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Biomedical subjects

J Bates

Publications and source records attributed to J Bates.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Human papillomavirus and widespread cutaneous carcinoma after PUVA photochemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Oral psoralen with UV-A (PUVA) photochemotherapy is known to cause cutaneous malignancies and has been associated with cutaneous immunosuppression. Human papillomavirus infection has also been associated with cutaneous malignancies and with immunosuppressed individuals. We therefore sought evidence of human papillomavirus infection in a patient with a long history of PUVA therapy and multiple cutaneous malignancies. OBSERVATIONS: During a 15-year period, an otherwise healthy patient with psoriasis who had undergone a 10-year course of PUVA photochemotherapy developed 13 squamous cell carcinomas, eight lesions diagnosed as "squamous cell carcinoma vs keratoacanthoma," 14 other keratoacanthomas, six basal cell carcinomas, one melanoma in situ, and 18 other keratinocytic dysplasias. Twenty-two of the 30 lesions tested for human papillomavirus DNA by polymerase chain reaction were positive for type 16/18, including six of the seven basal or squamous cell carcinomas tested. CONCLUSION: We hypothesize that PUVA therapy-induced immunosuppression may play an important role in PUVA-related carcinogenesis by affecting the extent and pathogenicity of human papillomavirus infection.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Farm animals as a putative reservoir for vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infection in man.

Using a highly selective enrichment broth, 62 isolates of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium were obtained from non-human sources; 35 isolates from raw sewage, 22 from farm animals and 5 from uncooked chickens. All strains possessed the Van A gene, conferring high-level resistance to vancomycin (MIC > or = 256 mg/L). Ribotyping of 42 of these isolates resulted in 14 distinguishable patterns. Two ribotyping patterns were found among isolates from animals and sewage and those from clinical sources. A blood and a urine isolate from separate hospital patients and porcine isolates shared the same ribotyping pattern number 6 and a stool isolate from a patient in the community and sewage isolates shared another pattern, number 10. This finding suggests that animals may serve as a reservoir of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), which may enter the human food chain. The emergence of VRE in hospital patients may reflect selection of these organisms in the hospital environment by antibiotic usage from which nosocomial spread might occur.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Faecal carriage and nosocomial spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium.

Eight clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) were obtained from four renal and four other in-patients within an 11 week period during 1992. Characterisation of the isolates by restriction enzyme analysis with Sal I and rRNA gene restriction patterns (ribotyping) showed them to be clonally related. During the next 3 months an additional 14 VRE were isolated from hospital patients, nine of which were indistinguishable by ribotyping from the strain associated with the outbreak. An epidemiological survey was instigated in order to determine the level of carriage of this VRE. A total of 354 stool specimens was screened using a highly selective enrichment broth. VRE were detected in the stools of 11/73 (15%) of renal patients, 5/97 (5%) of other hospital patients and 3/184 (2%) of patients based in the community. Of the 25 stool isolates that were further characterised by ribotyping, 17 were indistinguishable from the outbreak strain. The remaining eight isolates gave seven different patterns. Patients harbouring the outbreak strain stayed in hospital significantly longer and had received more antibiotic treatment, for longer, than those patients from whom other VRE had been isolated. There was no significant difference in vancomycin or cephalosporin usage between the two groups of patients. Ribotyping showed there to be a number of clones of VRE carried by patients and that one of these clones was especially prevalent and has been responsible for the outbreak of infection in the renal unit. The technique also showed the presence of different VRE in general practice patients suggesting they are not just a hospital phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

An open access bone densitometry service: report of first year's operation.

Medical treatment of symptomatic osteoporosis is unsatisfactory. Treatment of patients with low bone density but without history of fracture includes hormone replacement therapy (HRT) which offers the prospect of reduced fracture risk. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) offers a safe and accurate technique available for the measurement of bone mineral density at a district general hospital level. All open access service providing densitometry measurements for general practitioners and hospital consultants was instigated at South Cleveland Hospital in February 1991. A major purpose of the service was to provide density measurements in order to 'inform' the discussion between the patient and doctor with regard to the use of anti-resorptive and other medical agents. We report our experience of operating such a service. The report analyses the main reasons for referrals. Nine hundred and thirty female subjects and 63 male subjects were scanned. The main reason for female referral were early menopause, consideration for HRT, personal history of fracture and family history of fracture--these account for 54.7% of all referrals. In men, there was a high incidence of fracture, back pain and the use of steroids given as reasons for referral. Sixty-seven per cent of patients were referred by general practitioners. Eighteen per cent of female lumbar spinal BMD values were between 1 and 2 S.D. below the Leeds normative mean and 9.0% below 2 S.D. Figures for the femoral neck were 22.0 and 9.0%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1993

Multifocal fibrosclerosis. Report of a case of bilateral idiopathic sclerosing pseudotumor and retroperitoneal fibrosis.

We describe a 56-year-old white man who presented with gradual and progressive visual loss and subsequent hypertension and pedal edema. A computed tomographic scan of the orbits showed bilateral diffuse retrobulbar masses, and an abdominal computed tomographic scan showed a diffuse retroperitoneal mass invading the aorta, ureters, and inferior vena cava. Biopsies of the orbit and abdomen confirmed a heterogeneous cell population and marked fibrosis consistent with a sclerosing inflammatory process. Bilateral sclerosing orbital inflammatory disease should cue the physician to suspect coexisting systemic disease. This report is the fourth to document bilateral sclerosing orbital inflammatory disease and the second to have obtained biopsies of the orbit and abdomen showing histologic similarities.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1993

Molecular epidemiology of penicillin-resistant pneumococci isolated in Nairobi, Kenya.

A total of 26% of the pneumococci isolated from an outpatient clinic in Nairobi, Kenya, during 1991 to 1992 had intermediate levels of penicillin resistance. Gene fingerprinting and DNA sequencing were used to distinguish the penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 1A, 2B, and 2X genes in 23 resistant isolates. Isolates were grouped into those that had identical forms of each of the three PBP genes (fingerprint groups) and those that had identical rRNA gene restriction patterns (ribotypes). Both methods divided the isolates into 11 groups. In a few cases, horizontal gene transfer appeared to have distributed an identical altered PBP gene into different pneumococcal lineages. Eight isolates were indistinguishable by ribotyping or multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and contained identical PBP 1A genes. Although these isolates were therefore members of the same clone, they were divided into two fingerprint groups which contained different PBP 2X and 2B genes. Presumably, members of this clone have acquired different altered PBP 2X and 2B genes on two separate occasions. One of these fingerprint groups contained isolates of serotype 14, whereas the other contained isolates of both serotypes 14 and 7. The identification of isolates in the latter group that are identical by all criteria, except serotype, implies the occurrence of a change in serotype. The predominant serotypes of the penicillin-resistant pneumococci from Nairobi were serotypes 14 and 19. In both cases, isolates of the same serotype which required the same MIC of penicillin were not members of a single clone, indicating that identity of serotype and MIC are not sufficient criteria for defining clones of resistant pneumococci even when the bacteria are isolated from a single clinic.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Comparative analysis of human papillomavirus detection by polymerase chain reaction and Virapap/Viratype kits.

Cervical samples from 270 women referred by area physicians were analyzed for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, and 18 by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by Southern hybridization. Samples from 154 patients were concurrently analyzed by a commercial filter hybridization technique (Virapap and Viratype Kits, Life Technologies, Bethesda Research Labs, Gaithersburg, MD). The sensitivity of the Southern blot procedure combined with PCR was significantly higher than that of the Virapap and Viratype methods. HPV was detected in 67% of women who had positive results for dysplasia by PCR and in 47% by the Virapap method. HPV types 16/18 were found more commonly than types 6/11 in every diagnostic category. More than one HPV type was detected in 12% of HPV-positive patients. The prevalence of HPV in cytologically negative or indefinite patients as measured by PCR was 22% and 40%; in contrast, by the Virapap method, these values were 7% and 10%. These results demonstrate that PCR combined with Southern hybridization provides a higher level of sensitivity than methods that use hybridization without amplification of HPV DNA and also show that the prevalence of HPV is highest in cytologically positive smears.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1990

Development of a vaccine preventing parvovirus-induced reproductive failure in pigs.

An inactivated porcine parvovirus (PPV) vaccine for the prevention of PPV-induced reproductive failure in pigs was developed, using virus grown in cell culture, inactivated with beta-propiolactone and adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide. The vaccine was tested for safety by subcutaneous injection into pregnant gilts. There were no signs of abnormal reactions nor evidence of PPV infection in the gilts or their foetuses when they were sacrificed 6 weeks after vaccination. To demonstrate that the vaccine was immunogenic, pigs were immunised either once or twice with 4 weeks between doses. Resulting antibody titres (haemagglutination inhibition - HAI) ranged from less than 8 to 64 (geometric mean of 30) after one dose of vaccine, and from 128 to 512 (geometric mean 256) after two doses. To demonstrate that the vaccine was protective, antibody-negative gilts were vaccinated twice, with 4 weeks between doses, joined after the second dose, and were then infected with virulent PPV 40 to 50 days after joining. In litters from 10 vaccinated gilts, none of 93 foetuses showed evidence of PPV infection. In contrast, in litters from two unvaccinated gilts, all 13 foetuses showed evidence of PPV infection and 10 of these were mummified. The average number of live piglets per litter was 9.2 from vaccinated gilts and 1.5 from unvaccinated gilts. The vaccine was therefore considered to be effective in preventing PPV reproductive failure in susceptible gilts.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Distinction of microcytic disorders: comparison of expert, numerical-discriminant, and microcomputer analysis.

Presumptive distinction between iron deficiency and heterozygous thalassemia by analysis of the automated blood count and differential continues to be a challenge. We compared two proposed numerical discriminants (MCV2 x MCH, and MCV2 x RDW/100 x Hb) with an analytic microcomputer program (BCDE2 Lea & Febiger). In 7114 subjects, the numerical discriminants and the BCDE2 program correctly identified greater than 90% of thalassemia. In subjects with iron deficiency, the BCDE program was greater than 90% sensitive and specific for positive identification, while the numerical discriminants were less than 75% sensitive and specific at inferential identification. The numerical discriminants, BCDE2, and 17 experts in blood counting were asked to interpret the blood-count data in 7 fully-defined actual cases. The mean experts' score was 5.65 cases correct out of 7. The BCDE program was correct in all cases. The numerical discriminants could not analyze all cases, and both were incorrect in at least one case. We conclude that for the task of analyzing blood counts for microcytic disorders, microcomputer analysis by BCDE outperforms both numerical discriminant functions and analysis by expert hematologists.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1987

Combined use of an automated sample processor and a polymer-based high-performance liquid chromatographic column to determine the pharmacokinetics of labetalol in man.

An improved high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay has been developed for the analysis of labetalol in human plasma. The method is based on the combined use of an automated sample processor, reversed-phase analysis on a microparticulate polymer-based HPLC column and fluorescence detection. The pH stability of the polymeric column packing material allowed the use of a mobile phase adjusted to pH 9.5, which was optimal for the fluorescence of labetalol. Assay validation was undertaken over the labetalol concentration range 2-100 ng/ml. Calibration curves were essentially linear, and the mean coefficient of variation was 5.3%. The assay has been used for the analysis of clinical samples in support of pharmacokinetic studies.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1987

Migration age profiles for local authority areas in England, 1971-1981.

"This paper is a report on continuing research on the application of age profiles in migration analysis. In particular, it is an update of previous work published in this journal with an analysis of 1981 Census data for local authority areas in England. The changes in migration patterns over the intercensal period from 1971 to 1981 are described." The focus is on internal migration

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Serological studies with influenza A(H1N1) viruses cultivated in eggs or in a canine kidney cell line (MDCK).

Pairs of influenza A(H1N1) viruses cultivated from the same clinical specimen in canine kidney (MDCK) cells or in embryonated hens' eggs can frequently be distinguished by their reactions with monoclonal antibodies to haemagglutinin and with antibodies in ferret or human sera. Egg-adapted virus, further passaged in MDCK cultures remained "egg-like" in serological characteristics indicating that the differences in their serological reactions were not a direct result of host cell-dependent glycosylation of the haemagglutinin. Haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) or virus neutralizing antibodies in human sera can be detected more frequently, and to higher titre, in tests employing virus grown exclusively in MDCK cells than in tests with virus adapted to growth in embryonated eggs. Striking differences were detected in the serological reactions in HI tests when sera from ferrets infected with egg-grown virus were tested against a series of strains of influenza A(H1N1) virus isolated in 1983 and adapted to growth in eggs. In contrast, sera from ferrets infected with MDCK-derived virus failed to distinguish serologically between the same viruses that had been passaged exclusively in MDCK cells and also revealed relatively small differences between their egg-adapted counterparts.It was concluded that the cell substrate used for virus isolation and cultivation is a factor that should be considered when interpreting the results of strain characterization of influenza A(H1N1) isolates and in sero-surveys using these viruses.

Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype↗
PubMed1985

Denturism.

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Dental Auxiliaries↗