Recurrent ovarian theca granulosa cell tumor presenting as bladder neoplasm.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
J Brown
Publications and source records attributed to J Brown.
Comparison of lactococcal bacteriophage isolated in the United States and Argentina.
Bacteriophage of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis and ssp. cremoris, isolated in the United States and Argentina, were compared with respect to host range, adsorption, latent period, burst size and immunological cross-reactivity. Only 1 out of 13 U.S. culture isolates was sensitive to Argentinian phage. Argentinian L. lactis ssp. lactis C2 mutants were resistant to 13 U.S. phage isolates (4 prolate and 9 isometric). While Argentinian phage Stl-3 multiplied on U.S. culture isolate 59-1, low adsorption (38%) and insignificant burst size and latent period data were evident. Antisera prepared against U.S. phage D59-1 (prolate) and F4-1 (isometric) neutralized the lytic activities of all Argentinian prolate phage although the F4-1 antiserum was less effective. The data suggest homology especially between U.S. phage D59-1 and the Argentinian phage.
Absorption↗
Effect of patient positioning on urethral mobility: implications for radical pelvic surgery.
Patient positioning is of critical importance in the successful performance of several radical pelvic operations. Adequate exposure of the prostatic apex is vital in ligating the dorsal vein complex and performing vesicourethral anastomosis. To test the effect of different patient positions on urethral mobility, we conducted a prospective controlled study measuring the relative cephalad displacement of the prostatic apex in 3 positions, that is the supine, frog-leg and dorsal lithotomy positions. A combination of radiographic and cystoscopic techniques was used to mark the position of the prostatic apex. Each patient served as his own control. Of the 24 patients studied for a variety of urological complaints 19 (79%) had an increased cephalad displacement of the prostatic apex while in the frog-leg position compared with the dorsal lithotomy position. The mean gain was 0.5 cm. (p greater than 0.5). A total of 16 patients showed improvement while in the frog-leg position over the supine position with a mean advantage of 0.39 cm. (p greater than 0.05). Patient age, pelvic depth, pelvic circumference and prostatic urethral length had no predictive value in selecting an optimal position.
Catheterization↗
Partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: indications, results and implications.
Of 52 patients who underwent partial nephrectomy for tumor 44 were found to have renal cell carcinoma. The indications for this parenchyma-sparing procedure were categorized according to the initial status of the contralateral kidney and included bilateral tumors or tumor in a solitary kidney in 16 patients (mandatory indications), unilateral carcinoma with compromise of the contralateral kidney by a benign disease process in 9 (relative indications) and small peripheral tumor with a normal contralateral kidney in 19 (elective indications). There were 4 recurrences that accounted for 3 deaths, all in patients with mandatory indications. All patients who underwent partial nephrectomy for relative or elective indications were without definite evidence of recurrent disease at last followup (over-all mean 36 months). Our results suggest that conservative surgery can often provide effective and advantageous therapy for renal cancer and we encourage further consideration of the role of partial nephrectomy as an alternative to radical nephrectomy in selected patients with small peripheral tumors and normal contralateral kidneys.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
Treatment of cytarabine acral erythema with corticosteroids.
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Adult↗
Objective and subjective memory impairment in pregnancy.
Pregnant subjects rated their memories as worse than normal and their ratings differed significantly from controls. Explicit memory tested by both recognition and recall was unimpaired. In contrast, implicit memory was significantly impaired in primigravidae. Impairment in implicit memory correlated with the subjective memory ratings. The dissociation of explicit and implicit memory is discussed.
Adult↗
Influence of the lumbar interspace chosen for injection on the spread of hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine.
Forty patients undergoing elective Caesarean section were allocated randomly to receive hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine 2.5 ml at either the L2-3 (n = 20) or L4-5 (n = 20) interspace. Spinal injection was performed with a 29-gauge needle in 38 patients and a 25-gauge needle in two. The onset time to analgesia at T10 and T6 was significantly faster and the level of analgesia at 5 and 10 min after injection significantly higher after injection at L2-3. Maximum height and range of analgesia, the level of analgesia at 15 and 20 min after injection and the number of episodes of hypotension were not significantly different between the two groups. One case of post-dural puncture headache was recorded after use of a 29-gauge needle. Overall, the choice of lumbar interspace influenced the rate of onset of analgesia, but not the final dermatomal level (mean and range) of analgesia achieved.
Adolescent↗
The gene encoding the stem cell antigen, CD34, is conserved in mouse and expressed in haemopoietic progenitor cell lines, brain, and embryonic fibroblasts.
The human haemopoietic cell surface antigen, CD34, is a 105 - 120 kd cell surface glycoprotein whose stage-specific expression by stem cells and lineage-specific progenitor cells suggests a role in regulating early events in blood cell differentiation. A murine gene and cDNA encoding a closely homologous protein have been isolated. The gene is organized in eight exons in 22 kb of DNA. The first exon lies in a GC- and CpG-rich island. The sequence of the gene and the cDNA predict a 382 amino acid-long protein containing an N-terminal signal peptide and one transmembrane region 73 amino acids from the C-terminus. The extracellular part of the protein contains: a 140 amino acid-long-N-terminal region, 40% of whose residues are serine or threonine potential attachment sites for O-linked carbohydrate, as well as five potential attachment sites for N-linked carbohydrate. Proximal to the extracellular membrane there is a 79 amino acid-long cysteine-rich region. The homology with the human sequence is highest in the intracellular domain (90% amino acid identity) and lowest in the N-terminal region (43% amino acid identity). The protein is not homologous with any other proteins currently in the databases. The expression of the murine gene by a number of haemopoietic progenitor cell lines suggests that the CD34 function in haemopoiesis may be conserved between man and mouse. The high level of expression in a number of embryonic fibroblast cell lines and in brain imply a function outside of haemopoiesis.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Urinary oestriol assay for monitoring fetoplacental function.
During the years 1971-1984 urinary oestriol excretion was tested in 51,427 patients (group 1). One or more low oestriol value was found in 10.7% of patients; in this group the stillbirth rate was 6.8 times higher, the neonatal death rate 3.8 times higher, and fetal growth retardation rate 3.5 times higher than in patients with normal oestriol values (all p less than 0.00001). During the years 1985-1989 a further 20,635 patients were tested (group 2) and 7.6% had one or more low oestriol value. The perinatal mortality rate in patients with normal oestriol excretion fell from 0.8% in group 1 to 0.5% in group 2 (p less than 0.005), and in patients with low oestriol excretion from 4.2% in group 1 to 2.4% in group 2 (p less than 0.002). However, patients in group 2 with low oestriol values still had significantly unfavourable results, compared to those with normal oestriol values--stillbirth rate 3.3 times higher, neonatal death rate 4.6 times higher, and fetal growth retardation rate 3.2 times higher (all p less than 0.00001). Intravenous dextrose and aminoacid infusions were given to 967 patients who had persistently low oestriol values in spite of rest in hospital, in an attempt to correct fetoplacental function; the perinatal mortality rate was 0.9% in the 660 (68.3%) who responded favourably, and 9.8% in the 307 (31.7%) who did not respond (p less than 0.0001).
Biological Assay↗
Genetic characterization of a novel familial dementia.
Clinical and neuropathologic findings from a Danish family in which a dementing illness is segregating as an apparent autosomal dominant disorder were previously described (Gydesen et al. 1987). We present here genetic findings from this family in which linkage analysis has excluded Huntington's disease and chromosome 21-encoded Alzheimer's disease. None of the known prion mutations has been detected in affected individuals from this family. However, linkage analysis with the prion gene has been uninformative. This family probably represents a novel genetic dementia.
DNA Probes↗
Receptor subtypes for natriuretic peptides in the brains of hypertensive rats.
Receptor subtypes for alpha-atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-ANP) were characterized in brains of 12-wk-old Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by in vitro autoradiography, using des[Gln18, Ser19,Gly20,Leu21,Gly22]ANP-(4-23) (C-ANP) and ANP-(5-25) as subtype-selective ligands. 125I-labeled alpha-ANP (200 pM) bound reversibly to arachnoid mater (AM), choroid plexus (ChP), subfornical organ (SFO), median preoptic nucleus, and supraoptic nucleus. Apparent Kd values for alpha-ANP in AM, ChP, and SFO were 1-6 nM and they were lowest in SHR. Maximal binding capacities for alpha-ANP on ChP and SFO were also significantly lower in SHR, and 10 microM C-ANP or 10 microM ANP-(5-25) inhibited most radioligand binding on AM of WKY and SHR. C-ANP significantly inhibited no other alpha-125I-ANP binding. ANP-(5-25) was a relatively weak inhibitor of alpha-125I-ANP binding to ChP and SFO in WKY but it was powerful in SHR. The results suggest that AM expresses clearance receptor for alpha-ANP in WKY and SHR. Other structures do not express this receptor significantly but express two other receptors for alpha-ANP, one mainly in WKY and one mainly in SHR.
Animals↗
Heterogeneous binding sites for alpha-atrial natriuretic peptide in human umbilical cord and placenta.
The distributions of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) clearance receptors in human umbilical cord and placenta were investigated by using des[Gln18,Ser19,Gly20,Leu21,Gly22]ANP-(4-2 3) (C-ANP) as a specific ligand of this receptor to displace bound alpha-125I-labeled ANP. alpha-125I-ANP bound reversibly to umbilical venous and arterial intima and to fetal placental and maternal decidual tissues, with dissociation constants of 1.24 +/- 0.51, 0.58 +/- 0.19, 1.86 +/- 0.51, and 1.07 +/- 0.25 mM, respectively. Binding was reversed by 1 microM unlabeled alpha-ANP but not by unrelated peptides such as gastrin. The 1 microM C-ANP displaced bound alpha-125I-ANP from the intima of umbilical artery but not that of the vein. The specific reversible binding of alpha-125I-ANP to placental decidua but not to fetal placenta was also displaced by 1 microM C-ANP. Therefore high-affinity binding sites for alpha-ANP on the intima of the umbilical artery and on placental decidua differ from those on the umbilical vein and on fetal placental tissue; the binding sites of the intima of the umbilical artery and of the decidua in humans are consistent with clearance receptors for alpha-ANP.
Adult↗
Turbidimetric study of the effect of inoculum density on the response of Escherichia coli to gentamicin under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
The turbidimetric response to gentamicin of two strains of Escherichia coli was examined under aerobic and anaerobic conditions with 3 inocula. Turbidimetry showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was influenced by growth of partially inhibited cultures during the overnight incubation period. Continuous turbidimetric monitoring also allowed the minimum antibacterial concentration (MAC: the lowest concentration to cause an effect on normal growth) to be measured. As judged by the MAC, the effect of inoculum was small over the range 5 x 10(5) to 9 x 10(7) colony-forming units (CFU), but increased substantially as the inoculum was raised further. Exposure to gentamicin under anaerobic conditions caused an average 4-fold rise in the MAC with different inocula.
Aerobiosis↗
Clinical trial in adults of an antimicrobial varnish for reducing mutans streptococci.
An abbreviated treatment with a chlorhexidine-containing varnish was compared with a similar treatment with a placebo varnish and with a prophylaxis alone for its effects on the numbers of detectable salivary mutants streptococci in 51 adults. The varnishes, applied once weekly for four weeks, were held in place with a covering layer of either of two polyurethane sealants (FluorProtector or Adhesit). On the first appointment, the varnish-sealant combination was applied to all tooth surfaces, but on succeeding appointments only the occlusal and approximal surfaces were covered. The chlorhexidine varnish, covered with either sealant, reduced the salivary mutans streptococci by an average of 3 logs (99.9%) in all of the 20 subjects treated, and below detectable levels for at least four weeks in nine of them. In the groups receiving placebo varnish-sealant combinations, the mean log number of mutans streptococci of the subjects was reduced only by approximately 0.5 log (32%), and none of the subjects experienced loss of their detectable mutans streptococci for four weeks, although one subject did so for three weeks. No significant difference between the effects of the two polyurethane sealants was observed. Treatment with a single prophylaxis had no effect on mutans streptococcus levels. Subjects treated with chlorhexidine varnish also experienced an increase in S. sanguis and a small decrease in yeasts. Loss of detectable mutans streptococci did not cause changes in the numbers of other micro-organisms examined, beyond those observed with chlorhexidine varnish treatment alone.
Acrylic Resins↗
Heterophil function in healthy chickens and in chickens with experimentally induced staphylococcal tenosynovitis.
Heterophil function was evaluated in 16 healthy chickens and in 46 chickens with experimentally induced staphylococcal tenosynovitis. In paired blood samples, heterophils from chickens with tenosynovitis had a significant increase in adherence, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and bacterial killing of Staphylococcus aureus compared to heterophils from healthy chickens. The percent adherence of heterophils to nylon fiber columns increased significantly from a 78.4% mean +/- 6.6% standard deviation to 87.6% +/- 3.2% after induction of staphylococcal tenosynovitis. Heterophil movement following in vitro exposure to saline or endotoxin was increased in chickens with tenosynovitis; 3 +/- 1 heterophils/0.25 mm2 to 10 +/- 6 heterophils/0.25 mm2 and 136 +/- 29 heterophils/0.25 mm2 to 340 +/- 74 heterophils/0.25 mm2, respectively. Endotoxin-activated serum was chemoattractive for heterophils from all chickens. Flow cytometry was used to define the heterophil population on light scatter histograms, evaluate individual cell phagocytosis of latex beads, and quantitate the number of beads phagocytosed per heterophil. When incubated with increased numbers of beads, only heterophils from chickens with tenosynovitis phagocytosed higher numbers of beads. At heterophil to bead ratios of 1:10, the percentage of heterophils that phagocytosed beads increased from baseline values of 37.8% +/- 9.0% to post-infection values of 67.3% +/- 7.5%. Using 1:20 heterophil to bead ratios, heterophil phagocytosis increased from 38.7% +/- 9.9% to post-infection values of 79.8% +/- 7.3%. Heterophils from all chickens were able to phagocytose and kill log phase staphylococcal bacteria. After phagocytosis, the heterophils from chickens with staphylococcal tenosynovitis rapidly decreased the number of viable bacterial colony forming-units per milliliter by approximately one log.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
An immunofluorescence test to determine the occurrence of type II collagen in muscle biopsies from cattle with rectovaginal constriction.
Type II collagen occurs in the muscles of rectovaginal constriction (RVC) affected and carrier cattle but not in normal cattle. Muscle biopsies from known RVC affected and carrier cattle and normal cattle were examined for the presence of Type II collagen using affinity purified goat anti-collagen II serum in a fluorescent antibody test. Type II collagen was consistently found in RVC affected animals (22 of 23 samples score positive). Rectovaginal constriction carrier animals had variable staining for the Type II collagen (25 of 47 samples scored positive). Some positive staining was also observed in the control animals (8 of 34 samples scored positive). Because of the variable occurrence of Type II collagen, the value of fluorescent antibody staining to identify RVC carrier animals is uncertain.
Animals↗
Decreasing the field strength of the National Health Service Corps: will access to care suffer?
To study the effect that the decline in physicians in the National Health Service Corps (NHSC) pipeline will have on access to care for patients at sites to which NHSC physicians are assigned, a survey was sent to all NHSC physicians completing their obligated service in 1989. Seventy-four (74) percent of the respondents believed that the decreased number of NHSC doctors in the pipeline would threaten the existence of their site and 52 percent reported that no doctors or clinic sites would be able to provide free or subsidized care if their NHSC site were forced to close. Of the physicians who stated that their NHSC patients would be able to find an alternative source of care, the most commonly cited (33 percent) alternative was the local hospital emergency room. We conclude that access to care for patients at NHSC sites will be seriously impaired by the decline in physicians in the NHSC pipeline.
Female↗
Young children's understanding of other people's feelings and beliefs: individual differences and their antecedents.
Individual differences in young children's understanding of others' feelings and in their ability to explain human action in terms of beliefs, and the earlier correlates of these differences, were studied with 50 children observed at home with mother and sibling at 33 months, then tested at 40 months on affective-labeling, perspective-taking, and false-belief tasks. Individual differences in social understanding were marked; a third of the children offered explanations of actions in terms of false belief, though few predicted actions on the basis of beliefs. These differences were associated with participation in family discourse about feelings and causality 7 months earlier, verbal fluency of mother and child, and cooperative interaction with the sibling. Differences in understanding feelings were also associated with the discourse measures, the quality of mother-sibling interaction, SES, and gender, with girls more successful than boys. The results support the view that discourse about the social world may in part mediate the key conceptual advances reflected in the social cognition tasks; interaction between child and sibling and the relationships between other family members are also implicated in the growth of social understanding.
Affect↗