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Biomedical subjects

J Braun

Publications and source records attributed to J Braun.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Intoxication following the inhalation of hydrogen fluoride.

The prognosis for fluoride inhalation is poor, owing to the extreme toxicity of the substance and lack of satisfactory treatment. In the case of massive inhalation, the slow, progressive destruction of the bronchial mucosa and lung tissue will be lethal. Irrespective of the dose, a transient restriction in renal function or acute renal failure will occur. The transient increase in transaminase seems to be caused by several factors. Our cases show that the evaluation of fluoride levels in biological material is difficult, as dietary intake, e.g., in drinking water, may complicate acute or chronic occupational exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[An elastic ileostomy sphincter using an autologous small intestine muscle flap].

To achieve continence in ileostomies by free transplantation of small intestinal smooth muscle according to Schmidt failed frequently because of hemorrhagic necrosis of this graft. To safeguard intact vascularisation of the transplant flapped intestinal smooth muscle was used therefore in 15 dogs with ileostomy for sphincter replacements. Contrary to free grafts, histological studies of flapped small intestinal muscle cuffs show generally undisturbed healing. Furthermore, monitoring of electrical activities corroborate the viability of the graft. In continent animals, pressure studies show the presence of a high pressure zone in the sphincter canal. The positive pressure profile was maintained and contributes to appropriate closing of the ileostomy. Despite histological, manometrical and electrical criterions of viability of the artificial sphincter, nevertheless the continence achieved by this procedure remains limited because of the restricted ability to contract the small intestinal muscle and the lacking ileal compliance.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Natural killer cell activity in patients with prostatic carcinoma and its in vivo boosting with bacillus Calmette-Guérin.

In patients with prostatic carcinoma, natural killer (NK) cell activity was monitored in a chromium release assay. Cells from the human myeloid cell line K 562 and from a human prostatic cancer cell line (PC 3) were used as target cells. Additionally, in vitro stimulation with beta-interferon was done in each sample. NK activity in patients with localized prostatic cancer was increased as compared to age-matched controls. Patients with advanced disease showed reduced levels of NK activity. Furthermore, hormonally treated patients in relapse had significantly lower activity than patients in remission or with stable disease. Hormone therapy was without major influence on NK activity. BCG vaccination as an adjuvant immunotherapy was done in a small group of patients. Baseline NK activity and interferon-stimulated activity were enhanced by BCG in most cases.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1984

[Prevention of urinary calculi with thiazides and allopurinol. A long-term study].

In 30 cases of recurring urinary calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate calculi, renal or absorptive hypercalciuria or hyperuricemia, long term controls of serum and urine electrolytes were made under hydrochlorothiazide and allopurinol therapy. By differentiating the type of hypercalciuria it could be determined, if thiazide-therapy is indicated in renal hypercalciuria only or in the absorptive cases as well. Statistic comparison of the patients with - and without increased urinary sodium excretion solved the question whether high sodium excretion diminishes or abolishes the hypocalciuric thiazide effect. The frequency of stones before and after treatment supports the efficacy of thiazide prophylaxis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The handling of Listeria monocytogenes by macrophages: the search for an immunogenic molecule in antigen presentation.

The activation of T lymphocytes for immunity to the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes requires that Ia-positive macrophages ingest the bacteria. The subsequent handling of Listeria by macrophages was examined in this report and related to antigen presentation to T cells. Macrophages pulsed with radiolabeled Listeria, besides releasing acid-soluble radioactivity--an indication of extensive catabolism of the Listeria-derived proteins--were also found to release acid-insoluble peptides. The rate of release of the peptides was not markedly affected by treatment with chloroquine, ammonia, or monensin and was independent of the state of activation and the level of Ia expression of the macrophage. The peptides were not associated with fragments of membranes and were represented by several molecular species. Listeria-derived peptides were also found associated with the macrophage plasma membrane. The membrane-associated peptides behaved like integral membrane proteins and could be released by proteases or detergents. Their expression was independent of the dose of Listeria and the level of Ia expression of the macrophage, and their presence could not be inhibited by protease inhibitors or chloroquine. The Listeria peptides released by the macrophages were very weakly immunogenic in a T cell proliferation assay. Purified plasma membranes from Listeria-pulsed macrophages, which contained membrane-associated Listeria peptides, were not immunogenic by themselves but could be reprocessed by additional macrophages to subsequently stimulate T cells. Trypsin treatment of Listeria-pulsed macrophages did not cause a significant reduction in their ability to stimulate T cells. No association was found between Ia molecules and either the membrane-associated or the released peptides with the use of several technical approaches. Hence, after internalization of Listeria, potentially immunogenic material can be found at the cell surface as well as in the culture fluid. The release of soluble peptides is a clear indication that proteins can be recycled after their internalization in vesicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Surface immunoglobulin and the lymphocyte cytoskeleton.

Surface immunoglobulin, the key surface receptor of B lymphocytes, undergoes ligand-dependent interaction with the cell cytoskeleton. The capacity of this receptor to associate with and activate the contractile apparatus mediates its unique influence on the lymphocyte physiology: membrane reorganization, chemotaxis, and receptor-ligand endocytosis. Features of this receptor-cytoskeleton interaction are probed with a simple but powerful detergent fractionation technique.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Release rates of levonorgestrel from Silastic capsules, homogeneous rods and covered rods in humans.

Three forms of subdermal implants containing levonorgestrel are described. These are: capsules, in which the powdered drug is sealed inside of lengths of Medical Grade Silastic tubing; homogeneous rods, in which the drug is uniformly dispersed in Silastic 382 Medical Grade Elastomer; and covered rods, in which a core rod of drug and filler-free polydimethylsiloxane polymer (50:50, Wt:Wt) are sealed inside thin-walled Silastic tubing. Long-term in vivo release rates from human subjects are presented; 6.5 years for capsules, 3.6 years for homogeneous rods and 4 years for covered rods. Sets of six capsules release a decreasing amount of drug through the first few hundred days in situ and after 500 days a fairly constant rate of about 35 micrograms per day is released (2 micrograms/cm). Homogeneous rods deliver a continuously declining amount of drug during the entire time studied. In the first 100 days the release averages 136 micrograms per day from a set of three 3-cm rods (15 micrograms/cm), gradually declining to 30 micrograms per day (3.3 micrograms/cm) from day 800 to day 1300. The covered rods deliver at a constant rate of 17.5 micrograms per day for a 3-cm rod (5.83 micrograms/cm) through 4 years.

Capsules↗
PubMed1983

Isometric, isotonic, and isokinetic torque variations in four muscle groups through a range of joint motion.

The purpose of this investigation was to describe and examine variations in maximal torque produced by knee extension, knee flexion, elbow extension, and elbow flexion through a range of joint motion. Subjects were young, healthy men (n = 16) and women (n = 15). Torque was measured isometrically and isokinetically using a modified Cybex apparatus. Isotonic torque was calculated from a one-repetition maximum using a modified N-K device. Joint angles were monitored with an electrogoniometer. Torque-joint angle curves were constructed for both men and women for each muscle group. Isometric torque was highest, followed by isotonic and isokinetic torque. Torque declined with increasing isokinetic velocity. The angle of peak torque was found to be highly variable in individual subjects. Variations in torque curves were explained in terms of mechanical characteristics of the musculoskeletal system. Muscle group capability was generally found to be well matched to the mechanical requirements of the movement.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Spontaneous in vitro occurrence and long-term culture of murine B lymphoblast cell lines.

Under simple culture conditions, in vitro culture of T cell-depleted splenic mononuclear cells reliably promotes the outgrowth of B lymphoblasts. Such cells, termed BLY1, can be propagated as long-term B cell lines but are nontumorigenic in syngeneic recipients. The phenotype of BLy1 cells is unusual. They express certain B cell markers, including surface mu-lambda, I-Ak, and C3 and Fc receptors; however, delta heavy chain and kappa light chain production is absent. Although the cells do not express Thy-1 or Lyt-2, Lyt-1 is readily demonstrable. These distinctive features of BLy1 cells thus resemble a recently described B cell subset prominent early in ontogeny, and in the B cell defect of NZB mice.

Animals↗