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Biomedical subjects

J Bernard

Publications and source records attributed to J Bernard.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Subacute myelogenous leukemia with Phildelphia chromosome].

Twenty-five cases of a special pattern of chronic myeloid leukemia characterized, at the first evaluation, by excessive amount of blasts in blood or bone marrow (myeloblasts greater than or equal to 20%), Ph1 chromosome, and short evolution (median survival = 14,5 months) are reported. Age, spleen volume, white blood cell count are in keeping with those found in usual chronic myeloid leukemia (C.M.L.). However, clinical course is more severe with fever, bone pains, and anemia. Myelogibrosis, high circulating basophil polymorphonuclear count, platelet and megacaryocyte abnormalities (in morphology and number) are frequently associated with blastic excess. Subacute myeloid leukemia Ph1 positive (L.M.S. Ph1+) is proposed as an appellation for these cases in order to distinguish them from chronic myelocytic leukemia (C.M.L.) and other subacute myelogytic leukemias. The association of Ph1 chromosome excess of blasts and bone marrow fibrosis distinguishes L.M.S. Ph+ from: 1 degree C.M.L. with myelogibrosis; 2 degrees unusual cases of Ph1 positive myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (M.M.M.); 3 degrees h1 positive acute leukemia. Forms of L.M.S. Ph+ with heavy blastic involvement are probably transitional cases with Ph1 acute myeloblastic leukemia. Prognosis is poorer than in C.M.L. but better than in acute blastic crisis occurring after chronic phase, which can be very similar to L.M.S. Ph1+, when seen for the first time.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cell therapy and prostate cancer].

Hormonotherapy is the standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer but disease progression ineluctably occurs. Subsequent chemotherapy has a modest symptomatic palliative role even if encouraging results were recently presented with docetaxel and estramustine combination. In this context, there is a great deal of interest in using dendritic cells therapeutically, as they are the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells in the immune system. Based on their unique adjuvant capacity, two vaccinal strategies are therefore tested in clinical trials. First approach includes the administration of cancer cells transduced by a cytokine gene to stimulate the in vivo recruitment and activation of dendritic cells, and the most advanced studies use GM-CSF gene-transduced allogenic cells. The second approach consists in infusions of dendritic cells loaded ex vivo with relevant tumoral antigens. Two prostate antigens have already been used. PSMA evaluated in 130 patients and a fusion protein PAP-GM-CSF (Provenge) in 144 patients. All treatments were well tolerated and frequently generated weak specific responses, but resulted in a limited clinical efficacy. However, engineering of dendritic cells can provide optimised cell vectors able to amplify vaccine response and clinical efficacy.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quantitative study of the medullar fibrosis in 84 cases of idiopathic myeloid splenomegaly (author's transl)].

84 bone marrow biopsies were analysed by quantification methods with Classimat. The initial diagnosis was: idiopathic myelofibrosis with splenomegaly. A previous study divided the patients among three categories, according to the classification in three progressive stages of the bone marrow disease. The quantitative lecture was done after reticulin coloration, "in blind", and on several biopsies from the same patient. The results show good correlation with classical histologic methods. The quantitative measure of fibrosis is already important as soon as the first stages of the disease. Correlations with prognosis are more difficult to define.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Human malaria: dysglobulinemia-hypocholesterolemia syndrome].

Comparative study of protein and lipid parameters within a homogenous sample of 144 non-immune subjects having stayed for four months in Central Africa, suggests a dysglobulinemia more significant in the infected group. This dysglobulinemia affects in particular the IgM which are negatively correlated with cholesterol, positively with apoproteins A2 and H.D.L. Such a peculiar profiling involving immunoglobulins, apoproteins and cholesterol is rapidly regressive after stopping exposure to parasitic risk. It appears as an adaptation syndrome--or resistance--to tropical environment.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nematode parasites of birds of the fauna in Tunisia].

330 birds of Tunisia were necropsied; they belong to 73 species among 29 families and 13 orders. We so collect 36 species of nematodes from 9 families. The relative importance of these is variable. The best represented are: Capillariidae (6 species), Spiruridae (6 species), Acuariidae (9 species) and Filariidae (6 species). The parasitism by nematodes is not uniform. Among the 330 birds autopsied only 51 were parasited by nematodes (15.45%) among 25 of the examined birds species (34.2%). Among these 25, sixteen (64%) presented only one species of parasitic nematode, six (24%) arboured two, (8%) three and only one, (partridges) presents six species of nematodes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Randomization of a population for a clinical trial of immunization against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)].

Serum HIV antibodies has been investigated in different subpopulation from four different regions in Zäire by Elisa (Elavia Pasteur) and Western Blot. Seropositive prevalence differed from 2.4% (rural population) to 12.5% (urban population) according to the regions. When the group with 2.4% migrated to the area with 12.5% positives, after 8-12 months the number of seropositives in this group raised to 8%, showing an increase of 5.6% within one year. Such population is suitable for a large scale clinical trial (with anti-AIDS vaccine) to be performed on individuals with high risk of natural infection.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunization against the human immunodeficiency virus in Zaire].

The first experimental immunization of human against the AIDS retrovirus HIV-1 was started in a series of HIV seronegative healthy volunteers in november 1986. Priming used a vaccinia virus recombinant (V25) expressing Gp 160 env determinants of HTLV III B at the surface of infected cells. This priming which induced a weak immune reaction was performed on HIV seronegative French and Zaïrian individuals living in Zaïre (Kinshasa). These results prompted to boost the primary immune response. Four different protocols were used: slow drip intravenous infusion with paraformaldehyde fixed autologous cells infected with V25 (first protocol), repeated scarification with V25 for the second protocol. The third protocol used scarifications with fragment of Gp 120 env protein, and the fourth protocol used intramuscular injections of purified autologous cell membrane infected with V25. Results of the immune reaction obtained after these boosts: The three last protocols showed a cell mediated immunity (CMI) that not significantly enhanced in comparison with CMI obtained after V25 priming alone. Moreover, the sera showed low and variable neutralizing antibodies titers one to four months after boosting. By contrast boosting with V25 infected fixed cells (D.Z. individual) provide strong humoral and cellular group specific anamnestic immune response. Indeed, high levels of antibodies to viral envelope and neutralizing antibodies against divergent HIV-1 strains were observed. Group specific CMI and cell mediated cytotoxicity were enhanced by boosts. Skin-tests showed high mediated and delayed hypersensitivity to GP 160 in vivo. For the first time, these results show that an immune stage against HIV can be obtained in a man.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fatigue fractures of the femoral neck. Retrospective study of 12 cases].

The authors are performing a retrospective analysis of 12 femoral neck stress fractures gathered between 1977 and 1984 at the "Hôpital Regional des Armées de Toulouse". These fractures, localised at the femoral neck, occur after the beginning of training course, latter than by the other localisations. This shift can be explained by the acceleration of training level at the end of the instruction and by the importance of the muscle strain as a releasing factor of this pathology. The clinical is stereotyped, the X ray photographs often point out a fracture mark or a osseous condensation in strips perpendicular to the forces lines. However, the evolutionary potential of this fracture is high and the authors find out three displaced fractures. So they suggest a usual practice towards this pathology including a osseous radiography and scintigraphy the diagnostic should be done during the useful phase of this affection which is the stress prefracture state: stereotyped clinical frame, normal radiography and positive osseous scintigraphy.

Adaptation, Physiological↗