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J F Magny

Publications and source records attributed to J F Magny.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Investigation of total and conjugated bilirubin determination during the neonatal period.

During the neonatal period, total and conjugated bilirubin determinations are necessary to identify the origin of jaundice, to predict its evolution and to treat it. We discuss the results obtained in 108 neonates (less than 15 days old), undergoing phototherapy or not, using a colorimetric diazo reaction and dual wavelength reflectance with a Kodak Ektachem analyzer. Concerning total bilirubin determination, the methods correlate well (r > 0.96). Discrepancies are observed for conjugated or "direct" bilirubin, and high performance liquid chromatography was carried out in order to explain them. The chromatograms show 4 neonate samples with only classic mono- but no di-glucurono-conjugate fractions, whereas all the neonates present two unusual fractions (I and II) not seen in adults. A correlation was found between the amount of fraction II and the conjugated bilirubin determined by diazo reaction and between fraction I and the conjugated bilirubin obtained in the Kodak Ektachem assay. A better correlation between fraction I and conjugated bilirubin on Kodak was observed (r = 0.79, vs r = 0.66) when the newborns were submitted to phototherapy. Moreover, fraction II and conjugated bilirubin measured by the diazo reaction on Hitachi 717 rose significantly. In conclusion, total bilirubin is accurately determined during the neonatal period; for conjugated or "direct" bilirubin determination, our study points out significant differences. Further investigation will determine the nature of the fractions observed by liquid chromatography in neonatal sera, and the components actually determined by the automatized methods usually employed.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1993

[Periventricular leukomalacia of late onset in a premature infant].

BACKGROUND: Periventricular leukomalacia in preterm neonates is usually due to abnormal cerebral blood flow before and/or during delivery. It is diagnosed during the first month of life. This study describes a case of late-developing periventricular leukomalacia. CASE REPORT: A girl was delivered by cesarean section at the 23rd week of gestation that was complicated by placenta previa. She weighted 880 g and immediately required resuscitation. She did not develop respiratory distress syndrome. She was intubated and ventilated for the first two weeks of life and developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia requiring corticosteroid treatment. Extubation was possible on day 43. The neonate had been given antibiotics for the first 10 days of life and indomethacin on day 8 because of a patent ductus arteriosus. Repeated craniosonography showed moderate bilateral intraventricular hemorrhage and occipital areas of hyperechogenicity that disappeared at the end of the first month of life. Repeated electroencephalograms revealed no positive rolandic sharp waves until the infant was 42 days old. Craniosonography on day 48 showed areas of heterogeneous hyperechogenicity and NMR imaging showed bilateral frontoparietal leukomalacia with loss of white matter. The baby died on day 71. CONCLUSIONS: Late periventricular leukomalacia is exceptional and usually seen after postnatal abnormalities in cerebral blood flow and/or prolonged hypoxemia. Both these risk factors were absent in this patient.

Echoencephalography↗
PubMed1992

Accuracy of measurements of HbF with OSM3 in neonates and infants.

The accuracy of the Radiometer OSM3 oxymeter for measurement of fetal haemoglobin (HbF) in infants was investigated, and compared to one of the standard reference methods using alkali electrophoresis of haemoglobin. Blood samples of 37 infants with different gestational (27-41 weeks) and postnatal (1-198 days) ages were analysed. The two methods gave very close results but a significant mean difference (range -4.5-16.5%). However, agreement between the two methods was judged clinically acceptable (95% limits of agreement -7.5-15.5%). A rapid determination of HbF percentage, using OSM3, is an important determinant for correct assessment of oxygen saturation in newborn infants in intensive care units.

Electrophoresis↗
PubMed1991

[Are immunoglobulins useful in the treatment of neonatal infections?].

The new preparations of intravenously administered intact immunoglobulins have revived the interest of paediatricians in these products for the treatment and prevention of infections in neonates. Experimental animal studies and clinical trials have given equivocal results. In the treatment of neonatal infections, immunoglobulins are probably effective when they are given soon after the onset of the infection and above all provided that the preparation administered contains specific antibodies in sufficient amounts. As regards the prevention of infections in neonates at risk, and particularly in premature infants, the multicentre clinical trials carried out so far have given conflicting results, so that it cannot be concluded that the systematic administration of immunoglobulins to these populations is unquestionably effective. These insufficient results are probably due to the lack of specificity of polyvalent immunoglobulins.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1991

[Value and limits of research on Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in the gastric fluid of newborn infants].

Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum were cultured and counted in the gastric fluid of 153 neonates divided into three groups: 28 preterm neonates managed in an intensive care unit (Group I); 83 full term neonates with suspected infection (Group II); and 42 full term neonates with no evidence of infection (Group III). The colonization rate (17.85%) in the intensive care unit group was not significantly different from the rates seen in the two other groups. These results do not militate against the pathogenic role of the two organisms studied but rather suggest a contributory role of other factors.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
PubMed1991

Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for prevention of infection in high-risk premature infants: report of a multicenter, double-blind study.

The effectiveness of intravenously administered immunoglobulin (Ig) therapy for prophylaxis of infection was evaluated in high-risk preterm infants. Two hundred thirty-five premature newborns were randomly assigned, in a double-blind controlled trial, to treatment and placebo groups. Thirty-five infants (29%) of the Ig group and 29 (25%) of the placebo group had one or more episodes of certain infection. Thirty infants (25%) of the Ig group and 18 (16%) of the placebo group had one or more episodes of probable infection. No significant differences were observed in the incidence of certain or probable infection in treated and control infants. Nevertheless, among the infants who had one or more certain or probable episodes of infection, more of them belonged to the Ig group than to the placebo group. The possible deleterious effect of the administration of large amounts of polyspecific Ig is discussed.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1991

[Value and limitations of the research of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in gastric fluid in newborn infants].

Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum were cultured and counted in the gastric fluid of 153 neonates divided into three groups: 28 preterm neonates managed in an intensive care unit (Group I); 83 full term neonates with suspected infection (Group II); and 42 full term neonates with not evidence of infection (Group III). The colonization rate (17.85%) in the intensive care unit group was not significantly different from the rates seem in the two other groups. These results do not militate against the pathogenic role of the two organisms studied but rather suggest a contributory role of other factors.

Gastric Juice↗
PubMed1990

Changes in phospholipid composition of tracheal aspirates from newborns with hyaline membrane disease or transient tachypnoea.

Phospholipid analysis of tracheal aspirates obtained from 37 newborn infants, all intubated for respiratory diseases, was performed in order to compare infants having hyaline membrane disease (HMD) (n = 11), to those presenting with transient tachypnoea (TT) (n = 16) or another respiratory disorder (n = 10) and to determine if distinguishing features could be discovered for HMD or TT. In the HMD group, a significantly lower amount (about 20%) of recoverable phospholipid material was observed. Furthermore, the groups differed in their phospholipid profile: infants with HMD presented with a deficiency in saturated phosphatidylcholine, but had a related increase in unsaturated phosphatidylcholine, and an increased proportion of phosphatidylethanolamine (about 2.5 times more) as compared with both other groups. In infants suffering HMD and TT, phosphatidylglycerol was lower and phosphatidylinositol was higher than in infants with other diseases. This change was the only one displayed in infants with TT. We speculate that the observed changes reflect changes in amount and composition of surfactant and are involved in the etiology of HMD and TT.

Apnea↗
PubMed1990

[Early prediction of risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia].

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has become a frequent and worrying issue in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The aim of this retrospective study was to define more precisely the incidence of BPD within a population of 2,216 newborns admitted at less than 24 hrs of life. 138 cases of BPD were diagnosed. The BPD rates decrease exponentially with regard to gestational ages (GA) [67% at less than 28 weeks (w), 37% at 28-29 w, 22% at 30 w, 9% at 31-32 w, 3% at 33-34 w and 0.4% at greater than or equal to 35 w]. The presence of hyaline membrane disease (HMD) increases the GA related risks by 1.5, 2, 3, 10, 20 and 40 times at less than 28 w, 28-29 w, 30 w, 31-32 w, 33-34 w and greater than or equal to 35 w, respectively. Other factors such as interstitial emphysema, refractory hypoxemia and hypotrophy associated with HMD, have been found associated with increased risks. A chart taking into account all these parameters has been constructed allowing the determination of individual risks of developing BPD during the first days of life.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of short term prognosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia].

Assessing the short-term prognosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (duration of mechanical ventilation, of O2 therapy, and risk of death) is often uncertain at the early stages of the disease. From a retrospective study of 124 cases of BPD, we made a search for factors of poor prognosis which could be recognized early. Among the 124 BPD, 56 (45%) had a severe disease (mechanical ventilation for greater than 3 months and/or O2 for greater than 4 months), and 24 of them (20%) died. Two types of factors have been identified as linked to a poor prognosis (risk of evolution towards a severe disease in a proportion of 70 to 90%): some respiratory events (refractory hypoxemia, recurrent pneumothorax, interstitial emphysema, no improvement of hyaline membrane disease at 3-4 days of life in babies less than 32 weeks gestational age) and hemodynamic failures (cardiac failure due to persistent ductus arteriosus, collapse following infection or anoxia). We have also defined different values of a ventilatory index (I = mean airway pressure x FiO2) which allows the neonatologists to estimate the final prognosis of BPD during the first two months of life.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1990

[Pre-eclampsia: a cause of fetal heart failure?].

The authors report the case of a newborn whose mother presented with pre-eclampsia. Intrauterine growth retardation, peripheral edema, ascitis and pleural effusion were present at birth. The authors suggest that placental vascular abnormalities could be responsible for fetal heart failure and edema syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Development of a rapid method of immunoassay of C reactive protein by polarization of fluorescence].

Increased level of C reactive protein in the serum of neonates indicates the presence of infection, whereas the classic signs (hyperthermia, neutrophilia...) may often fail. So the determination of C reactive protein is useful and has to be rapidly performed on a small quantity of blood. The authors evaluate a fluorescence-polarization immunoassay (TDX Abbott System), and compare this method to the radial immunodiffusion (RID) and the laser immunonephelemetry. Sensitivity (detection limit = 10 mg/l), reproducibility (cv less than 5 p. cent), linearity (until 243 mg/l), are satisfactory. The assay correlates well with RID (r = 0.98, p less than 0.001) and laser immunonephelometry (r = 0.93, p less than 0.001). The proposed method is rapid (10 minutes), requires small quantities of blood (less than 100 microliters), and is not influenced by important amounts of haemoglobin, bilirubin or triglycerides. Thus, this method provides a good means for C reactive protein determination, especially in neonates.

C-Reactive Protein↗
PubMed1988

Passive compliance of total respiratory system in preterm newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

The passive compliance of the total respiratory system (CRS) was measured by the occlusion technique in 34 preterm newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Gestational age ranged from 27 to 33 weeks. Preterm newborn infants were divided into four groups on the basis of clinical criteria. Group 1 consisted of 10 infants tested during the first postnatal days (1 to 3 days) while acutely ill and requiring ventilation and oxygen therapy. After the acute phase of respiratory distress syndrome, two groups were tested: group 2 consisted of nine infants (5 to 22 days of age) who no longer required ventilation, and group 3 consisted of six infants (7 to 28 days of age) who subsequently had bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Group 4 consisted of nine infants older than 1 month of age with confirmed bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Group 1 had significantly lower CRS and CRS normalized for body weight (CRS/BW) than group 2 had (P less than 0.001). In groups 3 and 4 CRS was significantly lower than in group 2 (P less than 0.001), as was CRS/BW (P less than 0.001). There was no significant difference in CRS and CRS/BW values between groups 3 and 4. This cross-sectional study in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome suggests that CRS may have predictive value in regard to development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia after the acute phase of respiratory distress syndrome.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia↗
PubMed1988

[Neonatal pulmonary pathology].

The authors study the detailed symptomatology of the respiratory distress syndrome in the new born, and review the principal pulmonary pathologies encountered in the neonatal period. For each one the physiology, epidemiology and the clinical and paraclinical aspects were studied as well as those factors concerning the evolution and prognosis. Therapy was also discussed and for certain disorders the future prospects in this field.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia↗
PubMed1988

[Comparison of arterial and transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia].

Transcutaneous PO2 (PTCO2) (Radiometer electrode heated to 44 degrees C) was compared to arterial PO2 (PaO2) in 19 infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: 12 infants were tested once, at the mean postnatal age of 14 weeks (range 4-43 weeks), the other 7 infants were studied longitudinally from 5 weeks (range 2-8 weeks) to 12 weeks (range 6-18 weeks) of postnatal age. The protocol was standardized: measurement during behavioral stage 1, using a peripheral arterial line. Twenty-eight comparisons between PTCO2 and PaO2 were obtained. PTCO2 was significantly related to PaO2 [PTCO2 (mmHg) = 0.81 PaO2 + 5.2, r = 0.73, p less than 0.01]. The mean difference PTCO2 - PaO2 was -7.2 mmHg (range: -34.5 to + 33); in the studied age range the PTCO2 - PaO2 was not significantly related to postnatal age (r = -0.24; p greater than 0.1).

Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous↗