Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Carlson

Publications and source records attributed to J Carlson.

295 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Unsafe caregiving practices experienced by 3-year-old children born prematurely.

Unsafe caregiving practices were studied in relation to risk factors for unintentional injuries as reported in the literature. A total of 54 premature children at 3 years of age and their mothers were observed twice in their homes for 2-hour periods, and the HOME Inventory was scored at one of the visits. Field notes from these visits were analyzed for unsafe practices, including hazards in the environment and inadequate parental supervision. Unsafe practices occurred for approximately 30% of the children studied. T-tests indicated that children with no unsafe practices had higher HOME scores than children with unsafe practices. In addition, lower HOME scores and later birth order were correlated with a greater number of unsafe practices. Maternal age and education, family size, child birthweight, and maternal perception of child vulnerability were not related to the presence of unsafe caregiving practices. The findings also suggest that the HOME Inventory may have promise as a useful tool in screening for unsafe caregiving of preschool children.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis linked to meltwater contamination of a municipal well.

A large outbreak of Campylobacter jujuni gastroenteritis attributed to contamination of an unchlorinated municipal water system was investigated. Unlike most previous summer outbreaks, this one began in early spring and was attributed to meltwater entering one or more municipal wells. 241 suspected cases were documented, but retrospective information from local health care workers suggested a much larger outbreak. 45 laboratory-confirmed cases participated in a case-control study which showed a significant association between infection and amount of town water consumed. Stool specimens from 29 patients were studied with detailed serotyping by the method of Lior, with eight known serotypes and one previously unknown one identified. It is concluded that intensive surveillance of water quality during periods of spring runoff is essential, and that timely reporting of disease outbreak patterns in emergency department settings is necessary to protect the public's health.

Campylobacter Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Time course considerations for the effects of unilateral lower cervical adjustments with respect to the amelioration of cervical lateral-flexion passive end-range asymmetry.

The initial effectiveness as well as the temporal stability of the effect of cervical spinal manipulation with respect to the amelioration of goniometrically verified cervical lateral-flexion passive end-range asymmetry was examined. Responses of two groups of pain-free subjects were compared: a) those exhibiting end-range asymmetries of greater than 10 degrees who, in addition, had suffered previous neck trauma, and; b) those who happened to exhibit end-range asymmetries of greater than 10 degrees but who had no history of prior neck trauma. All subjects received a single lower cervical adjustment delivered to the side of most-restricted end-range, and goniometric reassessments were performed 30 min, 4 hr, and 48 hr following the adjustment. A dramatic amelioration of asymmetry was observed in both groups at 30 min and 4 hr postmanipulation. Furthermore, the magnitudes of these short-term effects were similar for the two groups. However, by 24 hours, a difference in the temporal responses of the groups had become readily apparent. By 48 hours, the difference was even more striking; whereas 14 of 16 of the subjects with no previous neck trauma continued to exhibit asymmetries of less than 10 degrees (mean +/- SEM = 3.8 +/- 1.0 degrees), 12 of the 16 subjects with previous neck trauma had regained asymmetries of greater than 10 degrees (mean +/- SEM = 11.4 +/- 1.7 degrees). These results indicate that among asymptomatic (pain-free) individuals, the mere presence of passive end-range asymmetry as well as the magnitude of the short-term ameliorative effect of cervical manipulation do not distinguish these two categories of subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parental Stressor Scale: neonatal intensive care unit.

This article is a report of the development of the Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS:NICU), which is designed to measure parental perception of stressors arising from the physical and psychosocial environment of the neonatal intensive care unit. Stress theory, literature reviews, expert consultation, and parent interviews guided instrument development and refinement and established the content validity of the instrument. Construct validity is supported by links with theory, correlation with anxiety measures, and factor analytic results. Alpha coefficients support the tool's internal consistency. Three scales were identified: Parental Role Alterations, Sights and Sounds of the Unit, and Infant Behavior and Appearance. Available metrics allow scoring for stress occurrence levels, overall stress levels, and number of stressors experienced. The PSS:NICU can serve as a research or clinical measure to evaluate stressors experienced by parents with infants in a NICU.

Adolescent↗