Autoimmune-associated hemophagocytosis.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
J Endo
Publications and source records attributed to J Endo.
HLA class II genotyping by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP) in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
Recently, genotyping of HLA class II alleles by digestion of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified polymorphic DNA region with restriction endonucleases (PCR-RFLP) has been reported and claimed to be a simple and reliable technique. We tested the use of PCR-RFLP for genotyping of DQA 1, DQB 1, DPB 1 and DRB 1 alleles of 40 normal individuals and 19 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In agreement with previous reports, we observed an association of SLE with the DRB 1*1501-DQA 1*0102-DQB 1*0602 haplotype and noted an unreported association with DPB 1*0501. Although these observations must be confirmed with larger sample sizes, we believe that the PCR-RFLP is simpler and more practical than the sequence-specific oligonucleotides (PCR-SSO) for genotyping and can be invaluable to the more widespread molecular determination of HLA-class II specificities, including in non-specialized laboratories.
Genotype↗
[Comparative studies of the tridosha theory in Ayurveda and the theory of the four deranged elements in Buddhist medicine].
It has been said that the tridosha theory in Ayurveda originated from the theory of the three elements of the universe. The names of these three doshas, which are roughly equivalent to humour, are vata (wind), pitta (bile), and Kapha (phlegm), corresponding to the three elements of the universe: air, fire, and water. On the other hand, Buddhist medicine which has a close relation to Ayurveda is based on the theory of the four elements of the universe which includes the earth as well as the three elements mentioned above. Greek medicine on the other hand, is founded on the theory of the four humours, i.e. blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. Furthermore, even in Ayurveda, like in "Sushruta Samhita", the theory of the four humours can be found: this includes the above-mentioned tridosha plus blood as the fourth humour. "Timaios" by Plato also mentions this. We compared these various theories and pointed out that the tridosha theory had its origin in the theory of the four elements of the universe. The process of the formation of the tridosha theory is considered as follows: (1) "Earth" was segregated from the four elements of the universe owing to its solid properties, and was rearranged into the seven elements of the body called "dhatu"; and the other three elements. "water", "fire", and "air", were integrated as the tridosha theory, namely, the theory of the three humours, owing to their properties of fluid; (2) "Blood", assigned to the element of "earth", was segregated from the tridosha because "blood" was considered to be comprised of the properties of every humour without having its own peculiar properties. Therefore, the diseases caused by deranged "blood" were regarded as an aggregate disease caused by the other three deranged humours. Then the category of the disease, caused by deranged "earth", did not appear.
Buddhism↗
[Detection of heterogeneous MRSA by using the PCR method and population analysis].
To assess the clinical usefulness of the PCR method for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by targetting the mecA gene, we surveyed 150 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and compared the results of the PCR method with those of the standard broth microdilution method. Fifty-four isolates (36%) were positive for the mecA gene and two of them, presenting coagulase type IV, were recognized as susceptible strains by microdilution method, while all the other mecA positive strains were drug-resistant. Population analysis revealed that these two strains were heterogeneous in terms of drug-resistance and composed of two populations of cells; i.e., relatively susceptible cells and highly resistant cells. The discrepancy between the phenotypic expression (drug-resistance) and the genotype (mecA gene) seems to be due to the small percentage of highly resistant cells. Drug-resistant colonies could be induced in these strains by the contact with methicillin, indicating the selective increase of the population of resistant cells by a passage in the drug. These observations suggest that it is clinically important to detect the resistance-inducible strains (prototype MRSA) by using the PCR method and population analysis.
Bacteriological Techniques↗
Comparison of salt sensitivity of male and female F2 progeny from crosses between WKY and SHRSP rats.
1. The present study compared the salt sensitivity of male and female F2 progeny obtained from crosses between Wistar-Kyoto/Izumo rats and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP A3b/Izm) after salt loading for 7 months. 2. Average systolic blood pressure in male F2 progeny was 10 mmHg higher than that of female F2 progeny at 5 months without salt loading. 3. The blood pressure in male F2 progeny was raised significantly 2 months after salt loading, but there was no further significant change in blood pressure even though salt loading was continued for 5 months. 4. In female F2 progeny, however, a significant change in systolic blood pressure was observed 1 month after salt loading and there was a further significant rise in blood pressure over 6 months. 5. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme and RR1023 loci were strongly linked to systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the male but not the female F2 progeny after salt loading for 7 months. 6. We therefore speculate that the hormonal difference between sexes might influence salt sensitivity in the SHRSP.
Animals↗
[Chemical and chemotaxonomical studies of ferns. LXXXV. Constituent variation of Microlepia marginata (2)].
A new chemotype of Microlepia marginata, P-type strain, was found in the Central districts of Japan. The two main constituents were characterized to be 2 beta,15(R),16-trihydroxy-ent-pimar-7-en-3-one (fumotoshidin A) and 3 alpha-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyloxy-15(R),16-dihydroxy-ent-pimar+ ++-7-ene (fumotoshidin arabinoside). The young fronds of this strain have reddish stripes, which is a common feature to Y-type strains also containing ent-pimarane-type glycosides.
Arabinose↗
c-myc protein expression during cell cycle phases in differentiating HL-60 cells.
We examined c-myc protein expression in cell cycle phases during differentiation induction of HL-60 cells by flow cytometry using an indirect immunofluorescence method. In exponentially proliferating HL-60 cells, c-myc protein was expressed in a cell cycle dependent manner. During the differentiation induction of HL-60 cells with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), c-myc protein was rapidly down-regulated in the G1/0 specific phase prior to the appearance of differentiation associated markers. Our results indicate that c-myc protein functions in the G1/0 specific phase in cellular differentiation, and the rapid down-regulation of c-myc protein in G1/0 phase is closely associated with initial differentiation programs.
Cell Cycle↗
[History of the syndromes of Yin (retention of body fluids) - the relationship between the syndromes of Yin in Chinese medicine and those of Yin in Buddhist medicine].
We traced the history of the term "yin" by means of Chinese medical books and classical Chinese Buddhist literature. As a result of our study, the following points became clear. The syndromes of yin described in the Shan han za bing lun are divided into two groups. Those of the first group are characterized by short retention of body fluids. The yu yin is representative of this group. On the other hand, those of the second group are distinguished by long retention of body fluids. The tan yin is typical of this group. It was deduced that the former group originated in Chinese traditional medicine because it is found in the Su wen and the Ling shu. The latter is supposedly derived from Buddhist medicine because it is similar to the syndromes of yin in Buddhist medicine.
Body Fluids↗
[The appropriateness of using the essential laboratory tests in a daily primary medical care].
The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical value on chemistry tests when we could eliminate panel of tests to be ordered. We adopted the questionnaire assessment method for getting feedback how attending physicians of the national university hospital were using the multiple laboratory tests for their daily primary medical care. Five kind of commonly ordered serum chemistry tests; total profile (1), 8 test items, total profile (2), 16 test items; pre-operation panel, 21 test items, revised total profile menus, 10 items and revised pre-operation panel, 14 items were reviewed by 134 physicians. Revised total profile menus which includes test items basically proposed by "the Essential Laboratory Tests in a daily primary medical care, The Japan Society of Clinical Pathology", has been found to be a useful disease-finding tool with acceptable costs in a national university hospital budget setting. However, it was suggested that the spectrum of detectable disorders could be broaden by adding few more test items such as CRP, glucose, Na, Cl and potassium in the proposed test menus.
Blood Chemical Analysis↗
Graft-versus-host antibody reaction causing a delayed hemolytic anemia after blood transfusion.
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Adult↗
Basal high blood pressure cosegregates with the loci on chromosome 1 in the F2 generation from crosses between normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.
We investigated the linkage between high blood pressure (BP) and microsatellite genotypes in the independently produced F2 progenies between Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) at the age of 2.5, 3 and 5 months before salt loading and after 2 month salt loading. In 2.5, 3 and 5 month-old male and female F2 progenies, blood pressure was significantly higher in homozygotes of the SHRSP allele at the two loci on rat chromosome 1, leukosianine (LSN) and myosin light chain (MYL2), than those of heterozygotes or WKY homozygotes. However, this strong cosegregation was attenuated after salt loading for 2 months. Basal (non salt-loaded) blood pressure strongly cosegregates with the loci on rat chromosome 1 and, therefore, putative gene(s) in this region contribute to the development of basal high blood pressure in SHRSP.
Aging↗
A new genetic locus cosegregating with blood pressure in F2 progeny obtained from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats.
BACKGROUND: Segregation studies using genomic polymorphisms on F2 progeny obtained from hypertensive rat models showed that a putative hypertensive gene is located close to the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene. However, it was suggested that additional major genes should contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension. METHODS: F2 rats were obtained from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats of Izumo colony. Blood pressure was measured with a photoelectronic oscillometric tail-cuff method before and during salt loading. Genomic DNA was extracted from livers and digested with HaeIII or Rsal. DNA fingerprinting was performed with 26 32P-labelled human variable number of tandem repeats markers. RESULTS: Eighty-seven fingerprint bands polymorphic between SHRSP and WKY were obtained. When the distribution of these bands in the F2 progeny was studied, one fingerprint band (1/MCT96.1) showed a distorted distribution between the high- and low-blood pressure subpopulations of the F2 rats, suggesting that the band cosegregated with blood pressure. When blood pressure was compared between the F2 rats with [(+) rats] and without [(-) rats] the 1/MCT96.1 band, it was found that (-) rats had significantly higher basal and salt-loaded blood pressures than (+) rats. The 1/MCT96.1 locus was also shown to have no positive linkage with the ACE locus. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that examination of the allele distribution between subpopulations with extreme phenotype can be used in the screening of loci cosegregating with blood pressure. Furthermore, a locus not in the ACE region, showing cosegregation with blood pressure in F2 progeny from SHRSP and WKY rats, was found.
Animals↗
A favourable effect of long-term alpha-interferon therapy in refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
We successfully treated two patients with refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) with a weekly or monthly administration of alpha-interferon followed by short-course treatment with alpha-interferon. In both cases an increase in platelet count was brought about within 1 week after administration of alpha-interferon and the favourable response in platelet count was sustained over a few years with the weekly or monthly administration of alpha-interferon in the absence of any noticeable side-effects except for fever. So, alpha-interferon therapy seems to be beneficial in some cases of refractory ITP in terms of both remission induction and maintenance therapy.
Aged↗
[Studies of the fifth section in the introduction of the Qian jin yao fang - Writings quoted from the Shen nong ben cao jing and the Yao dui].
The fifth section in the introduction of the Qian jin yao fang is composed of three paragraphs. The first paragraph is the same as that of the Shen nong ben cao jing. The second and the third ones begin with the sentences of "Lei gong say ..." and "Yao dui says ..." respectively. We inquired into the origin of these three paragraphs. As a result of our investigation, we inferred that the first and the second paragraphs were part of the writings of the Lei gong ji zhu shen nong ben cao and that the third one was part of the Lei gong yao dui. We also pointed out that the substance of these paragraphs was influenced directly and indirectly by Buddhist medicine.
Buddhism↗
[Reconsideration of the concepts of the large intestine and the small intestine in Chinese traditional medicine].
It is the common view in Chinese traditional medicine that the small intestine is in the abdomen above the umbilicus and that the large intestine is in the abdomen below the umbilicus. However, our precise investigation clarified the following points. The first one is that the above view is found only in such anatomical descriptions as in the paragraphs of "Chang Wei" in the Ling Shu. The second one is that the opposite view is mentioned in the Su Wen, the Ling Shu, the Nan Ching, and the Chin Kuei Yao Lueh. According to this literature, the large intestine is in the abdomen above the umbilicus and the small intestine is in the abdomen below the umbilicus. We inferred the following points: 1) The former view results from the fact that biologically the organs connect in the order of the stomach, the small intestine and the large intestine. 2) The latter is based on the fact that the large intestine acutually occupies a great part of the upper part of the abdomen, and the small intestine occupies the lower part of the abdomen. In interpreting the literature of Chinese traditional medicine, it is necessary to consider these two different views of the intestines.
Anatomy↗
[History of the term "tan" (phlegm) (I) - Studies of the term "tan" described in classical Chinese translations of Buddhist literature].
We traced the origin of the term "tan" (phlegm) in Chinese traditional medicine. This term itself is not found in early works but is represented by the terms of tuo (saliva) and xian (drivel). However, in the theory of tri-dosa of Indian traditional medicine, phlegm is an important element. Our studies of classical Chinese translations of Buddhist literature showed that the concept of tan in Buddhist medicine was introduced into China through Buddhism.
Buddhism↗
[History of the term "tan" (phlegm) (II) -- studies of the term "tan" found in medical books before the Liang dynasty].
The first description of the term "tan" is found in the Shan Han Za Bing Lun published at the end of the later Han dynasty. This book refers to this term as a disorder of the cold fluid in the body. The meaning of this term was revised to a viscous fluid as the years went on. The term "tan" from the Zhou Hou Bai Yi Fang published in the Liang dynasty was the same sense of phlegm as that found in present works. Our studies showed that changes of the words used for the concept "phlegm" in Chinese medical books coincided with those in Chinese Buddhist literature. We suggested that the concept "phlegm" in Buddhist medicine influenced Chinese tradition medicine.
China↗