Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Carlson

Publications and source records attributed to J Carlson.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Biosynthesis of abnormally glycosylated alpha 1-antitrypsin by a human hepatoma cell line.

The human hepatoma cell line PLC/PRF/5 synthesized and secreted a functional alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) glycoprotein with normal molecular size but retarded electrophoretic mobility. The total process of translation, glycosylation and export required about 40 min and followed the same synthetic pattern as seen in rat hepatocytes, i.e., a signal peptide is cleaved cotranslationally; a core-glycosylated protein in the high-mannose form is formed in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, trimmed, and a stable complex-glycosylated alpha 1-AT is found intracellularly prior to export. alpha 1-AT export to medium was delayed by tunicamycin, inhibited by cycloheximide but unaffected by colchicine. After addition of exogenous alpha 1-AT to culture medium, neither negative nor positive feedback induction of synthesis could be demonstrated. Electrophoretic techniques indicated the presence of atypical, highly branched but incompletely sialylated carbohydrate chains in the hepatoma cell-derived alpha 1-AT. The accumulation of intracellular alpha 1-AT inclusions seen in the endoplasmic reticulum may reflect an imbalance between a high rate of polypeptide synthesis and terminal glycosylation.

Biological Transport↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The evolution of a profession: where do boards of nursing fit in?

Differentiation between the structure and functions of Boards of Nursing and the professional association is important to understanding the evolution of nursing as a profession. This descriptive exploratory study revealed that Boards of Nursing usually have 5 members who are appointed by and can be removed by the governor of the state. All Boards are responsible for education and licensing at the professional entry-level but may not be responsible beyond that level. In contrast to the professional association, Boards report appreciable variability in structure and administration. Boards differ from the professional association in source of power and focus on the protection of the public rather than improvement of practice.

Data Collection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of facial expression displayed by patients with chest pain.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether patterns of facial expressions of patients complaining of chest pain can aid in the diagnosis of myocardial infarctions. DESIGN: Exploratory. SETTING: Southeastern university medical center emergency department (ED). PATIENTS: Twenty-eight patients in the ED who presented with chest pain. Age range was 40 to 84 years, with a mean of 65.4 years. OUTCOME MEASURES: Common patterns of facial expressions among patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction. INTERVENTION: On admission to the ED, patients were videotaped during physical examination. Videotapes were reviewed to code the facial action units exhibited by the patients. The presence or absence of creatine kinase (CK) enzymes was determined; these results were blinded to the coders until after all facial actions were coded. RESULTS: With use of the Facial Action Coding System, 4 facial expressions were found to be associated with true myocardial infarction: lowering the brow, pressing the lips, parting the lips, and turning the head left. CONCLUSION: Additional research with a larger sample of patients presenting with chest pain is needed to validate the findings of this study. However, if these findings are supported, instruction regarding assessment of specific facial expressions in clinical settings may be warranted.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does growth hormone prevent or accelerate aging?

It is very well documented that plasma growth hormone (GH) levels decline with age in the human and in experimental animals, and there is considerable evidence that age-related changes in body composition may be caused by reduced function of the GH-IGF-I system. However, excessive GH levels are associated with reduced life expectancy in acromegalic patients and with symptoms of accelerated aging in GH transgenic mice. Hereditary dwarf mice deficient in GH, prolactin, and TSH live much longer than their normal siblings. Possible mechanisms of delayed aging in dwarf mice include lower core body temperature and reduced oxidative processes. It is suggested that the controversies concerning the apparent potential of GH to both prevent and accelerate aging may be reconciled by interpreting the results in light of the negative relationship between body size and life span within a species.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An examination of nursing attitudes and pain management practices.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this evaluation is to examine the relationship among nurses' pain management attitudes and pain management practices and to begin to explore the theoretical underpinnings that may influence this relationship. DESCRIPTION OF STUDY: A convenience sample of 29 female registered nurses working in hospice or home health settings participated in an educational program 1 day per week for 6 weeks. All participants were asked to complete the Cancer Pain Knowledge Inventory and Survey of Expectations and Pain Assessment Questionnaire 5 weeks before, immediately before, immediately after, 6 months after, and 12 months after the program. Seventeen participants completed all questionnaires at the 6-month follow-up; 16 participants completed all questionnaires at the 1-year follow-up. Personal beliefs about pain were evaluated in relation to the dimensions and treatment of pain. Intentions and expectations to perform specific activities were evaluated in relation to in-depth assessments, equianalgesic conversions, demonstration of new ideas, and communication. RESULTS: Nurses' attitudes, beliefs, intentions, and expectations about pain and pain management influenced nurses' patient care and educational activities. Nurses who believed that patients should be pain free and nurses who focused on both the dimensions and treatment of pain implemented more pain management activities. In general, nurses who had high intentions and expectations performed more pain management activities. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Although nurses reported change in attitude, and high expectancy for change, feelings of increased credibility, and increased motivation as advocates for new approaches to practice, nurses sometimes found it difficult to implement new practices because of constraints in time and collaborative efforts. To implement new knowledge and achieve individualized goals for change, nurses must be allowed adequate time to analyze the relationships between their beliefs about pain and the ways that they solve patients' pain problems. In addition, more support for multidisciplinary collaboration is needed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is occult atrial disorder a frequent cause of non-hemorrhagic stroke? Long-term ECG in 86 patients.

To assess the importance of occult atrial disorder with possible embolization as a cause of non-hemorrhagic stroke, 68 patients with neurologic symptoms lasting 24 hours or more and 18 patients with transient ischemic attacks were examined by long-term electrocardiographic recording (LTER). Lacking matched controls we used a reference population of 103 elderly subjects selected at random from the general population for a previous LTER study. Permanent or episodic atrial arrhythmias of types known to cause cerebral embolization were detected by LTER in 32 (47%) of the 68 patients with a clinical diagnosis of cerebral embolization or thrombosis and in 6 (33%) of the 18 patients with transient ischemic attacks. Of the 38 patients with atrial arrhythmia during LTER 17 had such arrhythmias in their standard ECGs. This frequency of atrial arrhythmias during LTER differs from that of the reference population (p less than 0.025). Thirteen of 16 patients with multiple cerebral lesions had signs of atrial arrhythmia during LTER. Patients having occult atrial disorder with episodic atrial arrhythmia may be an important and common risk group for non-hemorrhagic stroke in addition to the previously recognized group of patients with atrial arrhythmia detectable in the standard ECG. LTER may be important in the evaluation of patients with unexplained stroke.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum and cerebrospinal fluid examinations in the diagnosis of Borrelia infection in Bell's palsy.

Seventy-two consecutive patients with Bell's palsy were investigated for evidence of tick-borne Borrelia infection and to compare the merits of serum and cerebrospinal fluid examinations in the diagnosis of Borrelia infection. Serum was taken in the acute and convalescent stages from 72 patients, and cerebrospinal fluid was obtained from 35 of these. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyse serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples for IgG and IgM antibodies against the Borrelia spirochete. The serum of 8 (11%) of the 72 patients was positive for IgG or both for IgG and IgM. Only 1 of the 35 patients presented an elevated titre of IgG and IgM in the cerebrospinal fluid as well as elevated IgG and IgM titres in the serum. The results, even if limited, indicate that screening of serum is sufficient to exclude Borrelia infection in cases of uncomplicated isolated acute peripheral facial palsy.

Acute Disease↗