Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Chang

Publications and source records attributed to J Chang.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1969

PMN-kinin and kinin metabolizing enzymes in normal and malignant leucocytes.

1. Studies have been carried out on the kinin-forming and kinin destroying activity of rabbit macrophages obtained from the lung before and after BCG injection and from the peritoneal cavity following mineral oil injection. A similar study was carried out with L-1210 leukaemic cells obtained from the peritoneal cavity of mice.2. The macrophages and leukaemic cells contain enzymes that form kinins from purified kininogen substrates at acid pH. The kinin-forming activity is not limited to the lysosomal fraction of the cell since it is found in extralysosomal compartments. Delta-guanidovaleryl benzyl ester partially inhibits the kinin-forming activity. Trasylol does not inhibit the kinin-forming activity of these cells, but does inhibit the kininases of these cells. The lack of effectiveness of this agent as a general anti-inflammatory agent is thus explained.3. The kininases of the normal and malignant cells are also inhibited by chloromethyl ketones such as tosyl-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) and tosyl-phenylalanine-chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) as well as by copper salts. Hydroxyquinoline has no inhibitory action on these cells, indicating that they differ from the plasma kininases.4. Investigation of the kinins produced by enzymes in rabbit and human polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells has demonstrated the formation of a kinin that differs from bradykinin and other known mammalian kinins in its pharmacological properties, molecular weight, and amino-terminal end group. This peptide has been named PMN-kinin.5. Overall, the investigation has demonstrated the importance of white cells in contributing to the formation and destruction of "extra-plasma" sources of kinins by enzymes which differ from plasma enzymes. Anti-inflammatory agents may have different actions on these cell enzymes from those on plasma enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Non-secretory multiple myeloma: a report of 13 cases with a review of the literature.

The clinical features of 13 patients with non-secretory myeloma from a series of 172 consecutive multiple myelomas are presented. The non-secretors survived significantly longer that the secretors, median 46 months versus 21 months (p less than 0.01). Non-secretory myeloma was associated with a higher incidence of neurological presentation, minimal lytic bone disease, a lower median percentage of plasma cells in the marrow and a lower incidence of hypogammaglobulinaemia. The median survival of the non-secretors with minimal lytic bone lesions was 74 months compared to 21 months for those with extensive bone disease. The superior survival of non-secretors is thus thought to be due to earlier presentation possibly as a result of a tendency to form symptomatic local tumours. Retrospective immunoperoxidase staining of stored tissue was performed in nine cases. In only one of these was a monoclonal immunoglobulin not detected indicating that true 'non-production' is rare. In four patients who produced a biochemically detectable paraprotein during the course of their disease and in whom immunoperoxidase data was available the immunoglobulin was of the same type. Immunoperoxidase staining may help in the initial diagnosis of non-secretory myeloma but did not contribute any prognostic information.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

VAD chemotherapy--toxicity and efficacy--in patients with multiple myeloma and other lymphoid malignancies.

Thirty-three patients with multiple myeloma (11 untreated, 15 refractory and seven relapsed patients) have received vincristine and adriamycin infusion therapy with oral dexamethasone (VAD). The median number of course received was five. In addition 16 patients with lymphoid malignancy have received a median of four courses of VAD. Three patients who relapsed after VAD have received further VAD therapy making 52 patient treatments assessable for toxicity. Ten per cent had nausea, 4 per cent vomiting, 4 per cent total alopecia, 25 per cent constipation, 33 per cent paraesthesiae, 8 per cent proximal myopathy, 33 per cent dyspepsia, 23 per cent proven bacteraemia, and 19 per cent chest infections. Infections were not usually associated with neutropenia. Shingles was seen in four patients with myeloma, but none of the patients with lymphoid malignancy. The response rate in myeloma was 9/11, for previously untreated patients, 3/7 for relapsed, and 8/15 for refractory patients. Responses have been seen in other lymphoid malignancies-1/2 patients with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia had a complete remission. Two out of seven patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia achieved a partial remission, and a further three had a clinical improvement. Three out of six patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and one patient with macroglobulinaemia achieved a partial remission.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Failure of lithium to reduce period of neutropenia during induction therapy of acute myeloid leukemia.

Fifty-four patients treated with daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside and thioquanine for acute myeloid leukemia were randomly assigned to receive oral lithium carbonate 1200 mg daily or no lithium. The duration of neutropenia (less than 0.5 x 10(9)/L) was similar between controls (median 22.5 days) and patients treated with lithium (median 24 days). The number of remissions, relapse-free survival and survival were similar for the lithium treated and control groups of patients. There was no apparent clinical efficacy in the use of lithium to reduce the period of neutropenia in patients undergoing remission induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scarless wound healing: implications for the aesthetic surgeon.

Recent developments in surgery and basic science research offer aesthetic surgeons the prospect of scarless repair. Studies in fetal wound healing provide both cellular and molecular models of optimal tissue healing without scar formation. Furthermore, craniofacial surgeons may one day operate on cleft lip, cleft palate, and other congenital malformations in utero. Cytokine research has begun to unravel possibilities for modulating the wound-healing inflammatory response in hopes of limiting scar formation. This article presents research on these developments and comments on their possible applications to aesthetic surgery.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The in vitro immunomodulatory effects of glyconutrients on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.

In humans, eight monosaccharides are required for the synthesis of glycoproteins. Dietary supplements that supply these crucial sugars are known as glyconutrients. A glyconutrient compound was added to Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) isolated from normal controls and patients with the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), a disease associated with immune dysregulation. The in vitro immunomodulatory effects were investigated. Cell surface expression of the glycoproteins CD5, CD8, and CD11a were significantly lower in patients with CFS compared to normal controls. Addition of glyconutrient homogenate to PBMC from patients with CFS stimulated with phytohemagglutinin significantly increased the expression of each glycoprotein. Furthermore, natural killer (NK) cell function was reduced in CFS patients. The glyconutrient preparation significantly enhanced NK cell activity versus human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6)-infected H9 cells in an 8 h 51Cr release assay compared to placebo for PBMC from patients with CFS (p< .01). Finally, apoptosis was significantly higher in patients with CFS. The percentage of apoptotic cells was significantly decreased in PBMC from patients with CFS that had been incubated for 48 h with glyconutrients. Thus, glyconutrients improved abnormal immune parameters in vitro in patients with CFS.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacterial vaginosis and preterm birth: a comprehensive review of the literature.

Preterm low birth weight is the major determinant of infant morbidity and mortality. Numerous studies have linked bacterial vaginosis (BV) with preterm birth and low birth weight (LBW), especially among black women. This article reviews the published literature to provide clear evidence that BV is an independent risk factor for preterm birth and LBW. Pregnant black women are especially at risk, having nearly three times the level of BV as pregnant white women. Compounding the problem is the fact that half the population of women with BV are asymptomatic, and current standard antenatal procedures do not provide for screening for BV. By reviewing BV treatment literature, this article also provides evidence that treatment for BV is effective and that the identification and treatment of BV in pregnant women can lead to substantial reduction in the high rates of preterm birth and LBW.

Female↗