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Biomedical subjects

J Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to J Cooper.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Primary adenocarcinoma of the upper oesophagus.

Adenocarcinoma of the upper one-third of the oesophagus is an uncommon entity. A review of the literature reveals 20 reported cases. This paper reports an additional case. The lesion may arise from oesophageal glands, foci of ectopic gastric mucosa, or a Barrett's oesophagus. In contrast with squamous cell carcinomas submucosal spread is not prominent; however, transverse penetration through the oesophageal wall is common. The prognosis is grave. Treatment modalities that have been employed include supportive care, surgery alone, pre-operative radiation therapy and surgery and radiation therapy alone. Survival statistics produced by these various regimens are similar. There is little documented evidence for the radioresponsiveness of primary adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus. The case described demonstrates marked tumour regression following a course of external radiotherapy as shown by serial oesophagrams. Optimum treatment for adenocarcinoma of the upper oesophagus remains to be determined. It is felt that the role of radiation therapy should be further evaluated.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Arousal as a necessary condition for attitude change following induced compliance.

This study examined whether arousal is or is not a necessary condition for attitude change in the induced compliance paradigm. In a 2 times 3 design, experimental subjects were induced to write counterattitudinal essays under either high- or low-choice conditions. All subjects were led to believe that a pill, which they had just taken in the context of a separate experiment, was a placebo. In reality, subjects were given a pill that contained either phenobarbital (tranquilizer condition), amphetamine (amphetamine condition), or milk powder (placebo condition). In this last condition, the results yielded the usual dissonance effect: High choice produced more attitude change in the direction of the essay than low choice. When subjects were given a tranquilizer, this effect was virtually eliminated; when subjects were given amphetamine, attitude change increased under high choice and was exhibited for the first time under low choice. These results are consistent with the notion that attitude change is in the service of reducing arousal and with the idea that arousal from other sources can be misattributed to attitude-discrepant behavior.

Arousal↗
PubMed1978

Factors affecting the mobility of plutonium-238 dioxide in the rat.

A major factor influencing the movement of plutonium-238 from the lungs to blood after the intubation of oxide suspensions is the presense of 0.001 micrometer diameter particles. In a polydisperse suspension of particles this fraction increases with time, due it is thought, to fragmentation of larger particles induced by alpha decay. The rate of this process could account for the greater transportability in vivo of plutonium-238 relative to plutonium-239 when the oxides are inhaled. In blood, 0.001 micrometer diameter plutonium-238 oxide particles undergo a rapid reaction to form a low molecular weight species before plutonium is complexed with transferrin and citrate ions. The filtration of this species through the kidneys may explain the observed enhanced urinary excretion of plutonium relative to administered plutonium citrate. The mechanism of urinary excretion and relationship between cumulative urinary excretion and body content for plutonium-238 is similar to that previously observed for plutonium-239, even though different methods of preparation of the oxides were used.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Operant conditioning and assessment of stereopsis in young children.

Stereposis was assessed in 94 children ages 2--5 yr using random-dot stereograms (RDSs) and operant conditioning. After five traditional screening tests of stereopsis, all children were trained to perform a match-to-sample discrimination task involving RDSs with and without lateral disparity. An added feature of the operant RDS task was the availability of monocular cue-fading for children who failed initial RDS testing. The operant RDS test facilitated stereopsis-based responding more than the traditional clinical tests did. This finding is interpreted as indicating the importance of such factors as attention, motivation, and language ability in the assessment of stereopsis in young children.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Random-dot-stereogram performance by strabismic, amblyopic, and ocular-pathology patients in an operant-discrimination task.

Stereopsis performance was assessed in 88 optometric patients using an operant match-to-sample discrimination task involving random dot stereograms (RDSs). All normals passed the RDS test, and all constant strabismics without amblyopia, microtropes, and amblyopic strabismics failed. Only a portion of anisometropic amblyopes, intermittent strabismics, and ocular-pathology patients passed. The findings were interpreted as indicating that stereopsis with a RDS may be better predicted and explained in terms of binocular fusion and bifoveal alignment than by visual acuity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Lateral displacement as a response cue in the Titmus Stereo test.

Forty-nine subjects (ages 8-55) were tested with the circles and animals of the Tigmus Stereo test while wearing Polarid filters at axis 135 deg before both eyes so that the right eye's target was presented to both eyes. This procedure removed retinal image disparity as a cue to depth and left lateral displacement as the primary cue to obtain correct responses on the test. The subjects' scores on the circle test were much higher than expected by chance guessing. Different instructions to the subjects did not influence this result. Scores on the animal test were similar to those expected by chance. The subjects used lateral displacement as a response cue on the circle test but not on the animal test. Procedures for improving the validity of the Titmus Stereo test are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A double-blind trial of single-dose chemoprophylaxis with co-trimoxazole during total abdominal hysterectomy.

Thirty patients received 10 ml co-trimoxazole and 29 a placebo by intravenous infusion during one hour from induction of anaesthesia for total abdominal hysterectomy. The incidence of postoperative urinary tract infections was significantly lower in patients who had received co-trimoxazole. Co-trimoxazole was also found to inhibit postoperative colonization of the upper vagina with Escherichia coli. The incidences of postoperative pyrexia (38 degrees C or over) and both early and late abdominal wound abscess formation were almost identical in the two groups of patients.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1977

Cultural and temporal variations in schizophrenia: a speculation on the importance of industrialization.

A speculative hypothesis is presented which links the late development of modern concepts of schizophrenia with social and familial effects of industrialization. It is suggested that the social and family structures found historically in pre-industrial societies and currently in developing countries exert a comparatively benign effect upon patients with schizophrenia, and that these effects are lost during and after industrialization. Thus the severe and chronic forms of the illness became prominent and therefore recognized in the segregated institutions of Europe in the latter part of the nineteenth century. Possible mechanisms are examined by which industrialization could influence the structure of communities and families and the development of individuals to produce the postulated changes in the individual's response to the schizophrenic illness. It is suggested that three major areas of interest for the identification of these mechanisms are (i) the rapid increase in size of towns and communities, (ii) changes in perinatal and infant mortality and morbidity, and (iii) changes in family structure. Some ways of testing the hypothesis and its implications are outlined.

Cultural Characteristics↗
PubMed1977

Intermittent exotropia of the divergence excess type.

Sensory and motor anomalies of the intermittent exotropia, the divergence excess type, have been described by various authors. However, previous theories of etiology fail to incorporate all the sensory motor anomalies typically found. The present paper attempts to develop a theory of etiology based upon sensory-motor findings and to offer a treatment plan consistent with those findings.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1976

New technique for investigating bacterial flora of female periurethral area.

The bacterial flora of the female periurethral area was studied by impression cultures taken by polystyrene sponges, the results being recorded by photographic contact printing. With this technique it is possible to observe the preferential colonisation of different areas by different organisms and to detect persistent colonisation by pathogens. In assessing the possible aetiological importance of these results, and especially in comparing them with the findings of other workers, it is essential to use correct anatomical nomenclature.

Bacteriological Techniques↗