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Biomedical subjects

J D Goodman

Publications and source records attributed to J D Goodman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Epidermoid cyst of testicle. Ultrasonographic characteristics.

Epidermoid cyst is a benign lesion of the testis which represents approximately 1 per cent of all testicular tumors. We describe a case in which preoperative ultrasound of the testis suggested a benign testicular lesion, thus permitting testis-sparing surgery. The proper management of this lesion remains a source of urologic controversy, and we review the rationales for both radical orchiectomy and simple excision.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of maternal cigarette smoking on fetal trunk movements, fetal breathing movements and the fetal heart rate.

The acute effect of maternal cigarette smoking was studied in 10 patients between 37 and 40 weeks gestation. There was a significant reduction in the percentage of time the fetus spent moving during the first 16 min of smoking (P less than 0.02). No significant changes were seen in the proportion of time the fetus spent breathing or the number of times the fetus changed from high or intermediate to low heart period variability. There were significant reductions in the number of accelerations (P less than 0.01), beat-to-beat variation (P less than 0.01) and root-mean-square of the deviation around the mean (P less than 0.02).

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Sonography of scrotal masses in healed meconium peritonitis.

Although sonography is the procedure of choice in evaluating testicular masses in infants, x-ray examination can confirm the diagnosis of healed meconium peritonitis by showing scattered intra-abdominal as well as intrascrotal calcifications. Failure to include an abdominal radiograph early in the evaluation of 2 infants admitted with hard scrotal masses resulted in delayed diagnosis of healed meconium peritonitis. The clinical progression of meconium peritonitis involving the scrotum starts with soft hydroceles at birth and progresses, as the meconium calcifies, to hard "tumor-like" masses at age 4-5 weeks. This paper stresses the sonographic characteristics of meconium peritonitis in the scrotum and the need for confirming radiographs of the abdomen.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1983

The effect of low-dose heparin on blood loss at abdominal hysterectomy.

In a double blind trial, the effect of prophylactic low-dose subcutaneous heparin or saline on peri-operative blood loss was studied in 100 women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Mean blood loss was 401 (SEM 75) ml and 246 (SEM 15) ml in the women who received heparin or saline, respectively. Coagulation studies were carried out during the pre- and post-operative phases in order to assess the contribution of any coagulation abnormalities to operative blood loss. In identifying patients at risk, platelet function tests were of some value.

Blood Coagulation Disorders↗
PubMed1983

Sonographic evaluation of non-inflammatory neck masses in children.

A review of the sonographic findings in 17 children with non-inflammatory neck masses suggests that while ultrasound is nonspecific with regard to the differential diagnosis, it can show whether a mass is cystic, solid, or complex. Sonography is also useful in clarifying the anatomical extent of a lesion and involvement of underlying normal structures.

Child↗
PubMed1983

The echoic pseudogestational sac of ectopic pregnancy simulating early intrauterine pregnancy.

The sonographic features of ectopic pregnancy have been well documented. When an early intrauterine pregnancy is identified or an obvious extrauterine sac is visualized, diagnosis is not a problem; but often a sac is seen within the uterus that may contain a well-defined rind and even internal echoes simulating an early fetal pole. This has been mistaken for an early intrauterine pregnancy. In this review, four patients with pseudogestational sacs had internal echoes within the sac, and two of them ultimately underwent dilatation and curettage, which revealed blood clots. This supports the assertion that fetal cardiac activity and/or fetal motion should be demonstrated within a fetal pole before the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is excluded.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Diurnal and other cyclic variations in human fetal heart rate near term.

In 10 healthy women near term, fetal heart rate, as monitored from an abdominal electrocardiogram, and its variation were analyzed over 24 hours. During the daytime, this was combined with real-time scanning for fetal breathing and movements. There was an episodic change in high and low pulse (R-R) interval variation with a mean cycle length of 92 minutes. The changes in cycle length were large; around midnight, episodes of high variation lasted up to 6 hours. Episodes of high variation coincided with greater fetal movement (measured only in daytime). Neither low nor high episodes were consistently related to fetal breathing. Both fetal heart rate and its variability showed a diurnal variation, by 11% and 50%, respectively; these were not statistically related. There was a particularly large change in pulse interval variation with peak values around midnight; concomitantly, there was a diurnal variation in the incidence of accelerations of defined size. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A comparison of episodic heart-rate patterns in the fetus and newborn.

Fourier analysis was applied to episodes of high and low heart-rate variation in the near-term fetus. The spectral densities of the variations in pulse intervals from 1 to 7 cycles/min, were almost identical with those found by De Haan et al. (1977) in the newborn infant during both active and quiet sleep. A computer programme, designed to separate low and high heart-rate variation episodes in the fetus, identified seven of the eight quiet sleep episodes in four infants. None of the other neonatal behavioural states had low heart-rate variation. It was concluded that, with other published data, there is increasing, although indirect, evidence that low heart-rate variation episodes indicate quiet sleep in the human fetus near term.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1981

Numerical analysis of the human fetal heart rate: the quality of ultrasound records.

A method is described for the computerized numerical analysis of fetal heart periods (pulse intervals). It uses a digital filter to separate the record into its high- and low-frequency components and, after removal of baseline variation, identifies accelerations and decelerations of all sizes. It provides an objective method for separating episodes of high heart period variation, normally associated with fetal movements, from episodes of low variation. When Doppler ultrasound is used in the last 10 weeks of gestation, failure time averages 40%. Signal loss is not randomly distributed; it is on average 75% greater during episodes of high heart period variation, although it is not particularly associated with fetal movements as identified by nurse or patient. Nevertheless a comparison of simultaneous direct ECG and ultrasound records shows that the latter provide reasonable statistical measures of heart period variation, and also of accelerations and decelerations provided that signal loss is taken into account. The system thus provides a particularly useful adjunct to the analysis of antenatal human fetal heart rate records.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1981

Numerical analysis of the human fetal heart rate: modulation by breathing and movement.

Signal averaging has been used to identify the modulation of fetal heart periods (pulse intervals) by body movements and breathing, identified by a real-time ultrasound scan in normal pregnancies of 37 to 39 weeks. Accelerations were associated with fetal movements and were accompanied by arrest of fetal breathing and a decrease in beat-to-beat variation. They were commonly succeeded by decelerations, with an increase in beat-to-beat variation, within 15 to 20 seconds. In the absence of gross accelerations or decelerations, fetal breathing was associated with a high-frequency modulation of heart periods, measureable as a small increase in beat-to-beat variation. There was clustering of this characteristic pattern around and within fetal breathing episodes, which suggests that it may be a more sensitive index of breathing than visual identification with ultrasound. The conclusions are: (1) the grosser episodic changes in fetal heart rate are associated with the regular repetition of a pattern of accelerations and movements repeated at intervals less than 2 minutes; (2) fetal breathing episodes are independent of these gross changes; (3) beat-to-beat variation alters in a complex fashion and in different directions in association with physiologic changes.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1980

Effects of maternal cigarette smoking on fetal breathing and fetal movements.

The effect of cigarette smoking on fetal breathing and fetal movements was studied in 10 women with low-risk pregnancy of 34 to 38 weeks' gestation. A continuous Doppler ultrasound method was used to measure fetal breath intervals. Smoking two cigarettes caused a small increase in the rate of fetal breathing (p < 0.01), which persisted for 60 minutes; the proportion of time the fetus spent breathing was not changed. There was a decrease in the number of fetal movements felt by the mother. These findings are discussed in relation to the alleged pathophysiologic effects of tobacco smoking on the fetus.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The effect of intravenous glucose on human fetal breathing measured by Doppler ultrasound.

Fetal breathing movements were recorded from 24 normal fetuses using the continuous Doppler ultrasound method. This system has been improved by the addition of a microprocessor which facilitates the accurate determination of breath to breath intervals. A control group of twelve patients in late pregnancy received 2 ml sterile water. By comparison the administration of 25 g intravenous glucose to a similar group of 12 patients caused an increase in the proportion of time during which fetal breathing was present from 18.2 +/- 5.8 per cent (mean +/- SE) to 67.0 +/- 6.3 per cent after 25 minutes (p < 0.001). There was no significant change in the rate or variability of breathing.

Doppler Effect↗
PubMed1980

Doppler ultrasound and the pregnant uterus.

Precise location of the sources of sound heard from the pregnant uterus when using continuous wave Doppler ultrasound was achieved with depth-gated pulse Doppler and real-time ultrasound. The characteristics of these sounds are described. No sounds were identified from the main mass of the placenta.

Doppler Effect↗