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Biomedical subjects

J Edwards

Publications and source records attributed to J Edwards.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Studies of adoptees from psychiatrically disturbed biological parents. III. Medical symptoms and illnesses in childhood and adolescence.

Analysis of data gathered from interviews with adoptive parents supports the hypothesis that female adoptees of antisocial biological backgrounds might have higher percentages of somatic symptoms. The authors compared female adoptees of antisocial parentage with male and female controls, male adoptees of antisocial parentage, and male and female adoptees whose biological parents had other psychiatric conditions. They stress the importance of this hypothesis in the diagnosis and management of childhood and adolescent "medical" and behavioral problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

A solid phase radioimmunoassay for pancreatic glucagon.

A solid phase radioimmunoassay procedure has been applied for the determination of glucagon and some variables of the assay procedure were studied. The sensitivity of the assay was 10 pg of glucagon for samples assayed in triplicate. This assay method which has a high precision and is technically simple as compared with other radioimmunoassays, was found to be suitable for studies on glucagon release in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Characterization of mononuclear effector cells in human blood.

The effector cells responsible for cytotoxic activity induced by phytohaemagglutinin, (PHA) pokeweed mitogen (PWM) target cells complexes with IgG antibody has been investigated using cell separation techniques based on rosette formation and separation through Hypaque-Ficoll mixtures. It was shown the PHA-induced cytotoxicity is predominantly a function of T cells and that Fc receptor-bearing cells are not involved to any major extent. Antibody-dependent killing is conversely a function of Fc receptor-bearing cells among which two subtypes can be distinguished. One of these has receptors for activated complement while the other bears Fc receptors only and has no detectable receptors for complement. PWM appears to induce cytotoxicity in both T- and non-T-cell populations but the major cell type involved appears to be Fc receptor-bearing cells similar to those mediating antibody-dependent killing. It is concluded that PHA and antibody-dependent killing are the two most useful assays for discriminating between the cytotoxic activity of T and non-T cell in clinical studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Serological relatedness of herpes simplex viruses. Type-specificity of antibody response.

The serological relatedness of forty-seven strains of type 1 and type 2 herpes simplex virus was investigated by reciprocal and non-reciprocal neutralization kinetics. Early rabbit antisera divided the virus strains into two distinct groups where confident indentification of virus type was possible. Hyperimmune mouse and rabbit antisera did not divide the two virus types into two distinct non-over-lapping groups. The extent of overlap varied with the particular attribute of the virus being studied. The virus types were best discriminated by their neutralizability by type 1 antisera and least well by their neutralizability by type 2 antisera. The results of reciprocal kinetic neutralization test with hyperimmune mouse antisera were analysed by multi-dimensional cluster analysis. Hyperimmune mouse or rabbit antisera could not be discriminated with respect to their immunogenic type by their absolute neutralization rate constants against either type 1 or type 2 virus, but could be distinguished on a group basis by their relative neutralizability against both virus types (antiserum specificity attribute); however, using this latter criterion, the type of immunogen could only be predicted in seven of the forty antisera under test. 'Early' mouse antisera could also be distinguished as groups by their absolute k-values against type 1 herpes virus. Thus, immunogenic identification, on other than a group basis, was unreliable. The specificity of a given serum was inversely related to its titre. There was a positive correlation between the specificity of a given virus strain and of its corresponding antiserum.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of 51Cr release and microcytotoxicity assays against human melanoma cells.

Comparisons of the cytotoxic activity of mononuclear cells from venous blood of human subjects against human melanoma cell lines have been made by means of the 51Cr release assay (CRA) and the microcytotoxicity assay (MCA) of Takasugi and Klein. The relative effectiveness of the two assays in the detection of killing by various sub-populations of effector cells was studied after depletion of monocytes and separation of the blood monocluear cells by SRBC receptor and Fc receptor resetting techniques. Overall, the results showed good correlation. Most differences were the result of low values recorded with the CRA when effector cells were obtained from Hypaque-Ficoll--separated populations which had not been further fractionated. These differences were largely removed when monocytes were depleted by glass absorption and may reflect interference with the CRA by monocytes. No consistent differences were found between the assays in the detection of killing by subfractions enriched for T cells or B cells in this tumour system. The MCA appears to offer the advantage of greater sensitivity and possibly detection of a wider range of cytotoxic mechanisms but the CRA has a number of advantages of a technical nature which make it more applicable to routine assays in clinical studies.

Antigen-Antibody Reactions↗
PubMed1975

Specificity of cell-mediated cytotoxicity against human melanoma lines: evidence for "non-specific" killing by activated T-cells.

The specificity of cell-mediated cytotoxicity against melanoma cells in vitro has been analyzed in a large number of studies with cells both from normal and melanoma subjects. As in a number of other, recent, similar human studies, no evidence for tumour specificity was found. Effector cells in peripheral blood responsible for the cytotoxic raction were examined by cell separation methods based on red cell rosette formation and separation through Hypaque-Ficoll mixtures. The evidence suggests that non-specificity results from killing by cells separating largely in the non-sheep red blood cell rosetting fraction and which have cytotoxic specificity directed broadly to cells with abnormal membranes. Further analysis revealed that the cells were non-phagocytic and did not bear receptors for complement. They appear to be activated into cell division and to bear surface receptors for the Fc portion of IgG. Additional evidence is presented suggesting that the cells mainly responsible are activated thymus-dependent cells present in the circulation of both tumour-bearing and normal subjects.

Antigen-Antibody Reactions↗
PubMed1975

Studies of adoptees from psychiatrically disturbed biologic parents. II. Temperament, hyperactive, antisocial, and developmental variables.

Temperament, hyperactivity, antisocial behavior, and developmental milestones were assessed in two groups of adoptees by interviewing the adoptive parents. One group, the "experimental," was born of psychiatrically disturbed biologic parents (N = 59). The second group, the "control," had psychiatrically "normal" parents (N = 54). Infants in each group were separated from their biologic parents at birth and had no further contact with them. Male "experimental" adoptees had excess number of temperament traits characteristic of the "difficult" child, as well as an excess of antisocial behaviors when contrasted with male control subjects. No differences between control and experimental females were found for these variables. Hyperactive behavior in the adoptees of each sex was associated more with antisocial parentage than in those of "normal" parentage.

Adolescent↗