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Biomedical subjects

J F Muir

Publications and source records attributed to J F Muir.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Double-blind study of Biostim in the prevention of superinfection in patients with chronic bronchopathy].

In a multicenter trial conducted with patients suffering from chronic bronchopathy, Biostim, an immunomodulating compound of biological origin has been studied using the double-blind placebo-controlled method for prevention of respiratory tract infections. One hundred and ten patients from 10 french pneumology health centers entered the study. The treatment was administered at random in three sequences of 8 days a month for 3 months (2 mg/day the first month, 1 mg/day the second and third months). Patients were separated into 2 groups regarding severity of the disease: group I (non complicated chronic bronchitis); group II (obstructive chronic bronchitis with or without respiratory failure). Patients were examined during 6 months with a monthly appraisal of number, duration and treatment clinically defined infectious episodes. The study of propensity to infections with respect to severity of the disease in patients given placebo showed a significantly lower number of infectious episodes in group I when compared to group II. In the group I (patients suffering from simple chronic bronchitis), no significant difference could be noted between placebo and Biostim but, at all events, the low frequency of episodes makes it difficult to evidence a protective effect in such a group. In contrast, with patients presenting a high infectious risk (group II), one can observe in Biostim treated patients compared with placebo group a significant decrease of infectious episodes and a larger number of patients standing free of episodes throughout the whole period of trial. Tolerance to Biostim has revealed itself satisfactory.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of oxygen therapy on chronic pulmonary artery hypertension].

The haemodynamic definition of chronic cor pulmonale is precapillary pulmonary artery hypertension (P.A.H.T.), which determines the long term prognosis of chronic respiratory failure (C.R.F.) due to chronic obstructive airways disease (C.O.A.D.). The essential element of the various causes for an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) is an increase in pulmonary arterial resistance secondary to alveolar hypoxia. At the present time, only long term oxygen therapy at home seems capable of limiting the progression of P.A.H.T., with a favourable influence on survival as demonstrated by two recent Anglo-Saxon multicenter surveys. The value of new drugs which have been proposed as a complement to or even a replacement for oxygen therapy, such as Almitrine dimesylate and Nifedipine, is currently being evaluated.

Female↗
PubMed1983

[Ventilatory disorders and sleep anomalies in severe chronic obstructive respiratory insufficiency. Effects of nocturnal oxygen therapy].

The influence of nocturnal oxygen therapy on ventilatory disorders and sleep abnormalities was evaluated in 5 male, non-obese patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). All had hypoxia, severe airway obstruction (FEV1 less than 1 l) and pulmonary arterial hypertension at rest; 3 had PaCO2 values above 50 mmHg. Polygraphic recordings were taken throughout the night, the patients breathing either air or oxygen, they included EEG, electromyography of chin muscles, eye movements, O2sat., thoraco-abdominal mechanics and nasal flow. Improvement in the quality of sleep under oxygen was observed in all patients, with an increase from 6.1% (air) to 14.6% (oxygen) in the R.E.M. (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep phase duration to total sleep duration ratio, and an increase from 8 to 12 in the number of episodes of apnoea (arrest of nasal flow greater than 10 sec). Oxygen also had a favourable influence on the number and amplitude of O2 desaturation phases (delta O2sat. greater than 4%) and on the time spent in desaturation, which decreased from 5.12% (air) to 3.7% (oxygen). Correction of the hypoxaemic episodes was partial in those R.E.M. sleep phases when these episodes were most severe and occurred in the absence of apnoea.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Practical modalities in long-term oxygen therapy and criteria of efficacy].

Different sources of oxygen can be used in patient's homes: gas cylinders, portable liquid oxygen or a concentrator. The choice regarding source is related to the aims (nocturnal oxygenation, oxygen for rehabilitation), the length of daily treatment and the desire for patient autonomy. The selection flow rate during the day, the night and/or during exercise depends essentially on the physiological consequences of oxygen administration, planned in a precise fashion for periods not exceeding 24-48 h. Three types of tests may be retained: 1. A 30 minute day test, 2. A prolonged night study, 3. A polygraphic study. First, the short, resting, day-time, 30 minutes test measuring output from variations of PaO2, PaCO2 and pH before and after 30 minutes of inhalation; simultaneous measurements of PAP (but haemodynamic variations during the test do not carry long term predictive values). Secondly, long term studies at night: these trials may either include simple measurements, such as oxygen saturation with an ear oxymeter or more complex polygraphic measurements. Nowadays for the simple measurements with ear oxymetry, one night on ambient air and one on oxygen seems adequate in providing vital information regarding nocturnal hypoxia and its correction. Thirdly, respiratory polygraphs which provide better information on the mechanism of hypoxia but are much more difficult to use in daily practice. These polygraph studies should be reserved only for high risk sufferers, the obese and snorers. Among the exercise tests necessary to confirm that the benefit of oxygen therapy outweighs the disadvantage of carrying a portable oxygen system, is the Mac Gavin test (distance walked in 12 minutes) completed by doing blood gases to assess the indications and the efficacy of the portable system.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1982

[Two methods of weaning patients from respirators (with and without IMV). A comparative study in 22 subjects with acute (IRA) or chronic respiratory failure (author's transl)].

22 patients (4 female, 18 male) suffering from severe chronic obstructive respiratory failure (IRCO), were given artificial ventilation because of a super-imposed acute respiratory failure (IRA). The object of this study was to compare different methods of weaning patients from the ventilators using either intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) or an automatically triggered ventilation (VAD). Both blood gases in the acute phase and the functional data collected before the acute exacerbation failed to show any statistical difference between the two groups. The reduction of ventilation in the group of patients weaned by the technique of IMV did not appear statistically significant as shown by the following facts : controlled ventilation (IMV : 2.45 +/- 2.06 days; VAD : 4.72 +/- 3.89 days) : total duration of ventilation (IMV : 7.35 +/- 2.15; VAD : 8.54 +/- 6.56 days). The PaO2 of the subjects weaned by the technique IMV appeared higher before extubation (P less than 0.02) than the PaO2 obtained after weaning on VAD. In patients presenting with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive respiratory failure secondary to a bronchial infection the different techniques of weaning used (whether VAD or IMV) appear identical as regards the total duration of ventilation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Portal vein thrombosis and fatal pulmonary thromboembolism associated with oral contraceptive treatment.

We report a 33-year-old woman who took oral contraceptives for 8 years, and who developed gastrointestinal bleeding from esophageal varices. Celiac and mesenteric angiography demonstrated a portal vein thrombosis. Because of several episodes of dyspnea, a pulmonary angiogram was also performed, and showed partial or complete obstruction of both inferior pulmonary arteries with "pruning" of lower lobes. Despite immediate anticoagulant therapy, the patient died suddenly some days later. We believe that oral contraceptive treatment could have induced thromboembolic disease both in portal and pulmonary circulations in this patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Significance of carbon monoxide pulmonary partial ductances and transbronchial lung biopsies during evolution of interstitial lung diseases.

Among 80 patients with suspicion of interstitial lung disease (ILD), we studied the significance of carbon monoxide (CO) partial ductances with special reference to arterio-alveolar partial ductances (DuaCO), for diagnosis and follow-up of 63 of them. The results of DuaCO were compared to histologic and radiologic data, in 40 patients with abnormal X-ray findings (interstitial lesions) and in 23 patients with normal X-ray findings. In patients with abnormal X-ray findings there is a statistical correlation between decrement of DuaCO and existence of histologic interstitial lesions (p < 0.001). In patients with normal X-ray findings but a risk of interstitial injury, there is also a statistical relation between alteration of DuaCO and existence of histologic interstitial lesions (p < 0.02). DuaCO seems to be closely linked to trophicity of the pulmonary interstitium and is proposed as a functional index to follow up ILD.

Asbestosis↗
PubMed1979

[Determination of alphaxalone in serum and urine by gas-liquid chromatography. Application in anaesthesiological pharmacology (author's transl)].

The authors propose a simple and reliable method for determination of alphaxalone [3 alpha-hydroxy(5 alpha)pregnane 11,20 dione] in serum and urine, during long-duration anaesthesia using Althesin, mixture of alphaxalone and alphadolone acetate [21 acetoxy, 3 alpha-hydroxy(5 alpha)pregnane 11,20 dione]. If assays of alphadolone appear difficult and without any precision, because of numerous interferences, the determination of alphaxalone in serum and urine seems interesting for pharmacokinetic and metabolic investigation. We confirm the quick rate of disappearance of alphaxalone from blood, associated with a very active metabolism in the liver. The results show that it exists a relation between the concentration of alphaxalone in blood and the value of anaesthesia judged on clinical and electrical criteria. We cannot however conclude that Althesin presents a cumulative effect, because we used important amounts of anaesthetic agent.

Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture↗
PubMed1979

[A case of serohemorrhagic pericarditis (author's transl)].

The authors report the case of a 54 year old man with a tamponade and a serohemorrhagie pericarditis. From the cytology of the pericardiac liquid, a neoplastic origin is suspected and confirmed by the secondary appearance of pulmonary primitive localization responsible for death. The low frequency of such a mean of revelation is underlined together with the difficulties of an etiological diagnosis.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

[Value of right cardiac microcatheterization in the prescription and control of oxygen therapy in chronic respiratory insufficiency].

The authors studied 24 patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency divided in 2 groups, one of them subjected to long lasting oxygen therapy. They studied the correlations between the variations of hemodynamic and non dynamic parameters registered during a previous assay of oxygen therapy and those observed during the evolution so as to deduct criteria of prescription of a long lasting oxygen therapy. They stress the importance of microcatheterism at the beginning. On the other hand if it suggests the indication for a controlable oxygenation, the ponctual assays of oxygen therapy, such as defined, present no interest where the appreciation of later successes of a long term oxygen therapy is concerned.

Blood Gas Analysis↗