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Biomedical subjects

J Etienne

Publications and source records attributed to J Etienne.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Evaluation of the API 20 STREP system for species identification of streptococci associated with infective endocarditis.

A rapid commercial system (API 20 STREP gallery, API System, France) for the identification of streptococci was compared with conventional biochemical or serological methods. 77 clinical isolates from patients with infective endocarditis and six reference strains were tested. Biochemical tests showing differences between conventional methods and the API gallery were the acidification of inulin and the Voges-Proskauer reaction, but these differences did not affect the final identification of any strain. 75 strains were identified by the API system and 70 by conventional methods. 69 strains (25 groupable and 44 of 51 non-groupable streptococci) were given the same identity by both methods. One S. morbillorum was only identified by the conventional method. Seven S. sanguis I strains were identified only by the API system and confirmed by additional biochemical tests. The API gallery is a useful method for identifying streptococci associated with infective endocarditis, agreeing with conventional methods in 90% of strains. Results are usually available in 24 h.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1984

Antibiotic susceptibility of streptococcal strains associated with infective endocarditis.

Seventy-six strains of various species of streptococci isolated from patients with infective endocarditis were tested for their susceptibility to 13 antibiotics by an agar dilution method. The antibiotics tested were: benzyl-penicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, vancomycin, erythromycin, rifampicin, pristinamycin, gentamicin, netilmicin, tobramycin, amikacin, dibekacin and streptomycin. Excluding enterococci, 91% of strains were sensitive to benzylpenicillin. Resistance to benzylpenicillin was only found in some strains of S. sanguis I, S. sanguis II and S. mitis. Enterococci were more sensitive to ampicillin. Cefotaxime was highly active against all strains, except enterococci. Vancomycin was active against all strains. Resistance to erythromycin was found in 16% of isolates. Rifampicin and pristinamycin were highly active against all strains, except some enterococci. Gentamicin and netilmicin were the most active of the six aminoglycosides tested. High level resistance to streptomycin was seen in six strains. Overall, S. agalactiae was more resistant to the aminoglycosides than the other species. Among the non-groupable streptococci, strains of S. mitis, S. sanguis I and S. sanguis II were the least sensitive to many antibiotics. Benzylpenicillin remains the antibiotic of choice for the treatment of IE caused by streptococci. If the MIC exceeds 0.1 mg l-1, an aminoglycoside (netilmicin or gentamicin) should be added and the duration of treatment increased from 4 to 6 weeks.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1984

[Effects of a partial agonist of beta 1 adrenergic receptors (ICI 118,587) on left ventricular performance and metabolism in coronary disease].

ICI 118/587 is a partial agonist of beta 1 adrenergic receptors, a partial agonist being an agent which has both agonist and antagonist properties. The agonist properties of ICI 118/587 stabilise 43 p. 100 of the maximal activity of the beta 1 receptors whilst preventing a resulting increase in sympathetic stimulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of this new inotropic agent on left ventricular function and metabolism in patients with chronic myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction. The study of LV function was performed in an initial group of 14 patients. After control left ventriculography, the injection of 0,1 mg/kg of ICI 118/587 increased the peak dP/dt by 35 p. 100 (p less than 0,005), reduced mean systolic parietal stress by 8 p. 100 (p less than 0,05) and LV end systolic volume from 58 to 53 ml/m2 (p less than 0,05). The global ejection fraction rose slightly, largely due to increases in the regional ejection fractions of abnormal segments (from 20 +/- 5 p. 100 to 26 +/- 5 p. 100, p less than 0,02). Left ventricular diastolic function also improved as shown by a 38 p. 100 fall (p less than 0,001) in mean diastolic stress and an increase in the time constant of isovolumic relaxation. The metabolic effects of ICI 118/587 were assessed in a second group of 11 patients with anterior myocardial infarction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1984

[Lipoprotein lipase].

Functional LPL is located on the membrane of the endothelial cells which line the capillaries, in direct contact with circulating blood. By means of LPL, the tg contained in VLDL and plasma chylomicrons are hydrolysed. The fatty acids released by this hydrolysis can then be taken up, for oxidative use or for storage (such as adipocytes which store these fatty acids in the form of tg. A deficiency of LPL or of an LPL activator (such as apo CII) or the presence of in vivo inhibitors of LPL obviously results in a hypertriglyceridaemia. These cases are nevertheless relatively rare.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of nicardipine or nifedipine added to propranolol in patients with coronary artery disease.

To assess the added effects of nicardipine and beta-blockers on the left ventricular (LV) function, 2.5 mg of i.v. nicardipine was given to 9 patients with coronary artery disease, pretreated with propranolol (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.). The changes in LV function observed after nicardipine were compared with those induced by nifedipine (20-30 mg sublingually), in 8 comparable patients also pretreated with propranolol. Nicardipine normalized the cardiac output and the rate of LV relaxation, both depressed by propranolol, without changes in LV filling pressure. After nicardipine, end-systolic volume (52 to 42 ml/m2; P less than 0.01) and ejection fraction (59 +/- 8 to 66 +/- 9%; P less than 0.01) improved; the mean systolic and diastolic wall stresses decreased respectively by 19% (P less than 0.01) and 21% (P less than 0.01) whereas the maximal LV pressure/volume ratio (Emax), an index of LV inotropic state, was unchanged (+4%; NS). Further, although nicardipine and nifedipine produced identical changes in LV systolic pressure (-25 vs -26 mmHg; NS nicardipine vs nifedipine) and in heart rate, the changes in end-systolic volume (-9 +/- 4 vs -3 +/- 9 ml/m2; P less than 0.005), in Emax (+0.14 +/- 0.31 vs -0.20 +/- 0.22 mmHg/ml/m2; P less than 0.025) and in ejection fraction (+7 +/- 4 vs +2 +/- 4%; P less than 0.025) were significantly greater after nicardipine than after nifedipine. In conclusion, nicardipine administered after propranolol improves LV pump function and has no negative inotropic effects as indicated by the lack of dP/dt Max and Emax changes. These additive effects of nicardipine after propranolol were greater than those of nifedipine administered at an equipotent vasodilator dosage.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Bacteriologic study of 125 cases of infectious streptococcal endocarditis].

Streptococci remain the bacterial group the most frequently associated with microbial endocarditis. This paper points out the ability of the different species to cause endocarditis. 128 streptococci are isolated from patients with microbial endocarditis (127 from blood cultures, 1 from a valve). Isolates are speciated by biochemical tests and the determination of their group antigen. The viridans streptococci most frequently isolated are S. sanguis I (27 p. cent), S. mitis (16,5 p. cent) and S. sanguis II (9,6 p cent). A comparative survey of the results is rather difficult due to the methodological and taxonomical divergences.

Endocarditis, Bacterial↗
PubMed1983

Insulin regulation of fat cell ribosomes, protein synthesis, and lipoprotein lipase.

Ribosomes of high purity were isolated from fat cells by discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation. Approximately 23% of the ribosomes were membrane bound. A reproducible fraction of ribosomes was recovered as polysomes capable of incorporating [3H]leucine into peptides in a cell-free system. Insulin (0.1-1.0 mU/ml) produced an increase in polysomal activity. Linear sucrose gradient profiles also revealed an increase in the ratio of polysomes to total ribosomes. Coincident with this effect, insulin increased the lipoprotein lipase activity fraction inhibitable by cycloheximide (0.01 mg/ml), and the immunotitratable enzyme activity. Insulin also enhanced the incorporation of labeled amino acids into adipose tissue immunoprecipitable lipoprotein lipase and total fat cell proteins. Cordycepin (0.1 mg/ml) or alpha-amanitin (10 micrograms/ml) partially inhibited insulin effects on ribosomes and protein synthesis but not on lipoprotein lipase. EGTA (1mM) prevented all of the insulin effects, whereas the calcium ionophore A-23187 (2 microM) augmented the hormone actions. The ionophore alone partially mimicked the insulin effects. In adipocytes, insulin increased the size of the protein-synthesizing polysomal pool by a mechanism which, in part, requires nuclear mRNA processing. Insulin, however, increased lipoprotein lipase synthesis independent of nuclear events. Calcium ions may be important for the expression of these insulin effects.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

Preliminary results of hepatitis B vaccination (HEVAC B) in healthy subjects and haemodialysis patients.

Hepatitis B vaccine (Hevac B, Pasteur) was assessed in 52 healthy and 25 haemodialysis individuals. The percentage of hepatitis B surface antibody seroconversion was 100% in the first group but only 57.7% in the other one. The mean levels of hepatitis B surface antibody, 3 months after the first injection were respectively 222 and 42 milli International Units per ml. Five health-care workers, who experienced an accidental exposure were protected by a combined passive-active immunization.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Routine urinary oxypurine assays for the detection of xanthine-oxidase deficiency (author's transl)].

Xanthine-oxidase deficiency should be suspected whenever hypouricaemia coexists with hypouricuria and hyperoxypurinuria. In 18 months. Two new cases of xanthinuria were detected by routine urinary oxypurine assay among 10,000 patients where uricaemia was systematically tested. The xanthine-oxidase deficiency was associated with Hodgkin's disease in one case and with uncomplicated pregnancy in the other.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Comparative study of the effects of argon and neodymium YAG laser beams on the normal fundic wall in the beagle dog.

A study was performed to compare the lesions induced by argon and neodymium YAG laser beams in the normal fundic wall of the same beagle dogs and to follow their healing over a 21-day period. The total energy per application was 21 joules for the argon laser and 53 joules for the neodymium YAG laser. Both laser beams were emitted from the same distance, directed at right angles to the tissue surface, and with the same flow rate of coaxial gas. Thirty-nine shots were performed with each type of laser. Differences between the two lasers were observed in the appearance of the impacts, the volume of tissue affected, and the rate of healing, but all the lesions healed without any perforation. The differences observed were probably due to differences between the two lasers in the radial distribution of luminous energy and its absorption and transformation within the tissue into heat. It was concluded, however, that under the experimental conditions chosen, both kinds of laser could be used to penetrate the mucosal and submucosal tissue without risk of damage either to the longitudinal or to the serosal layers of the fundic wall.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Activable phospholipase a2 of rat blood platelets].

Rat blood platelet lysate showed high phospholipase A2 activity and contained much less than activating factor much greater than which increased phospholipase A2 activity. The phospholipase A2 and the much less than activating factor much greater than were eluted together in the same first protein fraction obtained by chromatography on a G 100 Sephadex column washed with tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.2). This mixture of proteins can be further fractionated on a Sepharose Blue CL 6B column in 2 protein fractions. The first fraction eluted by tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.2) showed 10 percent of the initial phospholipase activity; the second fraction eluted by NaCl 1 M-tris HCl buffer (pH 7.2) which showed no phospholipase activity, contains activating factor; if both fractions are mixed the initial phospholipase activity is almost totally restored. In conclusion, in rat blood platelets, phospholipase activity originates in a great part from the association of an much less than activable phospholipase much greater than and an much less than activating factor much greater than.

Animals↗