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J D Carruthers

Publications and source records attributed to J D Carruthers.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Raising eyebrows with botulinum toxin.

BACKGROUND: Brow elevation rejuvenates the facial appearance. OBJECTIVE: To determine if a significant degree of brow elevation could be achieved through selective botulinum toxin treatment of brow depressors. METHODS: Seven women aged 31-42 (mean 37) years old were treated. The distance from lowest eyebrow cilium of the eyebrow to the midpupillary point was measured before and 1 month posttreatment. Botulinum toxin was injected into the glabellar area (7-10U) and the supralateral eyebrow (0-2.5U each side), to a total dose of 10-14 U. RESULTS: Five individuals (71%) showed brow elevation of 1-3 mm with a mean elevation of 1 mm. Two individuals showed no change. Concurrent weakening of the frown response was noted in all patients. CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin treatment of brow depressors produces a small degree of brow elevation in the majority of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

B mode ultrasonography--spectrum of paediatric ocular disease.

BACKGROUND: Despite having appropriate sonographic equipment available many radiologists remain unfamiliar with B mode sonography of the eye. OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of B mode sonography of the paediatric eye. We illustrate the spectrum of eye abnormalities occurring in paediatric practice and the sonographic appearance of clinical entities for which sonography is appropriate. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We reviewed our experience of eye sonography within a paediatric radiology department over 8 years. A total of 212 sonographic examinations were performed on 206 eyes in 103 children, aged from 3 days to 16 years (mean 4.6 years). RESULTS: Sonography was well tolerated by the children, was a very useful imaging modality and was the only diagnostic imaging modality required in 94%. Supplementary computed tomography (CT) was performed in ten of 206 eyes (5%) and magnetic resonance imaging (MR) was performed in two of 206 eyes (1%). CONCLUSIONS: B mode sonography is a very useful imaging modality for suspected ocular or orbital pathology in children and is often the appropriate first line investigation following clinical evaluation. Radiologists familiar with sonography of the eye can provide valuable support to their ophthalmology colleagues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Visual function deficits in children.

In the past year, new work on sensory testing in preverbal infants has expanded our knowledge in three areas: 1) visual acuity testing in infants in varying levels of illumination; 2) visual evoked cortical potential-evidence for binocular function in infantile esotropia; and 3) a new time-efficient method to evaluate color vision in newborns and infants. A newly reported sequel to loss of binocularity is the development of A and V pattern strabismus. In another study, loss of fusion, as with acute concomitant esotropia, was shown to be a sign of serious intracranial disease. Regarding motor visual function deficits, new treatments of infantile esotropia syndrome and nystagmus with botulinum toxin type A are presented. Regarding social issues, visual function deficit of abused children and infants born to drug-abusing mothers are presented as a timely reminder that child abuse is still an enormous social problem, and that the visual system is far from exempt from damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of glabellar frown lines with C. botulinum-A exotoxin.

Eighteen patients with glabellar frown lines were treated with C. botulinum-A exotoxin. Sixteen of the 17 patients followed showed improvement for periods ranging from 3 months to 11 months. Side-effects were minimal and transient. Because C. botulinum-A exotoxin therapy of glabellar frown lines treats the underlying cause of these lines, it is more effective than soft tissue augmentation although this improvement is temporary. Treatment with C. botulinum-A exotoxin is a simple, safe procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Neurodevelopmental criteria in the classification of congenital motor nystagmus.

Congenital motor nystagmus (CMN) can be familial or non-familial. The expressivity of CMN is so variable that in one affected member of the family the oscillations are obvious, while in the others the nystagmus could be overlooked even by the patients themselves. In spontaneous cases the proof of heredity might be discovered by an ophthalmological examination or eye movement recordings of other family members. Our multidisciplinary studies of 27 children with CMN suggests that a neurodevelopmental assessment can also be valuable in establishing a diagnosis of heredity. Our studies suggest that the hereditary form of CMN is free from neurodevelopmental problems, while the non-familial form is not. Therefore, children with spontaneous CMN could be referred for neurodevelopmental evaluation in order to establish a more accurate diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Botulinum vs adjustable suture surgery in the treatment of horizontal misalignment in adult patients lacking fusion.

Thirty patients were treated with either botulinum toxin or adjustable suture surgery in a prospective, randomized clinical trial. All patients had horizontal deviations greater than 10 prism diopters and absent fusion. Seventeen patients were assigned to toxin treatment, and 13 were assigned to surgical treatment. Follow-up at 6 months after either procedure indicated that surgery was superior, with patient alignment showing a 92.7% average net change, compared with a 50.50% net change in the botulinum-treated group. There was no difference in response between those patients with a starting deviation of 20 PD or less and greater than 20 PD in the surgery group. However, in the botulinum-treated group, those patients with a starting deviation of 20 PD or less seemed to show better responses than those patients with greater than 20 PD. Patients with esotropia showed an 88.89% change with surgery and a 51.55% change with toxin treatment. Patients with exotropia had a 95.83% change with surgery but a 50.3% change with toxin treatment. Since we had 20 patients with exotropia and 10 patients with esotropia, a more formal comparison would require larger numbers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Nonpigmented congenital iris stromal cyst.

A nonpigmented iris stromal cyst was observed in the right eye of a 6-week-old girl. There was no past history of trauma or use of topical miotics, and the remainder of the ocular examination was normal. The pathophysiology and management of this rare developmental anomaly are controversial.

Cysts↗
PubMed1989

Sorsby's fundus dystrophy.

Ever since Sorsby described his pseudoinflammatory dystrophy in five families, its characteristics have been unclear. The findings in ten affected members of a seven-generation pedigree are discussed and the literature is reviewed. Patients with this dominantly inherited fundus dystrophy lose central vision between the second and fourth decade of life. Three variations in the fundus appearances were distinguished: in the first and most common, white to yellow fundus spots (which are not drusen) accompany a disciform macular degeneration; in the second, the fundus spots are absent; in the third, the yellow deposits are associated with atrophic macular degeneration. Atrophy of the retina, pigment epithelium, and choroid then slowly progresses toward the periphery. Treatment does not halt the progress of the disease. Although variations in this dystrophy may be examples of genetic heterogeneity, Sorbsy's fundus dystrophy is a distinct clinical disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Strabismus in craniofacial dysostosis.

Ten infants and children who presented with craniofacial dysostosis are discussed; four had Apert's syndrome, four had Crouzon's syndrome, one had Pfeiffer's syndrome, and one had hypertelorism. The follow-up of the patients ranged from 3 months to 7 years, with an average of 19 months. Patients had bifrontal and biparietal craniectomies to correct frontal and temporal orbital retrusion, while two had left unilateral procedures only. One patient (T.S.) had had three similar procedures before he was 3 years old and patient B.B. had two before he was 11 months old due to the complete failure of bony orbital growth. Before the cranial surgery, one patient had a preexisting esotropia with bilateral congenital sixth nerve paresis, one had a V-pattern exotropia, and one had a right intermittent hypotropia due to right superior rectus weakness. In no case was there a change in the ocular alignment after infantile craniectomy. There were assorted ophthalmologic anomalies, such as congenital bilateral sixth nerve paresis, absent superior rectus function, bilateral ptosis in addition to absent superior rectus function, and two patients presented with frank and repeated exorbitism.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1987

Retinoblastoma.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Revlens: a new, soft acrylic rubber extended-wear contact lens.

Revlens is a new, soft acrylic rubber extended-wear contact lens. We fitted 21 eyes in 15 patients. The indications included 15 eyes in 10 patients with aphakia due to congenital cataracts. The developmental cataracts were associated with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, Down's syndrome, microphthalmos and Peter's anomaly. The remaining five patients included one Tyrosinase negative oculocutaneous albino and four anisometropic amblyopes. Three of the aphakic patients were unable to wear this lens. One preferred her previous rigid lens, another refused any contact lens and went back to glasses, and a third did not adapt to the lens because of social circumstances. Thus 12 of the 15 patients (80%) who were monitored for at least 6 months (average: 9 months) readily accepted this new lens.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1985

Ophthalmologic use of botulinum A exotoxin.

Purified botulinum A exotoxin was used to treat 9 adults with strabismus, 22 adults with incapacitating essential blepharospasm and 1 adult with "senile" spastic lower-eyelid entropion. Eight of the strabismus patients received one injection each into one horizontal extraocular muscle under electromyographic control in the outpatient clinic; the ninth patient received two injections. One week after the injection there was an 81% change on average in the angle of deviation. In the three patients followed up for 4 to 9 months the average change was 66%. For the patients with blepharospasm the toxin was injected into the orbicularis oculi. Relief of spasm lasted an average of 12 weeks after the first treatment and 15 weeks after the second. In the patient with spastic entropion the symptoms resolved with repeated injection of the lower-lid orbicularis. In all three groups the injections were well tolerated. The main complication was transient ptosis, which occurred in about 30% of the first two groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Intractable periocular hemangioma of infancy.

A case of intractable giant periocular hemangioma in an infant is described. This histologically benign but locally invasive tumour is reviewed from the point of view of complications and available treatment modalities. The indications for therapy with a relatively new antifibrinolytic agent, tranexamic acid, are cited.

Blepharoptosis↗
PubMed1980

A pilot study of children with amblyopia treated by the gratings method.

A total of 6 patients, 2 with anisometropic, 2 with strabismic and anisometropic, and 2 with strabismic amblyopia treated with the 'gratings method' showed more than 2 lines of improvement in linear visual acuity. Patient attention and interest and repeated testing of the visual acuity were uncontrolled factors in this study. Moreover, the detailed visual tasks performed by the amblyopic eye may in themselves be the reason for improvement. Clearly a careful study which controls these possibilities is needed before a claim can be made that the 'gratings' per se offer an improved method of treatment of amblyopia.

Amblyopia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Can adjustable suture surgery be performed with conscious sedation?

We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 50 consecutively referred adult patients with horizontal ocular misalignment only. We wanted to evaluate anesthesia by conscious sedation as an alternative to general anesthesia for the primary surgical stage of adjustable suture repair. Parameters regarding patient acceptance, strabismus correction, and health-care facility utilization were studied. Conscious sedation is a safe and effective alternative to general anesthesia for adjustable suture repair of horizontal misalignment in adult patients.

Anesthesia, General↗