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Biomedical subjects

J Bauer

Publications and source records attributed to J Bauer.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Urogynecologic findings in patients following abdominal radical operation for cervix cancer].

Two collectives of patients of the I. Gynecological-obstetrical clinic Praha/CSSR suffering from cervical cancer are examined after abdominal radical hysterectomy Wertheim-Meigs. Group 1 contained 125 women treated in the years 1957 to 1966, group 2 included 89 women undergoing the operation in the years 1981 to 1986. In group 2 we found a lower rate of perioperative injuries and early and late disturbances of the urinary tract following radical hysterectomy. This may be a result of more careful preparation of the ureter and intensive postoperative care. We examined 56 women of group 2 by urodynamics. There are statistical significant changes of the maximum urethral pressure and bladder compliance after the operation. This values returned to normal limits with increasing distance between operation and follow-up.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Regulation of interleukin-6 expression in cultured human blood monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages.

A culture system that allows human blood monocytes to differentiate into macrophages in vitro was used to study B-cell stimulatory factor-2/interleukin-6 (interferon-beta 2/26 kd protein) expression in mononuclear phagocytes. Using B-cell stimulatory factor-2 (BSF-2) cDNA and a polyclonal, monospecific antibody directed against human BSF-2, we find that strong interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression is initiated in cultured monocytes on stimulation with endotoxin. Maximally induced monocytic BSF-2/IL-6 synthesis (1% to 2% of total proteins secreted by monocytes) is more than ten times stronger than in terminally differentiated macrophages (approximately 0.1% of total secretory proteins). BSF-2/IL-6 mRNA was detectable as early as one hour after stimulation with endotoxin, reaching maximum levels three hours after stimulus. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) was able to stimulate IL-6 synthesis in monocytes, but not in macrophages. Tumor necrosis factor, interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 (IL-2) had no effect on IL-6 synthesis in monocytes or macrophages. We found five molecular weight forms of BSF-2/IL-6 to be secreted by monocytes of 21.5 kd, 23.5 kd, 24 kd, 26 kd, and 28 kd apparent molecular weight. The 26 kd and 28 kd forms were found to represent N-glycosylated molecules, which were not detectable on treatment of the cells with the N-glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin. The 21.5 kd, 23.5 kd, and 24 kd BSF-2/IL-6 forms were unaffected by tunicamycin treatment. We conclude from our data that cells of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage are one of the main sites of BSF-2/IL-6 (interferon-beta 2/26 kd protein/HSF) synthesis.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1988

[Arthrography of the wrist joint in determination of the prosthesis site].

Arthrography was performed during the last 12 months in 14 patients who had 2 months to 10 years after implantation of a silicone-elastomer- or fascia-lata-prosthesis recurrent complaints in their operated wrists. Following an extensive radiological native examination either midcarpal or radiocarpal arthrography was performed in dependence of the site of carpal-bone-substitute. Inflammatory changes of the prosthetic bed, missing penetration of contrast medium into the periprosthetic space and other less common additional findings showed the advantages of the relatively handsome procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Repression of alpha 2-macroglobulin and stimulation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor synthesis in human mononuclear phagocytes by endotoxin.

Mononuclear phagocytes are a bone-marrow-derived subgroup of white blood cells which circulate as monocytes and, after differentiation into macrophages, become resident in many tissues. By synthesizing the important proteinase inhibitors alpha 2-macroglobulin and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor mononuclear phagocytes contribute to the control of proteolysis both in blood and tissues. Applying a culture system which enables human blood monocytes to differentiate into macrophages in vitro, synthesis of alpha 2-macroglobulin and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor was studied. The normal course of monocyte-macrophage maturation is accompanied by a strong increase of specific alpha 2-macroglobulin synthesis and a concomitant slight decrease of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. alpha 2-Macroglobulin can be designated as a marker protein of the monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Endotoxin (Salmonella typhi) in a concentration as low as 100 ng/ml strongly represses alpha 2-macroglobulin synthesis both in monocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, endotoxin completely abolishes the induction of alpha 2-macroglobulin synthesis during the course of normal monocyte in vitro cultivation, indicating that endotoxin is a strong inhibitor of the monocyte-macrophage maturation. In contrast to alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor synthesis is strongly stimulated by endotoxin in monocytes as well as in macrophages.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1987

Recombinant human B cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-2/IFN-beta 2) regulates beta-fibrinogen and albumin mRNA levels in Fao-9 cells.

Conditioned medium from human monocytes contains a partially characterized hepatocyte-stimulating factor that simultaneously elevates the mRNA levels of the acute-phase protein beta-fibrinogen and decreases albumin mRNA in rat hepatoma cells. We demonstrate that recombinant human B-cell stimulatory factor 2, which is identical to interferon-beta 2/26 kDa protein and interleukin-HP1, exhibits the same activity as hepatocyte-stimulating factor. Furthermore, a specific antibody against B-cell stimulatory factor 2 was able to inhibit hepatocyte-stimulating factor in conditioned medium from human monocytes. Our data show that hepatocyte-stimulating factor and B-cell stimulatory factor 2 are functionally and immunologically related proteins.

Albumins↗
PubMed1987

Electrophoretic separation of cells.

There are several kinds of cell electrophoresis. The most important are free-flow electrophoresis, scaled-up free-flow electrophoresis and column electrophoresis. All kinds of cell electrophoresis, especially free-flow electrophoresis, have been improved to a very high standard of separation accuracy, and their application possibilities are extended when antigen-specific electrophoretic cell separation is performed, or when cell electrophoresis is combined with other physical methods for cell separation. Cell electrophoresis and other physical cell separation methods have the advantage that the functional state of the cells remains virtually unchanged during the isolation procedure. With the help of cell electrophoresis monocytes, T-lymphocytes, platelets and other cells from human peripheral blood could be purified. Other human cells were enriched for immunological characterization. Furthermore, cells that secreted human plasminogen activators or human antibodies were electrophoresed to give cell fractions with increased frequencies of the cells of interest.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Direct evidence for chloride-dependent volume reduction in macrocytic sheep reticulocytes.

Cytometric analysis of the volume-distribution of macrocytic reticulocytes from 6-8 days acutely anemic sheep of both high and low potassium erythrocyte type revealed hyposmotically induced cell volume reduction in K-free NaCl but not in Na-methane sulfonate (CH3SO3Na) media. Furthermore N-ethylmaleimide, known to stimulate K:Cl efflux in these cells, and low extracellular pH caused cell shrinkage in isosmotic NaCl but not in CH3SO3Na. These data suggest that cell volume reduction, physiologically occurring during reticulocyte maturation, is a Cl-dependent process most likely involving electro-neutral K:Cl transport known to exist in reticulocytes of both sheep cation genotypes.

Anemia↗
PubMed1987

The inflammation mediators interleukin 1 and hepatocyte-stimulating factor are differently regulated in human monocytes.

Human peripheral monocytes can be induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide to produce the inflammatory mediators interleukin 1 (IL 1) and hepatocyte-stimulating (HS) activity. IL1 and HS activities were separated by gel permeation chromatography. It is also shown that the two monokines are differently regulated. Evidence for this stems from the finding that monocytes cultured for 24 h lose their ability to produce IL1 in response to lipopolysaccharide, while synthesis of HS activity remains essentially unaffected.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1987

Discrimination of hepatocyte-stimulating activity from human recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha.

The involvement of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) in the regulation of acute-phase protein synthesis is currently under discussion. In this study the effect of human recombinant TNF alpha on the regulation of the 4 acute-phase proteins alpha 2-macroglobulin, albumin, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha 1-acute-phase globulin was investigated in rat hepatocyte primary cultures. No changes in synthesis of any of the 4 proteins were observed. However, an acute-phase response similar to that in vivo could be generated by conditioned media from human monocytes containing natural TNF alpha. This response remained unchanged after neutralizing TNF alpha activity by the addition of a specific antibody to TNF alpha. It is concluded that the hepatocyte-stimulating activity synthesized by human monocytes is different from TNF alpha.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1987

Familial polyposis coli. Results of mucosal proctectomy with ileoanal anastomosis.

The outcome of mucosal proctectomy with ileoanal anastomosis in patients with polyposis coli has not been well studied. A series of 25 patients with polyposis treated at the Mount Sinai Hospital over a period of ten years is reported. The mean age of the patients was 23 years. Early postoperative complications were present in seven patients and consisted of thrombophlebitis (three), pelvic sepsis (three), and retraction of the anastomosis (one). Intestinal obstruction requiring laparotomy occurred in another five patients. Twenty-three patients were followed for a mean of 47 months after closure of the ileostomy. Ninety-one percent are satisfied with the operative results. The mean number of bowel movements per 24 hours is 6.0. All patients are continent, but eight have occasional episodes of rectal seepage at night. Nearly 50 percent require some antidiarrheal medication. New adenomatous polyps have developed just above the dentate line in four patients. Patients with polyposis coli seem to have fewer serious complications requiring excision of the ileoanal anastomosis than patients with ulcerative colitis. They also should have lifelong surveillance of the entire gastrointestinal tract even after total colectomy with ileoanal anastomosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Trypanosoma congolense: lack of correlation between the resistance of cattle subjected to experimental cyclic infection or to field challenge.

Twelve male cattle of the Baoulé breed were exposed to natural trypanosome challenge in an area of high Glossina density, to characterize them as trypanoresistant or trypanosensitive. Weekly blood samples were taken for the determination of parasitemia and packed cell volume, as a measure of anemia. Seven Zebu cattle were also exposed to challenge at the same time. The Zebu proved to be trypanosensitive with high parasitemia, pronounced anemia and died or were drug treated in extremis. Five Baoulé were as sensitive as the Zebu while 7 others were trypanoresistant since they showed little or no patent parasitemia, only mild transient anemia and survived in good condition. The 12 Baoulé were allowed to recover from challenge in the field and along with 7 Zebu were subjected to experimental fly challenge in fly-proof accommodation. Glossina morsitans submorsitans infected with a clone of Trypanosoma congolense derived from the stock Serengeti/71/STIB/212 were allowed to engorge on the shaven flanks of tranquilized animals. All animals showed persistent parasitemia for at least 7 weeks, including all the Baoulé resistant to natural challenge. Two Baoulé, one resistant and one sensitive to natural challenge, and 4/7 Zebu appeared unable to control parasitemia, had severe anemia, and were drug treated in extremis. The remaining Baoulé, 6 resistant and 4 sensitive, appeared to be undergoing spontaneous cure by Week 9-10, as did 3/7 Zebu. In Zebu, anemia was as pronounced as under natural challenge. Three resistant Baoulé maintained packed cell volume above 30 as under field challenge but the others showed marked anemia. On the contrary, 4 sensitive Baoulé showed only slight anemia after artificial fly challenge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of severe chronic insomnia with L-tryptophan: results of a double-blind cross-over study.

Thirty-nine subjects with chronic insomnia were treated with L-tryptophan (L-TRP) in a double-blind, cross-over study. Instead of a placebo, a very low dose of 0.04 g L-TRP was used. The subjects suffered from a sleeping disorder classified as "psychophysiological, persistent". In the subgroup taking the full L-TRP (2 g) dose first, there was a significant difference between the treatment period with the full L-TRP dose and the ineffective dose (placebo). If the placebo was given first, however, there was no significant difference between the two treatment periods. It is suggested that psychological factors are responsible for the diverging results in the two subgroups of patients. On the basis of subjective ratings, it appears that L-TRP is effective in promoting sleep in cases of chronic insomnia.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of severe chronic insomnia with L-tryptophan and varying sleeping times.

Twenty-five subjects suffering from severe chronic insomnia were treated for four weeks with 2 g of L-tryptophan in combination with a schedule of varying sleeping times which caused a sleep deficiency at the beginning of treatment. A second four-week period without L-tryptophan was used as a control. Nineteen subjects (76%) experienced a markedly improved sleeping pattern after four weeks; the sleeping behavior of ten of these subjects, however, deteriorated again after the control period. Daily self-rating protocols revealed that the subjects' sleep improved significantly between the 10th and 15th day after starting treatment. Further sleep-related items such as "activity", "mood", "nervous tension", "contentment", and "quality of the preceding day" were also evaluated. This treatment schedule can thus be recommended for the treatment of severe chronic insomnia.

Adult↗