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Biomedical subjects

J Dry

Publications and source records attributed to J Dry.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Systemic allergic reactions to corticosteroids.

Allergic anaphylactic (type I) reactions to corticosteroid medications are uncommon; however, a number of well-documented cases have been reported. We present a review of the literature, and report on two patients who suffered anaphylaxis after injections of corticosteroids. The first patient, a registered nurse, was finally found to be sensitive to all corticosteroid preparations containing carboxymethylcellulose, as well as the pure carboxymethylcellulose. The second patient had positive skin tests to hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone sodium succinate, methylprednisolone sodium succinate, and suxamethonium. Both patients were tested on two occasions; four normal subjects were tested in parallel, and did not elicit any positive skin reaction. In patients with systemic severe reactions to injectable corticosteroids, we recommend careful and comprehensive skin testing with most available corticosteroids, as well as the components of the injectables.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Blocking antibodies to inhalant allergens and asthma.

The mechanisms of specific immunotherapy are not still established. Among the lot of immunological changes, induced by immunotherapy, the increase of specific IgG 1, and then of IgG 4 antibodies, during the first months is well demonstrated. The skin-tests, the histamine-release and the human basophil degranulation are significantly decreased after incubation of allergen with the serum of desensitized patients. This antigen neutralizing capacity (blocking antibodies) disappeared when IgG 4 were suppressed from the serum by the mean of activated columns linked either with allergen, or protein A or antihuman IgG4 antibodies. Conversely, the total amount of serum blocking activity was found using pure IgG 4. However, the role of IgG 4 antibodies remains a subject of controversy. Since a clear correlation has yet to be established with symptom scores.

Allergens↗
PubMed1990

[Plasma releasing factors in common migraine].

Many platelet abnormalities have been described in migraine, but they are now regarded as secondary phenomena rather than primary causative factors. In this study, we attempted to assess the presence of bioamine-releasing factors in the plasma of patients with common, non-dietary migraine. Blood samples were collected from 17 such patients, either during attacks (n = 9) or during attack-free periods (n = 8). Ten healthy volunteers served as controls. Release experiments were performed by adding 1 volume as controls. Release experiments were performed by adding 1 volume of migraineur's platelet-poor plasma to 1 volume of either control's whole blood (histamine release) or isolated platelets (catecholamines or serotonin release). Endogenous unconjugated bioamines were measured in whole blood and in isolated platelets from migraineurs' blood collected during and between attacks. We also measured plasma levels of histamine and of unconjugated and conjugated serotonin and catecholamines, as well as the inhibition of serotonin uptake and labelled serotonin release from controls' platelets in the presence of migraineurs' plasma collected during or between attacks. The results obtained suggest the presence of two plasma bioamine-releasing factors: a histamine-releasing factor present in migraineurs' blood during and between attacks, and a catecholamine and serotonin releasing factor present only during attacks in migraineurs' platelet-poor plasma. The latter factor is thermolabile and dialysable, with an apparent molecular weight lower than 16 kd. Gel-filtered fractions of semi-purified catecholamine-serotonin releasing factor induced the same events as the migraineurs' platelet-poor plasma from which they were obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Two identical active X chromosomes in human mammary carcinoma cells.

Chromosome G-banding analysis of two human mammary carcinoma cell lines, Elco and MCF-7, showed the existence of two X chromosomes in both cell lines. To determine the state of activity of the X chromosomes, a methylation-sensitive restriction endonuclease, HpaII, was used to distinguish the active X from the hypermethylated, inactive X chromosome with a probe for the phosphogalactokinase locus by Southern blot hybridization. DNA digested with the restriction enzymes PstI and BstXI showed a band at either 1.05 or 0.9 kilobases. After HpaII digestion, a 50% reduction in intensity was observed in the female controls, whereas total reduction of the band was observed for the tumor cell lines and the male control. This indicates the absence of an inactive X and the presence of only active X chromosomes in the mammary carcinoma cell lines and the male control. To investigate the mechanisms involved in the alteration of the X chromosome composition and activity, restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of seven additional X chromosome markers (L1.28, DX13, p52A, pX65H7, L782, pA13.RI, and pXG-12) were performed on the DNA isolated from the tumor cells and controls. Heterozygosity for at least one of the seven markers was detected in the six female controls whereas only homozygosity was detected for each marker in the tumor cell lines and the male control. These results indicate that the two active X chromosomes identified in each of the two tumor cell lines are identical, resulting from duplication or nondisjunction of the active X and loss of the inactive X chromosome.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1990

Transposition of the oncogene ets-1 in t(11;19) translocation in acute leukemia.

The specific chromosomal rearrangement t(11;19)(q23;p13) has been identified as a nonrandom chromosomal rearrangement in acute leukemia. The breakpoint, 11q23, coincides with the ets-1 oncogene locus. However, only very few studies have been done to verify the genomic alteration and transposition of ets-1 in the t(11;19) chromosomal rearrangement. In the present study, we identified the t(11;19)(q23;p13) translocation in two acute leukemic cases. One of the cases, biphenotypic leukemia, has been followed thoroughly. An abnormal karyotype was identified in the patient's blood and marrow samples at diagnosis and at relapse, while only normal karyotypes were identified at remission. In situ hybridization of chromosomal preparations with the ets-1 probe pHE5.4 resulted in silver grains nonrandomly localized to 19p13 in the metaphase spreads prepared from the blood sample taken at relapse, while no detectable grains were found on chromosome 19p13 in a sample taken at remission. To determine if genomic alterations of ets-1 are associated with this translocation, Southern blot hybridizations with the pHE5.4 probe were performed on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) isolated from blood or marrow samples of the patient at remission and relapse as well as on DNA from a disease-free normal control. Any DNA digested with AvaII, SstI, XbaI, and Bam HI, followed by hybridization with pHE5.4, demonstrated no genomic alterations or amplification of the ets-1 oncogene. Our study indicates that the ets-1 oncogene is transposed in the t(11;19) translocation without detectable alteration at the DNA level. The absence of ets-1 amplification in t(11;19) and its presence in the t(4,11) and t(9;11) translocations demonstrated by others suggests the possible existence of different molecular mechanisms involving the ets-1 oncogene in the pathogenesis of these leukemias.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1990

Contact urticaria and anaphylaxis to natural latex.

Immediate allergic reaction to natural latex of Hevea brasiliensis has been well documented. We report 17 cases, all in women. Twelve had an anaphylactic reaction during surgery and five had contact urticaria. Reactions to prick tests done through a washed surgical glove and with natural latex were positive in 15 of 17 patients and in 16 of 16 patients, respectively; specific IgE was found in 12 of 17 patients. In 206 control subjects, results of a prick test through a surgical glove were negative.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Predictive value of intradermal tests using muscle-relaxing drugs].

A retrospective postal inquiry was carried out to find out a possible relation between the results of intradermal tests carried out for a previous anaesthetic and the course of a second anaesthetic performed afterwards. This study included 350 patients who have had an intradermal test to vecuronium, alcuronium, suxamethonium, gallamine, pancuronium, thiopentone, fentanyl and droperidol between March 1984 and November 1986. Eighty-nine did not reply (25.4%), 183 (52.3%) did not undergo new general anaesthetic since the skin tests, whilst 78 (22.3%) did. The inquiry was then sent to the 73 anaesthetists corresponding to the last group of patients. The 51 complete answers included 62 anaesthetics. Twenty-four patients had negative intradermal tests before the new anaesthetic, the other 27 having had a test positive to at least one muscle relaxant. Of these latter, 16 were given a muscle relaxant during their general anaesthetic, selected among those resulting in a negative intradermal test. Thirteen had undergone skin testing because of an anaphylactic reaction during induction. No new anaphylactic reaction was observed. Three anaesthetists only were not aware of the results of the intradermal tests at the time of the new anaesthetic. These data tend to demonstrate that a muscle relaxant could be injected in a patient who has had a previous anaphylactic reaction with positive intradermal tests, provided that the drug chosen for the new anaesthetic does not give a positive intradermal reaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Long-acting propranolol in migraine prophylaxis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

The efficacy and safety of long-acting propranolol (LA.P), 160 mg once-daily, in the prophylactic treatment of migraine have been tested against placebo in a multicentric, double-blind, randomized study. The two groups are compared in a parallel manner over a treatment period of 12 weeks, following a 4-week placebo run-in period. Fifty-five of the 74 patients who entered the trial were included at the end of the run-in period. Forty-one patients completed the study. None of the 14 patients who withdrew from the study did so because of side effects. The statistical analysis was done according to the "intention to treat" principle. LA.P was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing the frequency of migraine attacks (p = 0.01 by variance analysis). LA.P reduced the average number of monthly crises by 48% on day 84. There was a slight but significant reduction of the systolic blood pressure and heart rate in the erect position, but there was no significant difference between LA.P and placebo regarding either the number of complaints or the number of side effects elicited out of a 17-item questionnaire. None of the observed side effects led to a withdrawal from treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Anaphylaxis to latex during surgery.

Five young women, all of whom had anaphylactic responses in operating units, are described. Three of them worked in a hospital three showed immediate hypersensitivity to fruit and all had known urticaria to latex. Anaphylaxis appeared progressively 15 to 30 minutes after injection of anaesthetic drugs. Skin tests with these drugs were negative. Skin prick tests through gloves and with four different allergen preparations (saline which had been incubated with gloves and three kinds of latex) were positive. Human basophil degranulation tests with all four allergens were positive and radio allergo sorbent tests to latex were also positive. IgE-dependent allergy to latex may be investigated by questionnaire and if necessary by prick tests before each operation to prevent anaphylaxis due to surgical gloves.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Blocking activity of mite-specific IgG antibodies studied by skin tests.

The aim of the study was to determine whether IgG antibodies from patients on specific immunotherapy could inhibit skin test reactivity of allergens when mixed with them prior to testing. In a preliminary double-blind study, mite extracts were incubated with glycero-saline solution or non-specific IgG and used in testing 15 patients. Wheal and flare diameters produced with the two mite extracts did not differ significantly. In a second double-blind study with 15 other patients, skin tests using mite extracts incubated with either non-specific IgG or specific IgG showed significantly decreased diameters when mite extracts were preincubated with specific IgG. This result, in vivo, confirms the antigen neutralizing capacity of specific IgG demonstrated in vitro.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Immediate hypersensitivity to latex: a new problem. Future perspectives].

From a series of 30 cases of immediate allergy to the latex of Hevea Brasiliensis, the authors recall the principal clinical aspects of these allergies, specially contact urticaria (during the use of surgical or cleaning gloves) and systemic anaphylactic accidents, essentially the anaphylactic shock during surgical procedures. They mention the diagnostic procedures; skin tests and measurement of specific IgE (RAST). They show the interest of biological research, yielding to the identification of the allergens of the latex in order to obtain non allergenic latex. Such a result would be of interest to limit the number of the accidents in a period where the use of rubber protective material is much larger/gloves and condoms).

Dermatitis, Contact↗