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Biomedical subjects

J Bauer

Publications and source records attributed to J Bauer.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Some aspects of vitamin E related to humans and breast cancer prevention.

The biological activities of vitamin E are related to the cellular functions and presence of sufficient tissue concentrations of this micronutrient. Most of the stored vitamin E is in the adipose tissue where it appears to be distributed equally. The breast adipose tissue has similar vitamin E concentrations as other parts of the body. The ductal systems also store vitamin E in sufficient concentrations to maintain cellular functions. The milk secreted from the ducts of the breast contains a high concentration of tocopherol. Whereas the normal breast tissue presumably utilizes vitamin E as an antioxidant, tumor tissue appears to handle vitamin E differently. Breast tumors possessing estrogen negative receptors and having poor histological differentiation have lower concentrations of vitamin E than tumors with positive estrogen receptors and well differentiated histology. Since vitamin E is considered the principal, if not sole, chain-breaking lipophilic antioxidant in plasma and tissue, its role as a potential chemopreventive agent in breast cancer should be further investigated. The combination of vitamin E with other cancer chemopreventive agents appears to be a reasonable procedure.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1994

Intravenous cholangiography, ERCP, and selective operative cholangiography in the performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Between March 1990 and March 1993 some 822 consecutive patients underwent an attempt at laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Intravenous cholangiography (IVC), ERCP, and selective intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) were used in the evaluation of common bile duct (CBD) stones. Two hundred thirteen patients (26%) were identified preoperatively with either abnormal liver functions or a dilated common bile duct suggestive of CBD stones. IVC was performed in 143 patients (67%). Choledocholithiasis was identified in 14 patients (10%). Preoperative therapeutic ERCP was successful in all 14 patients (100%). Diagnostic ERCP was attempted in 61 patients and successful in 59 (97%). Choledocholithiasis was identified in 25 patients (41%). Successful extraction was accomplished in 23 patients (92%). Transcystic common bile duct exploration was used effectively in the patients with an unsuccessful ERCP. IOC was attempted in 50 patients and successful in 48 (96%). Choledocholithiasis was identified in three (6%). A retained CBD stone was present in eight patients (1%). There was one level I CBD injury (0.122%). The use of IVC, selective ERCP, and selective IOC is a reasonable approach in the performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Cholangiography↗
PubMed1994

Serum prolactin response to repetitive epileptic seizures.

We measured postictal prolactin (PRL) levels during repetitive seizures in 14 patients (10 men and 4 women) suffering from epilepsy with focal and/or secondarily generalized seizures. Between two and six seizures occurred per patient (mean 2.7). The interveral between seizures was 15 min and 8 h 40 min (mean 3 h 32 min). Five of the 14 patients showed a marked postictal PRL rise after each seizure (i.e. concentrations above 700 microU/ml for women, 500 microU/ml for men). In the remaining 9 patients there was no detectable rise in PRL. A decrease in PRL did not occur in any of the 14 patients. In those patients who had shown a marked PRL increase after the first seizure, the PRL continued to rise in subsequent seizures. Unlike previous investigations, these results show that repetitive epileptic seizures are not necessarily followed by a decrease in postictal PRL levels. A decrease in PRL response is known to occur if there is progression to status epilepticus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Band heterotopia: a rare cause of generalized epileptic seizures.

Neuronal migration disorders are rare malformations which can be associated with epileptic seizures. We report about a 14-year-old female patient suffering from epilepsy with infantile spasms, myoclonic-astatic seizures and absences. The EEG showed generalized 2.5-3/sec spike-wave paroxysms. As the possible cause of the disease the MRI scan exhibited a bilateral band heterotopia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical diagnosis and therapeutic possibilities for dementia of the Alzheimer type].

This review article tries to define some guidelines how to proceed in the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, the article will discuss presently available pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments of this disease. The first part of the article will describe diagnostic measures (physical and neuropsychological examination, test manuals, laboratory and apparative tests), and which order of sequence should be observed. Special attention is paid to disorders different from Alzheimer's disease and to take care not to overlook dementia syndromes which can be treated. In the second part of the article, therapeutic strategies, both pharmacological and nonpharmacological ones, are mentioned. Approaches to treatment of cognitive core symptoms and treatment strategies with regard to secondary psychiatric symptoms which may occur in Alzheimer's disease are discussed.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1994

[The monitor findings of digitalized conventional wrist x-rays].

The study aimed at proving the reliability of monitor systems with the matrix of 1024 x 768 for the detection of scaphoid fractures compared to conventional X-ray. Moreover, we were interested in the significance of procedures of digital imaging post processing, depending in particular on the experience of investigators. 5 investigators with different levels of experience analysed 57 X-rays of the wrist. They compared conventional X-rays with images on a high screen monitor system after the digitalisation of these X-rays by a CCD-scanner and analysed untreated and treated images. A 5-point scale ROC analysis was used for evaluation. The analysis covered a total of 1740 evaluations. The untreated images seen on the monitor system proved slightly better than conventional X-rays. Post-processing has no evident advantage over untreated images. Differing levels of experience had no effect whatsoever on the identification of findings.

Carpal Bones↗
PubMed1994

[The problem of radiation exposure during radiography of the entire spine].

The stimulus for this investigation concerning radiation exposure during radiography of the spine, particularly in children with scoliosis, is the fact that there are no data in the literature. In 16 series of measurements we studied the effect of grids, kilovoltage, focus-film distance and film-screen systems using dosimeters. The use of grids led to a 5-7 times increase in radiation dose compared with exposures without grids. For this reason grids are not recommended for serial examinations in cases of scoliosis. It is easier to evaluate the spine on a single large film than on several small films and radiation dose is also halved. Therefore, the use of large single films is recommended, particularly for children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Weekly carboplatin and VM-26 for elderly patients with small-cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Elderly patients are excluded from chemotherapy trials, even though they represent 25% of those with small cell lung cancer. An effective chemotherapy regimen with limited toxicity should be developed with the aim not only of increasing the survival of these patients, but also of improving their quality of life and their independence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients with a median age of 72 years and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) were included in the trial. Chemotherapy consisted of a weekly intravenous regimen of Carboplatin 80 mg/m2 and Teniposide 80 mg/m2 administered on an outpatient basis. RESULTS: Eight patients had limited and 16 extensive disease. After a median of 12 chemotherapy courses (2-31) the overall response rate was 66.7% (95% Cl: 44.7-84.4), with 5 patients in complete and 11 in partial remission. The median overall survival was 33 weeks, with 4 patients alive at more than one year. Improvement of symptoms occurred in 86% of patients. Toxicity, mainly hematological, was moderate. CONCLUSIONS: Weekly Carboplatin and VM-26 is an effective and non-toxic regimen for elderly patients, leading to results similar to those obtained with a more intensive regimen in a younger age group.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Bay Y 3118, a new quinolone derivative, rapidly eradicates Listeria monocytogenes from infected mice and L929 cells.

Bay Y 3118 is a new quinolone derivative with pronounced activity against gram-positive bacteria including the facultatively intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Bay Y 3118 was tested in vitro and in animal models of listeriosis. All strains of L. monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. were highly susceptible in vitro; the MICs for these organisms ranged from 0.062 to 0.25 micrograms/ml. Bay Y 3118 was rapidly bactericidal in vitro, with a postantibiotic effect occurring for 3 h after removal of the antibiotic. L. monocytogenes was eliminated from infected L929 cells treated with Bay Y 3118, suggesting a bactericidal effect on the listeriae in these cells. Immunocompetent mice were rapidly cured by treatment with 4 mg every 12 h. Concomitantly, the levels of interleukin 6 and gamma interferon in mouse sera declined rapidly. In immunocompetent mice, treatment with 2 mg of Bay Y 3118 every 12 h resulted in a greater initial reduction in the listerial counts in the organs than treatment with 2 mg of ampicillin every 12 h. Bay Y 3118 completely eliminated L. monocytogenes from the livers and spleens of chronically infected nude mice. However, some of the bacteria reappeared after the cessation of therapy. In conclusion, Bay Y 3118 is an excellent candidate substance for the therapy of infections caused by facultatively intracellular gram-positive bacteria such as L. monocytogenes.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1994

Rapidly alternating chemotherapy and hyperfractionated radiotherapy in the management of locally advanced head and neck carcinoma: four-year results of a phase I/II study.

PURPOSE: Treatment of locally advanced head and neck carcinoma by surgery and/or radiotherapy is associated with a high recurrence rate, poor survival, and, often, limitation in speech and swallowing functions. Because prolonged time of treatment might be detrimental for tumor control, we designed a study to develop a schedule of alternating radiotherapy and chemotherapy that should be administered over the shortest period of time and with the highest dose of radiotherapy as possible. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Following four successive steps of schedule modifications, regimens alternating split hyperfractionated radiotherapy (2.0 Gy/d times three over 30 to 40 days, to a total of 48 Gy to 60 Gy) and chemotherapy (cisplatin 80 to 100 mg/m2 and fluorouracil 1,000 mg/m2 by continuous infusion for 3 to 4 days, +/- vindesine 8 mg/m2 for two cycles) were administered in 91 patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Adenectomy was performed for residual nodes and major surgery for progression only. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 95.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89.1 to 98.8), with 69.2% complete and 26.4% partial responses. Among partial responders, two patients were converted into complete responders by resection of a residual node. With a median follow-up duration of 45 months, distant mestastases occurred in 18% and a second primary tumor in 7.7% of patients. The median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) durations were 24 months and 17 months, respectively. At 4 years, the survival rate was 40%. All of the locoregional recurrences occurred within the first 15 months, in 14% and 73% of the complete and partial responders, respectively. Mucositis was the dose-limiting toxicity, with a World Health Organization (WHO) grade III and IV rate of 81% at a 60-Gy dose of radiotherapy, compared with 65% at 48 Gy or 54 Gy, which precluded further dose escalation. Leukopenia was severe in the first two steps of treatment, with WHO grade IV toxicity occurring in 41% of patients; however, this decreased to 10% when vindesine was deleted from the chemotherapy regimen in the last two steps. Late toxicity in 29% of patients was not different from that expected with radiotherapy alone. Among patients with resectable tumors, a 64% rate of organ preservation was obtained. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that a full dose of hyperfractionated radiotherapy alternated with chemotherapy over 40 days could produce high antitumor activity. Mucositis was the dose-limiting toxicity, but this resolved completely within a median period of 6 weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Seven habits.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

[Use of digital photoluminescence radiography in traumatology. Report of experiences].

For more than 1 year we have had the opportunity of using a digital photoluminescence radiography system that allows documentation of the radiological findings on a high-contrast scale. In addition to chest X-rays this technical unit has been used to document skeletal findings in the skull, the cervical spine and the shoulder. In all, 211 cases have been evaluated in which digital and conventional X-rays have been taken during treatment. Using a 5-step confidence scale, two experienced investigators have evaluated and compared the digital and conventional X-rays. In respect of image quality, bone outline, and structure and identification of findings, digital documentation has proved at least as good as conventional documentation, and even superior in the case of shoulder X-rays. Improved image quality is caused by the superior bone outline. Therefore, we recommended digital photoluminescence radiography as a routine procedure for the documentation of findings in the skull, cervical spine and shoulder. Repeated investigations will become unnecessary and it will be possible to cope with large numbers of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Ictal and interictal brain SPECT imaging in epilepsy using technetium-99m-ECD.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of 99mTc-ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD), also known as 99mTc-bicisate, in the presurgical evaluation of patients suffering from medically intractable epilepsy. METHODS: Twenty-three brain SPECT studies (8 ictally and 15 interictally) were performed on 16 patients with a high-resolution annular SPECT system (CERASPECT). For the ictal studies, the tracer was injected in the very early phase of the seizure. The delay between seizure onset and 99mTc-ECD injection was 2-20 sec. RESULTS: Interictally, all patients showed circumscribed hypoperfusions. In four patients, the SPECT lesion represented only structural defects. Circumscribed increased tracer uptake was observed in all ictal studies. For all patients with temporal lobe epilepsy without significant mass lesion, in whom an interictal and ictal 99mTc-ECD-SPECT study could be obtained, the asymmetry index was 0.88 +/- 0.03 for the interictal and 1.23 +/- 0.08 for the ictal studies. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that 99mTc-ECD is an effective marker of cerebral perfusion imaging in epilepsy. In comparison to other tracers, it has a high in vitro stability and is therefore particularly useful for ictal studies in the very early phase after seizure onset.

Adolescent↗