Biomedical subjects

J Beer

Publications and source records attributed to J Beer.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Correlations among WISC-R IQs and several measures of receptive and expressive language for children referred for Special Education.

For 42 children from rural north central Kansas school districts (27 boys, 15 girls) who were referred for Special Education testing, the WISC-R IQs (Full Scale, Verbal, and Performance), the means on the Expressive One Word Picture Vocabulary Test, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test--Revised, and the Test of Language Development were recorded from the children's files. No sex differences on any variable were noted; all variables correlated (Pearson) significantly but varied in magnitude. This group of tests, being intercorrelated, can be used to collect information on children's academic, speech, and language abilities. Valid judgments can be made regarding children's academic abilities for school when multiple tests are administered by professional staff.

Child↗

PubMed1991

Depression, general anxiety, test anxiety, and rigidity of gifted junior high and high school children.

27 gifted students in junior high and high school from north central Kansas school districts were administered the Children's Depression Inventory, the Beck Depression Scale, Test Anxiety Scale, General Anxiety Scale, and Breskin's Rigidity Scale. Sex, age, and grade were not considered, as the sample was small. The gifted students' mean scores for depression were below the cut-off score while their test anxiety, general anxiety, and rigidity scores were at moderate levels. Pearson correlations were significant for Beck Depression with the Children's Depression (r = .82) and General Anxiety Scales (r = .60). Scores on the General Anxiety Scale correlated significantly with those on the Children's Depression Inventory (r = .69) and the Test Anxiety Scale (r = .55). Rigidity scores were not correlated significantly with any other measure and scores on the depression scales did not correlate significantly with those on the Test Anxiety Scale.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Self-esteem, alcoholism, sensation seeking, GPA, and Differential Aptitude Test scores of high school students in an honor society.

29 high school students (10 boys, 19 girls), members of an honor society from a rural north central Kansas school district, were administered the MacAndrew Alcohol Scale, the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory--School Form, and the Sensation Seeking Scale (Form V). Their GPAs and the Differential Aptitude Test scores (verbal reasoning, numerical reasoning, verbal plus numerical reasoning) were collected from their school files. Although ranges were restricted, this group's scores fell within normal levels on these measures. Boys scored higher on the MacAndrew scale, verbal plus numerical reasoning, and sensation seeking than girls. The seniors and juniors scored higher on sensation seeking than the sophomores. Correlations among scores were of low magnitude and likely reflected social pressures on this small scholastically able group.

Achievement↗

PubMed1990

Stable Salmonella live vaccine strains with two or more attenuating mutations and any desired level of attenuation.

Mutants optimally attenuated for highly susceptible hosts and protecting after a single oral vaccination are often overattenuated for host species being less susceptible. Therefore, to select vaccine strains optimally attenuated for the particular host species it is essential that a range of mutants with graded levels of attenuation be provided so as to permit lesser susceptibility to be compensated for by a correspondingly lower level of attenuation. This, while guaranteeing the stability through two-marker or multi-marker attenuation, can be suitably accomplished by slightly to moderately virulence-reducing mutations. Aspartic acid auxotrophy and, in particular, 'metabolic drift' mutations, possibly by additionally incorporating antiepidemic markers, are adopted for the mouse model to demonstrate stepwise production of S. typhimurium and S. typhi vaccine candidate strains with graded attenuation or any level of attenuation desirable. It is emphasized that this basic approach is relevant to practice.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Correlations among ambiguous figures, curiosity, and spatial ability.

For 29 college students (6 men, 23 women) who passively viewed in each of 6 blocks both the Schroeder stair and the Necker cube for 3 min. apiece with one 3-min. rest between viewings, their frequency of reversals, sex, GPA, scores on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Information subtest, the two-dimensional Test 8, and the three-dimensional Test 9 of the Multiple Aptitude Test, measuring spatial ability, and three curiosity measures--the Which-to-Discuss Test, the Maze test, and the Ontario Test of Intrinsic Motivation--were not significantly correlated by Pearson's method with the number of ambiguous figure reversals.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Facilitation effects with the order of presentation of the Necker cube and Schroeder staircase.

Each of 6 men and 23 women, recruited from upper division college classes was assigned to one of two conditions of viewing ambiguous figures. To Group 1 (4 men, 10 women) was presented the Schroeder stair first, then the Necker cube, while to Group 2 (2 men, 13 women) the illusions were presented in the opposite order. During 6 blocks each subject passively viewed the first figure for 3 min., followed by a 3-min. rest, and then viewed the second figure for 3 min. Subjects indicated verbally when they perceived shift. There was no significant facilitation but reversals increased when subjects viewed the same figure for a second time.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Codependency and self-esteem among high school students.

46 north central Kansas rural high school students completed a coedependency measure prepared from a list of codependent characteristics and the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory--Short Form including the Lie scale. Girls reported higher codependency scores than boys, but there was no difference between boys and girls on self-esteem. There was a significant difference between boys and girls on the self-esteem lie scores; boys tended to exaggerate their responses to appear more socially appropriate. The Pearson correlations suggest a moderate and negative association of self-esteem and codependency.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1990

Self-consciousness, self-esteem and depression of gifted school children.

38 gifted students from north central school districts were administered the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory--Short Form, the Self-consciousness Scale, and the Children's Depression Inventory. The gifted students' mean score on depression was below the cut-off and so did not indicate depression while their mean score on self-esteem was within average range. The Pearson correlation for self-esteem and lie scores was significant and positive, indicating, if the lie scores are high, the self-esteem scores tend to be high. The General Self-consciousness mean was low; students spend time examining their own behavior and thought. The Private Self-consciousness mean was low and suggests, however, these students tend to avoid thinking about themselves and are not so overly concerned with self-examination that this interferes with everyday function. On Public Self-consciousness a borderline low mean score allows the inference that these students display little concern about how others will react to them in social settings, how they appear to others, that is, they show some insensitivity associated with high self-confidence. The mean on Social Anxiety was within the normal limits.

Child↗

PubMed1990

Relationship between alcohol dependency and suicide ideation among high school students.

126 high school students completed the MacAndrew Alcohol Scale and a modified version of the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. Analyses of variance (2 x 4) showed boys were not experiencing suicide ideation any more than girls; suicide ideation was similar across the four grades, but on alcohol-dependency boys scored significantly higher than girls and scores for Grade 9 were significantly higher than those for Grade 10. The sophomores' scores on alcohol dependency were significantly lower than the freshmen's scores. One Pearson r of 0.28 between alcohol dependency and suicide ideation was significant but research must explore better the associations of thoughts of suicide and drug/alcohol dependency among high school students so strategies may focus upon prevention and intervention.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Educational needs of school personnel regarding child abuse and/or neglect.

From a review of literature a questionnaire was developed to identify problems related to child abuse/neglect in a rural school district. School administrators, regular and special education teachers, and counselors completed the survey to help establish more effective training programs. Analysis indicated that (1) school personnel need further assistance in dealing with problems pertaining to the maltreatment of students. (2) Formal, coordinated, workshop training for child abuse/neglect is needed. (3) Colleges and universities should offer instruction on abuse/neglect for persons preparing to work in schools. (4) School personnel need to be aware of and abide by the laws regarding reporting cases of abuse/neglect. (5) Improved communication among school, community, courts, and social service agencies is required for dealing wtih abuse cases. (6) School personnel should become more aware of what happens after abuse/neglect has been reported. Information from such analysis even for one school district can increase insight into problems.

Child↗

PubMed1989

Evidence that platelet glycoprotein IIIa has a large disulfide-bonded loop that is susceptible to proteolytic cleavage.

The proteolytic digestion of GPIIIa on intact platelets by chymotrypsin, thrombin, plasmin, trypsin, and staphylococcal V8 protease was monitored in immunoblot studies employing three different antibodies to GPIIIa, one of which was made against a 13-residue synthetic peptide containing the amino terminus of GPIIIa. Chymotrypsin, plasmin, and trypsin gave similar patterns, from which it could be inferred that the major products after extensive digestion were two-chain molecules composed of amino-terminal fragments of Mr approximately 17,000-18,000 disulfide bonded to carboxyl-terminal remnants of Mr approximately 58,000-70,000. These patterns suggest that GPIIIa contains a large disulfide-bonded loop of at least 325 amino acids that is susceptible to proteolytic cleavage, and that the 4 cysteine residues between residues 177 and 273 bond with each other. Such a structure can also account for the presence of the PIA1 epitope, which has recently been localized to a polymorphism at position 33 on these late digestion products. Thrombin did not proteolyze GPIIIa even at 2.5 units/ml. Still to be resolved is whether the minor immunoreactive GPIIIa bands found on normal platelets are related to in vivo or in vitro proteolysis and whether GPIIIa proteolysis plays a role in chymotrypsin-induced exposure of the GPIIb/IIIa receptor.

Blood Platelets↗

PubMed1989

Learning effects while passively viewing the Necker cube.

Over a 2-wk. period 15 high school students passively viewed a Necker cube for 5 trials (90 sec. per trial). The number of reversals per trial indicates there were practice effects. Measures of tolerance of ambiguity (Tolerance of Ambiguity), anxiety (General Anxiety Scale and Test Anxiety Scale), and rigidity (Breskin's Rigidity) were administered. Pearson correlations indicate that tolerance of ambiguity was not associated with viewing an ambiguous figure, the Necker cube. Analysis also suggests the more rigid the person's outlook, the fewer reversals were reported, and exposure to viewing the figure lowers anxiety.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Relationship of eye color to winning horseshoe pitching contests.

Light-eyed individuals perform some self-paced activities better while dark-eyed individuals perform reactive activities better. In horseshoe pitching contests there were, however, no differences on winning or losing between 21 light- and 25 dark-eyed men at a county fair.

Achievement↗

PubMed1989

Effects of eye color on the accuracy of ball throwing of elementary school children.

Light-eyed individuals generally perform better at self-paced activities while dark-eyed individuals perform better at reactive activities. In throwing a ball at a target there were no differences between light- and dark-eyed elementary school-age children. Boys hit the target more times than did girls, and older children in upper grades hit the target more often than did younger children in lower grades.

Attention↗

PubMed1989

Effects of eye color and sex on accuracy in archery.

126 subjects were 47 children in Grade 7, 49 students in Grade 8, and 30 adults, who shot arrows at bull's-eye targets from varying distances. Analysis of variance of accuracy scores indicated that there was no difference for eye color, but boys scored more points than did girls.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Relations of eye color to scores on Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency--Short Form.

The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency--Short Form (8 subtests and 15 motor skill activities) was administered individually to 28 students. Multivariate analysis of variance showed no association with differences in eye color. There were two significant sex differences on univariate F tests; boys scored better at standing broad jump than girls, while girls scored better at standing on one leg and drawing a straight line than boys.

Child↗

PubMed1989

Relations of moderate physical exercise to scores on hostility, aggression, and aggression, and trait-anxiety.

100 male subjects were selected from a midwestern university and categorized into 5 jogging groups, advanced, intermediate, beginning, drop-out joggers and nonexercisers, who were administered the Commitment to Running Scale, the Buss-Durkee inventory measuring hostility and aggression, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Analysis of covariance with age as a covariate was performed using a 5 x 2 design with the 5 levels of jogging and status of the jogger (student/nonstudent) as independent variables. Fisher's LSD was used for multiple comparisons. Joggers scored higher than drop-outs or nonexercisers on the Commitment to Running Scale. Nonexercisers had higher mean scores on trait anxiety than advanced, intermediate, and drop-out joggers; advanced joggers had a lower mean trait-anxiety score than any other group. Nonexercisers had higher mean aggression and hostility scores than drop-out or advanced joggers; drop-out and advanced joggers did not differ significantly but their scores were significantly lower than those of other groups of joggers. These findings confirm that jogging affects trait anxiety, hostility, and aggression positively, which supports use of exercise preventively.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Age and living conditions as related to perceptions of ambiguous figures.

For ambiguous figures, reversing and embedded/hidden subfigures, data were obtained from four groups of 20 subjects each varying in age (young or elderly) and living environments (in college, in the community, and in nursing homes or confined to an institution). 10 men and 10 women were tested in each of the four groups. Dependent measures were the number of reversals passively reported for the Necker cube, the Mach book, the Schroeder staircase within 90 sec. on each task, and the number of embedded/hidden figures located. Younger subjects generally saw more reversals and found more embedded figures than elderly ones. The subjects' living situation, education, and verbal ability also were correlated with perceptual performance. These results suggest generalization of age associations with scores in 90 sec. must be tempered by consideration of other factors which affect intactness, basic competence, and how competence is measured.

Adolescent↗