Biomedical subjects
J Carr
Publications and source records attributed to J Carr.
Facial myokymia in syringobulbia.
A patient with a 2-year history of progressive ataxia and tingling in the right hand had prominent facial myokymia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed syringomyelia and syringobulbia. After successful syringosubarachnoid shunting, the patient died of massive pulmonary embolism. Postmortem examination revealed a syrinx involving the spinal cord and lower half of the medulla; neither the facial nucleus nor facial nerve fibers were directly involved. We hypothesize that interruption of aberrant corticobulbar fibers in the medulla produced disinhibition of a rhythmic neural generator in the facial nucleus.
HTLV-I viral-associated myelopathy after blood transfusion in a multiple trauma patient.
This may be the first documented case in the United States and in the orthopedic literature of transfusion-transmitted human T-cell leukemia virus Type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy (HAM). Progressive myelopathy occurred in a 58-year-old white man with serologic and molecular evidence of HTLV-I infection after multiple trauma and subsequent transfusion with multiple units of banked blood products. Symptoms of myelopathy occurred 15 months after the transfusions. Myelopathy from HTLV-I infection simulates a disorder of orthopedic interest. Physicians should be aware of the symptoms of HAM and unexplained myelopathy.
[Community nurses are cooperating in a regional program of health promotion: prevention of "heartbreakers"].
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Promoting healthy hearts.
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Water deprivation in weaned pigs.
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Water supply for pigs.
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Diet and heart disease.
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Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in fish cells: differential metabolism of (n-3) and (n-6) series acids by cultured cells originating from a freshwater teleost fish and from a marine teleost fish.
1. The incorporation and metabolism of (n-3) and (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplemented to growing cultures were studied in rainbow trout (RTG-2) and turbot (TF) cell lines. 2. A fatty acid concentration of 20 microM considerably altered the fatty acid composition of the cells without affecting lipid class composition or the appearance of cytoplasmic lipid droplets. 3. Both cell lines exhibited considerable delta 6 desaturase activities. 4. Whereas delta 5 desaturase activity was expressed in RTG-2 cells, delta 4 desaturase activity was absent and, conversely, delta 4 desaturase activity was expressed in TF cells, but there was an apparent deficiency in the C18 to C20 elongase multi-enzyme complex. 5. The delta 6 desaturase activity in both cell lines showed little preference between 18:2(n-6) and 18:3(n-3) but the delta 5 desaturase activity of RTG-2 cells and the delta 4 desaturase activity of TF cells showed a preference for (n-3)PUFA. 6. Two fish oil concentrates were assessed for their ability to generate fatty acid compositions in the cell lines more closely resembling those of intact fish tissues.
Modified Motor Assessment Scale.
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Changing patterns of suicide in Australia.
This paper examines the suicide trends in Australia from a sociological perspective using a selected number of sociological variables. Our aim is not to minimize the importance of psychogenic factors in suicide but to highlight its sociological aspects. The analysis of suicide trends shows that the overall suicide rate in Australia has remained fairly stable over the past one hundred years. This outward stability, however, camouflages some important internal changes in the suicide trends in Australian society. The paper examines some of these trends and provides a profile of some of the possible sociological factors which appear to have influenced the suicide rates of men and women in Australian society between 1880 and 1985.
Precise measurement of the asymmetry parameter delta in muon decay.
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Erratum: Search for right-handed currents in muon decay
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The handwriting of children with spina bifida.
As part of the Greater London Council (GLC) Spina Bifida Survey the handwriting of 131 11-year-olds with spina bifida and 56 controls was examined. The children copied the sentence "The dog sits in his box" in the course of an extensive battery of intelligence and attainment tests. Writing speed formed one scoring dimension and nine further categories were devised in collaboration with a handwriting consultant. All but one of these ten dimensions consistently discriminated between the spina bifida children and the controls, and between the spina bifida children divided according to such variables as IQ, school type, degree of disability, reading scores and presence or absence of a valve. In every case the differences were in the predicted direction, with the handwriting scores of the brighter, less damaged children, and those attending ordinary schools being higher. These findings are consistent with those obtained by other researchers and reflect an educational disadvantage in that the children with spina bifida had handwriting which was slow, with the letters being poorly formed and the words poorly spaced.
Six weeks to twenty-one years old: a longitudinal study of children with Down's syndrome and their families. Third Jack Tizard memorial lecture.
A cohort of children with Down's syndrome, and their families, have been seen at intervals from six weeks old. Some follow-up data to 21 yrs are reported here. Until 21 yrs when one mother withdrew her son there have been no losses to the study apart from those caused by death. Mean IQs rose slightly from 11 to 21; scores on language and academic tests favoured the home-reared, females, and middle-class young people even when IQ was allowed for. Some of the effects on the family of having a handicapped member were explored; although adverse effects are fewer than might have been expected many parents, especially mothers, carry significant burdens.
The insulin-like growth factor I content in human milk increases between early and full lactation.
The concentration of immunoreactive insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in human mammary secretions, assayed after acid-ethanol extraction, was high [mean, 4.1 +/- 0.5 (+/- SE) nmol/L; n = 13] for several weeks prepartum. It then decreased during the first 3 days postpartum to 1.3 +/- 0.1 nmol/L (n = 28), in parallel with changes in epidermal growth factor (EGF) and protein concentrations. However, between the first and sixth weeks postpartum, the IGF-I concentration increased to 2.5 +/- 0.2 nmol/L (n = 18), while levels of EGF and protein decreased further. Given that the volume of milk produced increases during this period, the total IGF-I output rose by up to 4-fold, while EGF output remained constant. The increase in IGF-I and decrease in EGF in milk suggest that different regulatory mechanisms control the output of different growth factors by the mammary gland.
Sexuality education for special needs adolescents.
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Synergistic stimulation of Swiss mouse 3T3 fibroblasts by epidermal growth factor and other factors in human mammary secretions.
The concentration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in human mammary secretions was about 50 nmol/l for several weeks prepartum. It then fell to about 13 nmol/l within 4 days after parturition, in parallel with the decrease in protein concentration which is associated with the onset of lactation. In contrast, the concentration of EGF in urine samples from the same donors remained constant throughout this period. All the immunoreactive EGF in mammary secretions competed at the EGF receptors on Swiss mouse 3T3 fibroblasts. The stimulation of these cells by samples of mammary secretions was, however, much greater than that induced by EGF alone, indicating the presence of other factors which synergize with EGF. Gel filtration of mammary secretions revealed two major peaks of mitogenic activity, corresponding to EGF and a factor of higher molecular weight. The latter could synergize with added EGF, insulin or bombesin, and thus falls into a different functional class from any of these factors.