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Biomedical subjects

J Bauer

Publications and source records attributed to J Bauer.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Determining the position of the prosthesis using arthrography of the wrist joint].

During the last twelve months twelve patients with different silicone prostheses of the wrist region underwent examination with arthrograms two to twenty-four months after the operation. The arthrography showed the relation of the implant to its surrounding structures. For either radiocarpal or intercarpal arthrography a very distant access was used. In eight patients the prostheses were surrounded entirely by contrast medium. There was no contrast-medium on one side of the implant in two patients. In one patient a complete disconnection from the capsule to the site of the prosthesis was seen. In one other patient there was evident shrinking of the capsule. Wrist arthrography was very helpful for the evaluation of further clinical proceeding and control of wrist-function.

Arthrography↗
PubMed1989

[Liver cirrhosis in young calves].

Among the cattle admitted to the II. Medizinische Tierklinik of the University of Munich during the years 1982-86, 38 calves of up to 6 weeks of age had a dystrophy (n=5), pre-cirrhosis (n=21) or cirrhosis (n=12) of the liver. Similar hepatic lesions were found in three 1- to 7-day-old calves and in 1 foetus aborted in the 7th month of gestation which were submitted for necropsy. Of the 38 patients (74% male, 87% German Fleckvieh) 25 had been ill since the first seven days of life (mean age on admittance: x=14 days). These hepatopathies showed no significant preponderance in regard to breed, sex or season. The general condition of the calves was moderately to severely disturbed. Catarrhal enteritis resistant to treatment was the main clinical finding in 32 of the 38 patients. Nine calves developed central nervous symptoms (delayed reflexes, impaired coordination, convulsions, opisthotonus). Neurohistological examination of one of these calves revealed massive astrocytic oedema, shrinkage of individual nerve cells and formation of the so-called hepatic glia (hepatoencephalopathy). Even in the last days before death icterus of the sclera was noted in only 11 of the 38 patients; of these, nine also displayed icterus of the mucous membranes. The calves died between the third day to seventh week of life; mean age at death 18 days. Haematological examination: in 12 cases mild to marked anaemia (but without signs of haemolysis), marked granulocytosis with a shift to the left in 20 cases, sometimes additionally neutrocytes with nuclei resembling Pelger's nuclear anomaly (pseudo-Pelger), granulocytes with basophilic stippling as well as lymphoidocytes. The blood glucose levels were usually markedly reduced. 15 calves had a pronounced refractory hypoglycaemia with blood glucose levels under 1,66 mmol/l. Neither albumin concentration nor the specific serum globulin fractions showed significant differences when compared to an age matched control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Countercurrent centrifugal elutriation in a table-top centrifuge.

An elutriation system has been developed which fits into a small table-top centrifuge. The new CS1 rotor functioned as accurately as the JE-6 rotor, commercially available from Beckman Instruments. However, fewer cells were required for the separation experiments. Leukocytes obtained from 25 ml whole blood by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation were sufficient for separating lymphocytes from monocytes and for purifying granulocytes. Furthermore, when lymphocytes were harvested from cell cultures 40 ml of a suspension of 1.2 x 10(6) cells/ml were enough to yield an enriched preparation of antibody producing cells.

Antibody-Producing Cells↗
PubMed1988

Cell-free-synthesized interleukin-6 (BSF-2/IFN-beta 2) exhibits hepatocyte-stimulating activity.

Secretory products of cultured human blood monocytes contain a hepatocyte-stimulating factor which is able to induce the acute-phase proteins alpha 2-macroglobulin and fibrinogen in rat liver cells. Total RNA was isolated from unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes and translated in a reticulocyte lysate. The capability of the cell-free synthesized proteins to induce the acute-phase proteins alpha 2-macroglobulin and fibrinogen was assayed in rat hepatocyte primary cultures and in the rat hepatoma cell line Fao. The products translated from the mRNA of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes induced mRNAs for alpha 2-macroglobulin and fibrinogen and therefore contain hepatocyte-stimulating factor. The translation products of unstimulated monocytes had no effect. A cDNA containing the coding sequence for interleukin-6 (B-cell stimulatory factor 2, interferon-beta 2/26-kDa protein, interleukin HP1) derived from human T-cells cloned into the transcription vector pGEM4 was transcribed in vitro. Translation of the isolated RNA in a reticulocyte lysate led to the synthesis of a protein of about 25 kDa. This cell-free synthesized interleukin-6 exhibited hepatocyte-stimulating activity measured by the induction of beta-fibrinogen mRNA in Fao cells. Using an antibody against interleukin-6, two proteins of 22 kDa and 23 kDa were immunoprecipitated from the culture medium of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes. These two proteins were not synthesized by unstimulated monocytes. When total RNA from unstimulated human monocytes and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes and lymphocytes was subjected to Northern analysis and hybridized with the interleukin-6 cDNA, a strong hybridization signal corresponding to an RNA of about 1300 bases was detected only in the RNA from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes, indicating that human monocytes express the interleukin-6 gene after stimulation. The data presented in this paper strongly suggest that hepatocyte-stimulating factor from human monocytes and interleukin-6 from T-cells are identical.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Separation accuracy of free flow electrophoresis as proved by flow cytometry.

The separation accuracy of the free flow electrophoresis ACE 710 device was proved by immunological methods. Several cell populations of human peripheral blood were purified using physical cell isolation methods such as countercurrent centrifugal elutriation and cell electrophoresis. The purified cell fractions were treated with fluoresceinisothiocyanate-labelled antibodies. The percentages of cells in each fraction binding the antibodies of interest were determined by flow cytometry. The analyses revealed that with the help of free flow electrophoresis, given cell populations of human peripheral blood can be highly enriched and that preenrichment of minor cell populations enhances the efficacy of a flow cytometer.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1988

Astrocytes synthesize and secrete alpha 2-macroglobulin: differences between the regulation of alpha 2-macroglobulin synthesis in rat liver and brain.

alpha 2-Macroglobulin (alpha 2M) is an important proteinase inhibitor both in the blood and in the interstitial space of many mammalian species. Recently, occurrence of alpha 2M in human and fetal rat brain has been reported. However, its cellular origin remained obscure. Here it will be shown that astroglial cells cultured from newborn rats synthesize and secrete alpha 2M. In addition to astrocyte primary cultures a rat astrocytoma cell line, C6-cells, also synthesize and secrete alpha 2M. In contrast to hepatocytes of the adult rat, where alpha 2M is expressed as an acute-phase protein and where glucocorticoids and monocyte-derived factors are required for its synthesis, alpha 2M synthesis in astrocytes of newborn rats is independent from both. It is therefore concluded that expression of alpha 2M is differently regulated in the liver of the adult rat and fetal or neonatal brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Endotoxin abolishes the induction of alpha 2-macroglobulin synthesis in cultured human monocytes indicating inhibition of the terminal monocyte maturation into macrophages.

Monocytes were prepared from human blood and allowed to differentiate into macrophages in vitro. Synthesis and secretion of the potent proteinase inhibitor alpha 2-macroglobulin is strongly induced during maturation of monocytes into macrophages establishing alpha 2-macroglobulin as a differentiation marker protein. When the monocytes were incubated with endotoxin (S. typhi) in a concentration as low as 100 ng/ml, induction of alpha 2-macroglobulin synthesis was completely abolished indicating impaired monocyte/macrophage differentiation by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In contrast to alpha 2-macroglobulin, synthesis of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor in mononuclear phagocytes was stimulated by endotoxin.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1988

[Determination of ochratoxin A in human milk].

A method for the determination of ochratoxin A in milk is described. The milk is homogenized in a buffer solution at pH 1.6 to release ochratoxin A from its bond to proteins. Ochratoxin A is extracted with chloroform and the extract cleaned up using a base clean-up step. Analysis is performed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, using a reversed-phase column and fluorescence detection. The detection limit of the method is 0.1 ng/ml and the average recovery rate, tested in the range between 0.5 and 10.0 ng/ml, was found to be 83.1%. Chemical ionization mass spectrometry (direct exposure probe) and an enzyme immunoassay were used as confirmatory tests. Using this method, trace amounts of ochratoxin A were found in 4 of 36 randomly collected human milk samples.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1988

The negative surface charge density is a maturation marker of human B lymphocytes.

Small resting B lymphocytes were highly enriched and completely depleted of all preactivated large B lymphocytes using countercurrent centrifugal elutriation and free flow electrophoresis. They required T lymphocytes, monocytes, and a mitogen to produce antibodies after 5 days of preincubation. Large activated B lymphocytes were obtained in cell fractions which were free of resting ones. They produced antibodies even in the absence of a mitogen. Two groups were distinguished, differing in their stage of differentiation and their negative surface charge density. The cells of one group had an electrophoretic mobility (EM) like resting B lymphocytes ranging from 0.85 to 0.99 X 10(-4) (cm2 V-1 s-1). They took 2 to 3 days of preincubation before they started to secrete antibodies. Interleukin 2 and pokeweed mitogen enhanced their antibody production capability. The cells of the other group had an EM between 0.99 and 1.13 X 10(-4) (cm2 V-1 s-1). They secreted antibodies even during the first day of incubation. The quantity of the antibodies which they produced depended only on the blood donor. It could not be influenced by a mitogen or by interleukin 2. The study shows that large B lymphocytes with high negative surface charge density are in a later maturation stage than those with lower negative surface charge density.

Antibody-Producing Cells↗
PubMed1988

Immune responses of trypanoresistant and trypanosusceptible cattle after cyclic infection with Trypanosoma congolense.

To study the mechanisms by which certain West African taurine cattle are able to resist trypanosomiasis, the disease course and several immune parameters were examined in eleven Baoulé and five Zebu cattle after infection with tsetse-transmitted T. congolense (clone 1180 of stock Serengeti/71/STIB/212). All animals showed a similar onset of parasitemia but subsequently a continuum of disease was observed ranging from four Baoulé which were mildly susceptible (controlled parasitemia by week 10 post-infection and had little anemia) to two Baoulé and two Zebu which were highly susceptible (unable to control parasitemia, severe anemia leading to death or drug treatment in extremis). The remaining five Baoulé and three Zebu showed intermediate susceptibility. Although the most resistant animals were of the Baoulé breed, there was a spectrum of susceptibility which crossed the two breeds. Neutralizing antibody to metacyclic trypanosome antigens was detectable by day 18 in four of the mildly susceptible and three of the highly susceptible individuals but such antibodies were delayed in the remaining one severely susceptible animal. Neutralizing antibodies to antigenic variants of the first peak of blood trypanosomes were of significantly higher titre and appeared earlier in the four mildly susceptible as opposed to the highly susceptible animals. No differences in lymphocyte in vitro mitogen responses were observed in these animals except shortly before death in those severely affected. In vitro lymphocyte responses to allogeneic cells did appear to correlate with disease severity, in that animals with mild disease showed little immunosuppression of this response whilst in severely affected individuals the response was almost ablated.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Medical decompression of toxic megacolon by "rolling". A new technique of decompression with favorable long-term follow-up.

We treated 19 consecutive patients with toxic megacolon complicating inflammatory bowel disease with the usual intensive medical regimen, but also added a new technique, namely, the frequent rolling of the patient to the prone position in order to redistribute colonic gas and thereby promote decompression. In all 19 patients (100%) the colon was decompressed within 1-13 days (mean 4.9 days). Two patients (10.5%) died. In long-term follow-up (mean 6.5 years), only 4 of the 17 survivors (21%) ultimately required colectomy; the remaining 13 (68%) were either completely well or only minimally symptomatic and did not require steroids. Most reports on the management of toxic megacolon stress the need for early surgical intervention, but our success in decompression with the addition of the "rolling technique" suggests an improvement in the nonoperative management of toxic megacolon.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Islet cell tumor presenting as massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding in pregnancy.

A 27-yr-old woman presented in the 6th month of pregnancy with massive gastrointestinal bleeding due to erosion of a pancreatic islet cell tumor into the duodenum. Most islet cell tumors present with neuroendocrine manifestations; massive bleeding is a very rare presenting sign. This is the first reported case of a pregnant woman with massive bleeding from islet cell tumor erosion who underwent successful resection and delivery of a healthy term child 3 months later.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1988

[Disease and depression of productivity in raising swine caused by mycotoxins].

Mycotoxins are natural substances, which are poisonous for man and animals. Mycotoxicological investigations, carried out from 1982 to 1986, showed that aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2), trichothecenes (T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, monoacetoxyscirpenol, neosolaniol and deoxynivalenol) ochratoxin A and zearalenone are to be expected in feedstuffs. Further, sclerotia of Claviceps purpurea were found in cereals repeatedly, which demonstrates that also ergot alkaloids can be found in feedstuffs. The determined toxin concentrations often do not suffice to produce the described "classic" clinical symptoms and pathological changes. On the contrary the continuous intake of small amounts leads to chronic intoxications which are characterized by loss of weight, insufficient gain in weight, fertility disorder or increased susceptibility for infectious diseases. As feedstuffs are mostly contaminated by different kinds of toxinogenic fungi and as fungal strains are frequently able to produce several mycotoxins simultaneously, it must be assumed that naturally occurring mycotoxicoses are not monocausal, but multitoxic diseases. Although we have improved analytical methods, naturally occurring mycotoxicoses still cannot always be cleared up completely.

Animal Feed↗