organization's headquarters staff in Geneva gives insight into the epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors in nationals originating from 67 different countries but living in the same environment. The study confirms well established facts such as the prevalence of hypertension (HT) with respect to sex, age, and period of observation, its consequences and interrelation with high cholesterol levels, diabetes, and obesity. The importance of a medical service with emphasis on prevention is stressed. Major differences in relation to geographic origin are noted for men. The highest percentage of HT (32%) is noted for staff members from Germanic countries. There is a concentric decrease according to nationality: 29 to 25% for the other countries of Central, Western, and Southern Europe, 23 to 18% for the USSR, Arab countries and North America, 9 to 6% for South East and Eastern Asia and African countries south of the Sahara (p less than 0.05 between the extremes). India and Australia do not fit the pattern of concentric decrease, since a high percentage of men in those countries have HT. As the number of files available was insufficient to carry out the same analysis for women or to determine other factors of cardiovascular risk, the study will be extended to cover the staff of other International Organizations in Geneva.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Simultaneous tubular excretion and reabsorption of pindolol in man.

The plasma concentrations of pindolol have been examined following the administration of single doses of 15 mg tablets to eight healthy male subjects. The apparent half-life of elimination in plasma (t1/2 = 4.05 h) and in urine (t1/2 = 3.21 h) was calculated using conventional pharmacokinetic methods. The renal clearance was estimated by plotting urinary excretion rates versus plasma concentrations; for all subjects these plots were curved. In addition to these graphical estimations, the plasma concentrations of pindolol and the urinary excretion data for each volunteer were simultaneously fitted using a one or two-compartment open body model; a computer program using non-linear regression algorithms was used. This procedure did not give an adequate fit to the data. Another type of data analysis, using a population - based model, permitted us to show that the renal elimination of pindolol in man comprises of two separate processes - tubular secretion and reabsorption, which was partially saturable under the experimental conditions. The theoretical relevance and clinical significance of these findings are discussed.

Absorption↗
PubMed1980

[Initial aspects of the changes in diabetic proteinuria].

Proteinuria was analysed quantitatively and qualitatively in 156 diabetics and 63 matched controls. The study was limited to patients with a proteinuria of less than 100 ng/min in the recumbency. The urinary proteins were analysed using cellulose acetate electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis and sodium dodecylsulfate poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Abnormal urinary protein patterns were more frequent in diabetics than in the controls (p less than 0.01). However, when the subjects were divided into 2 groups according to their age, the limit being arbitrarily chosen at 60 years, the differences were statistically not significant in the older group. By contrast, in the younger group, the proportion of perfectly normal patterns was significantly decreased in diabetics as compared to the controls (p less than 0.005). In our diabetic population, chosen on the basis of a quantitatively normal proteinuria, no clear relation could be found between the abnormalities of the urinary protein electrophoretic patterns and the patient's clinical data, with the exception of vascular and cardiac complications. Our results suggest that qualitative changes of urinary proteins might be the first signs of renal complications in diabetic patients and that diabetes might constitute an additional cause of aging for the kidneys.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Kinetics of cefoperazone and cefoperazone and cephalothin in rat tissues].

In order to study the behavior of two cephalosporines in various tissues, 100 mg/kg of cefoperazone (CPZ) or cefalotine (CLT) were administered intraperitoneally to Wistar rats. The animals were sacrificed by groups of 6 at intervals ranging from 30 min to 6 hours after the injection and bioassay of the antibiotic was carried out in 9 organs, the serum, and urine. There are marked differences in tissue affinity for each antibiotic, as well as between the tow antibiotics. With the exception of the renal medulla, CPZ penetrates most tissues better than CLT. This difference is particularly striking in the liver. The decline of concentrations is nearly the same in tissues and serum; it is 2--3 times slower for CPZ. Concentration of CPZ exceed 1 microgram/g for more than 6 hours in the kidney and 4 hours in the liver, whereas CLT cannot be quantified after 2 hours in the kidney and after 1 hour in the liver. As has been noted for other antibiotics, plasma protein binding has only limited influence on cephalosporin penetration into tissues. This study of pharmacokinetics in tissues shows that CPZ permeates well those tissues where it is supposed to be effective and remains there longer than CLT. The study illustrates a method which provides a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for antibiotic action.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Influence of renal failure on the hepatic clearance of bufuralol in man.

The beta-blocking agent bufuralol is subject to first-pass metabolism and is eliminated from the body almost entirely by biotransformation. Its major metabolite in plasma (1'-hydroxy-bufuralol) is biologically active and may contribute to the pharmacological effect of the drug. The effect of renal failure on the behavior of the parent compound and three of its metabolites was studied by comparing their kinetics in normal volunteers and in patients with severe renal insufficiency. Bufuralol was given orally to all subjects (20 mg); some of the healthy volunteers also received the drug intravenously (5 mg). Renal failure was found to be associated with a marked increase of the areas under the plasma concentration-time curves of the parent compound, whereas its halflife of elimination was not markedly influenced. The behavior of 1'-hydroxy-bufuralol was consistent with a decreased renal clearance. The behavior of bufuralol in patients with renal failure was analyzed using the clearance approach. From this analysis it appears that the presystemic biotransformation of bufuralol is decreased in renal failure and that changes in systemic clearance are compensated in our patients by modifications of the volume of distribution, resulting in little net change in the halflife of elimination.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1980

Human lymphomas transplanted in nude mice.

This study was carried out to determine the take rate of malignant lymphomas transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice. Lymphoid tissue from patients with a variety of lymphoproliferative and lymphomatous disorders was employed, but only four (8.3% of total) non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of various types grew in the nude mice. These transplants were from patients with lymphoplasmacytic, lymphoblastic, immunoblastic and centroblastic lymphomas; two of them were serially transferred. High grade malignant lymphomas seem easier to transplant than low grade ones. In each case, the tumor growing in nude mice was similar to the patient's tumor. In one case, metastases were found in mesenteric lymph nodes and lung. Electron microscopic study showed that neoplastic cells were associated with peculiar dark cells the nature of which is discussed. Furthermore, in two transplanted lymphomas, neoplastic cells contained C type virus particles, indicating contamination by the murine xenotropic type C virus.

Animals↗