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Biomedical subjects

J E Parisi

Publications and source records attributed to J E Parisi.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

MRI in the presurgical evaluation of patients with frontal lobe epilepsy and children with temporal lobe epilepsy: pathologic correlation and prognostic importance.

We performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a high-field strength magnet (1.5 T) in two series of 53 patients with intractable partial epilepsy of frontal lobe or temporal lobe origin who subsequently received ablative surgery for their seizure disorder. In the first series of patients the pathologic correlation and prognostic importance of an MRI-identified lesion in the frontal lobe were assessed. Twenty-five percent of the patients with negative MRI studies and 67% of patients with neuroimaging abnormalities restricted to the frontal lobe, were seizure-free at a minimum duration of follow-up of 1 year. None of the patients with a multilobar MRI-detected abnormality was seizure-free postoperatively. In the second study the sensitivity and specificity of MRI-based hippocampal volumetry was determined in pediatric patients with partial epilepsy of temporal lobe origin unrelated to foreign-tissue pathology. Hippocampal formation atrophy in the epileptic temporal lobe was identified in 63% of patients. The sensitivity and specificity of hippocampal volumetry was 100% in patients with mesial temporal sclerosis. The presence of an MRI-detected epileptogenic lesion in the frontal lobe and hippocampal formation atrophy in the temporal lobe may correlate with the underlying pathology and affect the identification of potential candidates for epilepsy surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Magnetic resonance imaging-based volume studies in temporal lobe epilepsy: pathological correlations.

We performed a prospective study correlating magnetic resonance imaging volume measurements of the hippocampal formation with histopathology in 24 patients with intractable partial epilepsy who subsequently underwent an anterior temporal lobectomy for their seizure disorder. Patients with mass lesions verified pathologically were excluded from this study. In 71% of patients, quantitative hippocampal formation atrophy correctly lateralized the temporal lobe of seizure origin; in 29%, the volume study was indeterminant. The severity of the pathological alterations in the hippocampus correlated with the hippocampal formation volume determination. Mesial temporal sclerosis was identified in the surgically excised temporal lobe in 15 patients. The magnetic resonance imaging volume studies indicated hippocampal atrophy in the temporal lobe resected in 14 of the 15 patients. Magnetic resonance imaging-based volume measurements of the hippocampal formation increase the diagnostic yield of magnetic resonance imaging scanning in patients with intractable partial epilepsy related to mesial temporal sclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Hemangiopericytoma of the central nervous system: a review of 94 cases.

Ninety-four cases of central nervous system hemangiopericytoma (CNS-HPC) are reported. Hemangiopericytoma was found more commonly in men than in women. The mean age at diagnosis was 40.9 years for men and 47 years for women. The tumor was found throughout the entire CNS, usually superficially and closely related to the meninges. Based on multiple histologic variables, the original tumors were divided into differentiated (n = 67) and anaplastic (n = 27). Anaplastic HPC was characterized by the presence of necrosis and/or greater than five mitoses per ten 400x microscopic fields, and at least two of the following microscopic features: hemorrhage, moderate to high nuclear atypia, and moderate to high cellularity. For those patients known to be dead, median survival time was 144 months for differentiated HPC and 62 months for anaplastic HPC. Fifty-seven (60.6%) patients had one or more recurrences and metastasis developed in 22 (23.4%). Thirty-five of 56 patients with differentiated HPC had recurrence, while 22 of 26 patients with anaplastic HPC had recurrence. Bone, liver, lung, central nervous system, and abdominal cavity were the most common sites of metastasis. Postoperative radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy were significantly associated with increased patient survival time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Primary angiosarcoma of the central nervous system. Study of eight cases and review of the literature.

Angiosarcoma arising in the central or peripheral nervous system has rarely been reported. Eight patients with primary angiosarcoma of the central nervous system are described here; these included five males and three females ranging in age from 2 weeks to 72 years (mean 38 years). Of the eight neoplasms, six were located in the cerebral hemispheres and one was in the meninges; the site was unknown in the other. All patients underwent surgical resection. Five of the eight patients died, four within 4 months after surgery and one after 30 months. Two of the remaining three patients were 17 and 27 years old at the time of diagnosis and were alive at follow-up review 39 and 102 months after surgery, respectively. One patient was lost to follow-up monitoring. Microscopically, all eight tumors demonstrated a well-differentiated pattern with irregular vascular channels and intraluminal papillae; in addition, four showed poorly differentiated solid areas. Immunohistochemical staining of neoplastic cells to factor VIII-related antigen and Ulex europaeus agglutinin I was performed in five tumors and was focally positive in four. No correlation could be shown between the histological features and the growth and biological behavior of the tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Prominent white matter lesions develop in Mongolian gerbils treated with 100% normobaric oxygen after global brain ischemia.

Carotid arteries were occluded bilaterally for 15 min in two groups of Mongolian gerbils. The first group received 100% oxygen during the first 3 h of reperfusion. During that period, room air was given to the second group. After 3 h, both groups received room air. Brains of gerbils that died within 14 days after occlusion were removed, fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. Gerbils that survived 15-28 days were perfused with formalin before their brains were removed and embedded in paraffin. Adjacent, serially cut sections were stained with luxol fast blue (LFB)-H&E, cresyl violet, according to the Bodian method, or immunocytochemically with antisera raised against myelin basic protein (MBP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In brain sections of gerbils receiving 3 h of 100% oxygen, there were circumscribed white matter lesions in the corpus striatum, lateral thalamus, mesencephalon and posterior limb of the internal capsule. Myelin sheaths were swollen, fragmented and were less intensely stained by MBP antiserum. MBP and LFB-stained myelin fragments were present extracellularly and in macrophages. Many axons in these areas appeared undamaged. Previously described ischemic changes were found in gray matter and some areas of white matter in both groups. However, neurons in the deeper laminae of the cerebral cortex appeared to be better preserved in gerbils given oxygen. The results suggest that hyperoxia, if present immediately after transient brain ischemia, may damage myelin more severely than other cellular elements.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Lateral ventricular neoplasms of the brain: differential diagnosis based on clinical, CT, and MR findings.

The differential diagnosis of lateral ventricular tumors was explored by retrospective analysis of 47 pathologically proved cases identified by CT and/or MR imaging. Third ventricular tumors adjacent to the foramen of Monro (e.g., colloid cysts) were excluded. Forty-six patients underwent CT, and eight had MR imaging. The most common neoplasms were choroid plexus papilloma (10 cases) and meningioma (nine cases). Other common neoplasms included subependymoma (six cases), subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (five cases), and metastasis/lymphoma (four cases). Important features for differential diagnosis included age of the patient, the tumor's location within the lateral ventricle, and density on CT before IV administration of contrast material. Fifty percent of the tumors were in the ventricular atrium. All intraventricular tumor types (except subependymoma) showed contrast enhancement. MR was most useful in evaluating tumor location, size, and extent, but it did not help in eliminating alternative diagnoses. On the basis of patients' ages, specific tumor location, and the appearance on CT scans or MR images, an algorithm for differential diagnosis of lateral ventricular tumors was developed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Symptomatic pineal cyst: case report.

Pineal cysts are being described with increasing frequency since the advent of magnetic resonance imaging. Although pineal cysts are incidental findings in as many as 4% of magnetic resonance imaging studies, symptomatic pineal cysts are quite rare. We present a case of pineal cyst causing aqueductal obstruction with symptomatic hydrocephalus and resultant headache and syncope, which was treated by surgical resection. A review of the relevant literature and discussion follow.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Lateral ventricular neoplasms of the brain: differential diagnosis based on clinical, CT, and MR findings.

The differential diagnosis of lateral ventricular tumors was explored by retrospective analysis of 47 pathologically proved cases identified by CT and/or MR imaging. Third ventricular tumors adjacent to the foramen of Monro (e.g., colloid cysts) were excluded. Forty-six patients underwent CT, and eight had MR imaging. The most common neoplasms were choroid plexus papilloma (10 cases) and meningioma (nine cases). Other common neoplasms included subependymoma (six cases), subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (five cases), and metastasis/lymphoma (four cases). Important features for differential diagnosis included age of the patient, the tumor's location within the lateral ventricle, and density on CT before IV administration of contrast material. Fifty percent of the tumors were in the ventricular atrium. All intraventricular tumor types (except subependymoma) showed contrast enhancement. MR was most useful in evaluating tumor location, size, and extent, but it did not help in eliminating alternative diagnoses. On the basis of patients' ages, specific tumor location, and the appearance on CT scans or MR images, an algorithm for differential diagnosis of lateral ventricular tumors was developed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Neuropathological changes in early HIV-1 dementia.

Early pathological abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-related dementia have not been well documented. We report a homosexual man with fatigue and intermittent diarrhea in whom early HIV-1-related dementia was demonstrated during neurological screening in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Within 4 months he died of massive epistaxis, and the brain revealed astrocytosis of white matter and mild pallor of myelin staining in the absence of inflammation, multinucleated giant cells, and brain atrophy.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1989

Effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine in the dog: effect of pargyline pretreatment.

Adult beagle dogs of either sex were injected with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-HCl (2.5 mg/kg, i.v.) alone or after pretreatment with pargyline (5.0 mg/kg, s.c., twice), with pargyline alone, or were uninjected. Groups were killed 2 h, 3 weeks, or 3 months after injection, and several brain areas were assayed for biogenic amines and their synthetic and degradative enzymes. MPTP caused a massive and permanent loss of striatal dopamine, tyrosine hydroxylase, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase activities and the loss of cells within the substantia nigra pars compacta. Dopamine and norepinephrine also were depleted to various degrees in cortex, olfactory bulb, and hypothalamus; however, dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in cortex was normal. There was no cell loss in the ventral tegmental area or locus ceruleus. The activities of monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and MAO-B in cortex and caudate were not affected by MPTP. Despite a permanent loss of the nigrostriatal system, the dogs exhibited only a transient hypokinesia lasting 1-2 weeks. Pargyline pretreatment prevented the loss of striatal dopamine and cells from the substantia nigra, but did not prevent a prolonged but reversible decrease in the concentration of dopamine metabolites. It is argued that this apparent inhibition of MAO is due not to suicide inactivation of the enzyme by MPTP, but to reversible inhibition by accumulation of the pyridinium metabolite, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, selectivity in aminergic terminals.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1987

Diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by brain biopsy with biotin labeled DNA:DNA in situ hybridization.

DNA:DNA in situ hybridization using a cloned JC virus (JCV) DNA probe labeled with biotin confirmed the presence of JCV DNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain biopsies from four cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Only small pieces of tissue were available in each case. Detection of the JC DNA:DNA hybrids was carried out by affinity cytochemistry. JCV DNA was identified predominantly in the nuclei of interfascicular oligodendrocytes in demyelinated areas of the biopsies. JC virus was isolated from one case, and the diagnosis of PML was substantiated in all cases by electron microscopic identification or immunocytochemical labeling of JC viral antigen. In situ hybridization using a biotin labeled JCV DNA probe is a specific, sensitive and convenient method for confirming the diagnosis of PML in suspected cases evaluated by brain biopsy.

Adult↗