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J Dreyfus

Publications and source records attributed to J Dreyfus.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Phenotypic characteristics of early-onset autosomal-dominant type 2 diabetes unlinked to known maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) genes.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there are forms of early-onset autosomal-dominant type 2 diabetes that are distinct from typical maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and to characterize their phenotypic characteristics. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study included 220 affected subjects from 29 families in which early-onset type 2 diabetes occurred in multiple generations and was not linked to known MODY genes (MODY gene-negative families). All individuals underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and other clinical measurements aimed at investigating the underlying metabolic defect and the presence of diabetic complications. For comparison, 79 affected carriers of MODY3 (hepatocyte nuclear factor [HNF]-1 alpha) mutations were similarly examined. RESULTS: Subjects from MODY gene-negative pedigrees were diagnosed with diabetes at an older age (36 +/- 17 vs. 21 +/- 10 years, P = 0.0001) and were more frequently obese (52 vs. 18%, P = 0.0001) than MODY3 individuals. MODY gene-negative patients who were insulin treated required more exogenous insulin than did MODY3 subjects (0.7 +/- 0.4 vs. 0.45 +/- 0.2 U.kg-1.day-1, P = 0.04), despite similar C-peptide levels. Among subjects not treated with insulin, MODY gene-negative subjects had significantly higher serum insulin levels, both fasting (16.5 +/- 15 vs. 6.5 +/- 5 microU/ml, P = 0.027) and 2 h after a glucose load (53 +/- 44 vs. 11 +/- 10, P = 0.002). They also had higher serum triglycerides (P = 0.02), higher cholesterol levels (P = 0.02), more hypertension (P = 0.0001), and more nephropathy (P = 0.001). Differences persisted when families were matched for age at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate the existence of forms of early-onset autosomal-dominant type 2 diabetes that are distinct from MODY and are frequently characterized by insulin resistance, similar to later-onset type 2 diabetes. Because of the Mendelian pattern of inheritance, the goal of identifying the genes involved in these forms of diabetes appears to be particularly feasible.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

HB-GAM/pleiotrophin but not RIHB/midkine enhances chondrogenesis in micromass culture.

The heparin-binding growth-associated molecule HB-GAM (also named pleiotrophin) and the retinoic acid-induced heparin-binding protein RIHB (chicken midkine) are developmentally regulated proteins forming a new family of heparin-binding molecules with putative functions during cell growth and differentiation. A direct involvement of these molecules during chondrogenesis in vivo was suggested by their patterns of expression. The putative chondrogenic activity of these molecules was investigated in vitro using micromass cultures from chicken limb bud mesenchymal cells. Exogenous HB-GAM, not RIHB, was found to enhance chondrogenesis in this system. These results provide a strong incentive for considering and further investigating the role of this protein in the control of limb cartilage differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

HB-GAM/pleiotrophin: localization of mRNA and protein in the chicken developing leg.

The heparin-binding growth-associated molecule HB-GAM (also named pleiotrophin) is a developmentally-regulated protein that belongs to a new family of heparin-binding molecules with putative functions during cell growth and differentiation. In order to study the localization of HB-GAM during chicken embryogenesis, we produced specific monoclonal antibodies to this factor. HB-GAM protein is first observed at stage 23 in the developing nervous system and later in the forming cartilage. We present an investigation of the HB-GAM mRNA expression and HB-GAM protein distribution in the developing leg by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical studies. We focused our attention on the development of the tibia, where the HB-GAM protein appears at stage 27-28, i.e., just after the condensation of the mesodermal precursor cells of the chondrocytes. The protein then progressively accumulates in the central part of the embryonic cartilage (diaphysis). It persists until stage 42-44 in the regions where hypertrophic cartilage is being replaced by bone marrow. In contrast to the protein, the transcript is first detected at stage 26-27 and later expressed essentially in the epiphysis until stage 37. Therefore the localization of the mRNA does not parallel that of the protein and our data suggest a long half-life of the protein in the hypertrophic cartilage. In addition, the layer of stacked cells surrounding the cartilage core (usually considered as the osteoprogenitor cells) clearly expresses the HB-GAM message between stages 30-37 whereas differentiated osteoblasts do not. Furthermore, the distribution of HB-GAM protein in the osteoblast/osteoid layer suggests an involvement of this protein in early steps of osteogenesis. HB-GAM is absent from the newly formed bone.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Joint effect of gestational age and maternal lead exposure on psychomotor development of the child at six years.

A prospective study has been carried out to assess the psychomotor deficit resulting from a moderate decrease in gestational age and pre-natal lead exposure. The general cognitive index of the McCarthy psychometric scale (adjusted for confounders) in six-year-old children was related to gestational age. Most of the psychomotor scores showed smoothing variations with gestational age ranging from 37 to 39 weeks, whereas sharp changes occurred between 39 to 40 weeks, with plateau values above such a cut-off for all spheres of development examined. Maternal hair lead content, used as an indicator of lead exposure during pregnancy, was found to be negatively related to general cognitive, verbal, quantitative, and memory subscales (p less than 0.01), whereas its relationship with perceptual and motor subscales was close to 0.05 significance level. Control for gestational age did not change the significance level of the associations. When controlling for maternal hair lead levels, the significance of the association between gestational age and the McCarthy subscales also remained stable, only the general cognitive index and verbal subscale reaching the conventional significance level.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Real-time collection of obstetrical and neonatal data. 1 years' experience].

A real-time program for obstetrical and neonatal data was developed in June 1986 at the maternity hospital in Haguenau. Used routinely, this program has raised comments and controversy. With investigative questionnaires, we have attempted to evaluate how the introduction of computer sciences was perceived by the personnel as well as the patients.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1989

[Attempted analysis of the progressive development of prematurity between 1980 and 1985 at the maternity hospital in Haguenau].

The recent increase of premature births has led the authors to conduct an exhaustive, prospective investigation from computerized data, including 8,618 pregnant women who delivered at the Maternity Hospital in Haguenau between January 1980 and December 1985. Their results disclose a significantly increased ratio of premature births in the gravida I group and in women with a primary level of education, who were followed by a general practitioner. On the other hand, the ratio of premature births at 34 weeks and less, is also increased in people followed by a general practitioner, which is not the case for induced prematurity. These results, although preliminary, prompt the consultant to reconsider primary prevention in these groups with particular risks.

France↗
PubMed1989

[Adenomas of the liver and oral contraception. Clinical and therapeutic aspects apropos of a giant adenoma].

The first cases of benign liver tumors following estroprogestative therapy were described in 1973. Since that time, this relation between cause and effect has been demonstrated. The authors report the case of a giant liver adenoma which developed after 13 years of uninterrupted use of oral contraceptives. The advantage of this disease is not so much its prevalence which is low, but its clinical diagnosis. In fact, failure to recognize this entity may result in dramatic complications such as haemorrhagic rupture of the liver. The therapeutic approaches, whether wait-and-see or aggressive, all present a common objective: permanent discontinuance of estroprogestative drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Secular trend in the rate of small-for-gestational-age infants: Haguenau Study 1971-1985.

Between 1971 and 1985, at the Haguenau Maternity Hospital, a 20% decrease was observed in the rate of small-for-gestational-age infants (birthweight less than 10th centile using figures from all the study births) among 20,101 births between 28 and 42 weeks. This decrease could not be explained by simultaneous changes in socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics of the pregnant women, nor a recruitment bias. The earliness of prenatal care at the Maternity Hospital may have played a role in the downward trend. Further research is needed to confirm the influence of prenatal care on the rate of small-for-gestational-age babies.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Prevention of prematurity: Haguenau perinatal survey, 1971-1985].

A preterm birth prevention program was instituted in France in the early 1970s. Its effectiveness has been assessed through a perinatal study in Haguenau. A relationship between prenatal care improvement and preterm birth rate decrease was noted, but a causal interpretation cannot be derived from such an observational study. However, some arguments do support this interpretation: no satisfactory alternative explanation (such as biases in pregnancy duration measurement, change in the composition of the population of pregnant women, or secular trend), a plausible causal pattern, and a dose-response relationship between prenatal care and preterm birth rate. The Haguenau study results can be applied to other French regions, but extrapolation to other countries would depend on their social, medical and cultural contexts.

Female↗
PubMed1987

[Ovarian pregnancy. Apropos of 32 cases].

Ovarian pregnancies usually are diagnosed by the trophoblast which has gone into the ovarian tissue being found histologically. These pregnancies usually suggest haemorrhage from the corpus luteum or a rupture of ovarian cysts. The average age at which they appear is 29, just as it is the age for tubal pregnancies, but they do differ because there are few signs of infection and of infertility, and there are more multipara and women who are wearing an IUD. Two-thirds of ovarian pregnancies are on the peritoneal surface or in the hilum, away from the corpus luteum, and one-third are situated on the scar of the follicular ostium and have later infiltrated into the follicle. Most of these cases can be explained by reflux of the oocyte into the peritoneum.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Women's acceptance of a preterm birth prevention program.

A major modification in French national perinatal policy was proposed in 1970. Its primary aim was to reduce preterm births, and a specific program has been progressively applied to all pregnant women in France since 1971. Because the policy was introduced at a national level, it was possible to use a district hospital in Haguenau (northeastern France) as an observation site for measuring the effects of the change. A longitudinal study was begun in 1971 and continued for 12 years, during which time a total of 16,004 singleton pregnancies were followed. This article focuses on acceptance by the pregnant women in Haguenau in response to the new prenatal care proposals. A major reduction in preterm births is demonstrated, and the relationship between acceptance and observed changes in preterm birth is discussed. Certain time-related patterns were observed: it took time for the policy modification to be measurable; while the outcomes showed general improvement, results were closely related to the patient's social status; there were significant time-lag differences between social class groups with regard to acceptance of specific interventions.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1986

Precocious cervical ripening and preterm labor.

A group of 8303 women was studied to determine the timing of cervical ripening. It was confirmed that these signs of cervical change can be observed several weeks before preterm births. The precocious signs of external ripening can be recognized during a vaginal examination and may be useful in predicting preterm labor.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1986

[Results of 4 years' use of oxytocin and prostaglandins F2 alpha for ripening with postterm indications after the 41st week of amenorrhea].

The authors report a comparative study between the maturing and induction technique by prostaglandins F2 alpha and pitocin, and a reference population in spontaneous labor in extended pregnancies after 41 weeks and more of complete amenorrhea. It appears from this study that the severe fetal pathology linked to post-maturity has completely disappeared, but at the price of a higher rate of cesarean sections no matter which technique was used: pitocin or prostaglandins.

Dinoprost↗
PubMed1986

[Anatomical and physiological bases of labor onset].

The induction of labor involves a series of complex mechanisms, the control of which is only partially explained in humans. It is accepted today that the maturing of the uterine cervix is independent of the onset of uterine contractions. These two phenomena are regulated by a complex system where prostaglandins play a key role.

Female↗
PubMed1986

[Induced labor. Indications and contra-indications].

The authors report all present and future indications of the induction of a term delivery, as well as their contra-indications. They present their experience in prophylactic delivery, and propose a comparative study of the incidence in the recent literature of the main indications of induction.

Female↗
PubMed1986

The relationship between verdict, defendant characteristics, and type of crime in sex-related criminal cases.

In an earlier study, we unexpectedly found that defendants charged with sex crimes were four times less likely to be convicted than were all other defendants. We now report that failure to convict for rape was associated with failure to come to trial and that minor sex crimes were tried, but often continued without a finding, even when the judge found sufficient facts to make a guilty finding. Whether a minor crime involved a victim and whether the defendant has a criminal record both relate to verdict, but psychiatric history did not. The implications for understanding "acquittal of the guilty" are discussed.

Adolescent↗