Biomedical subjects

J Barnouin

Publications and source records attributed to J Barnouin.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1986

[Continuing eco-pathological survey: 6. Influence of zootechnical and space-time factors on some biochemical variables in the dairy cow].

Several hundred of blood samplings were performed on dairy cows in four French departments, from 1978 to 1982. They were used to analyse the effect of eight factors on the physiological variations of twelve biochemical variables. Only the blood withdrawal date related to calving date or milk production were able to explain more than 15% of the variance of free or total cholesterol or phospholipids.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗

PubMed1986

[Continuing eco-pathological survey: 8. Epidemiological approach to postpartum mastitis in the dairy cow: discriminating biochemical parameters].

To discriminate two groups of dairy cows (with or without post-partum mastitis), with blood parameters, we used discriminant analysis on two samples of dairy cows: one sample where blood was collected around parturition (15 days before and 15 days after calving); one sample where blood was collected at any time of the lactation, but with the same mean interval calving-blood collection in the two groups of animals. Blood parameters which differenciate the two groups (ill and safe) are essentially parameters of energetic metabolism i.e. glucose and 3-hydroxybutyrate. Results are discussed according to the possibility of glucose to be an indicator of energetic status.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗

PubMed1986

[Continuing eco-pathological survey: 9. Influence of the level of production on the pathology of the dairy cow].

Observations are made, during the Eco-Pathological Survey (EEPC), about six main clinical diseases of the dairy cow in the aim of studying the relationships between the milk yield level, the milk fat content, and the susceptibility to the major pathological problems (mastitis, metritis, retained placenta, lameness, digital infections, milk fever). Lactations from Black-Pied cows (1,036) and from Red-Pied ones (Montbéliardes, Tachetées de l'Est) (203) are analysed, and breed and lactation number effects are assessed. As a general trend, disease incidence increases with milk yield. For cows in the 2nd lactation or more, maximum daily milk yield increases with increasing number of diseases occurrences during the lactation: cows free of the six studied diseases produce 28 kg vs 29.2 kg for females with one disease, 30.2 kg when two diseases occurred, 31.9 kg for three diseases or more (P less than or equal to 0.001). Mastitis, lameness and digital infections appear as diseases linked with "high yield" (risk threshold between 30 and 35 kg of maximum daily milk yield). The average milk fat content of the cows free of pathology is 1 to 3% higher compared with affected animals. Relationships between milk yield level and susceptibility to disease seem to be included in the definition of the dairy herd of the future.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Determination of plasma non-esterified fatty acids in herbivores and man: a comparison of values obtained by manual or automatic chromatographic, titrimetric, colorimetric and enzymatic methods.

Non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) contents were determined (1) in cow, goat, mare and human plasmas or sera and (2) in bovine serum albumin solutions by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatographic methods which were compared with 6 chemical methods of determination and 2 enzymatic methods (manual and automatic). The chemical methods combined two extraction techniques (isopropanol-heptane and silicic acid-diisopropyl ether) and three determination methods (titrimetry and colorimetry using either phenol red or copper soaps). Correlations between the nine various methods were high, but in some cases regression lines were different from the bissector and species-dependent. The putative occurrence of interfering compounds or the possible effect of between-species differences in NEFA composition have been discussed. The choice of a fast method depends primarily on practical considerations, but the need to standardize each method for a given species has been stressed. Automatic enzymatic assay seemed to be suitable for routine analyses.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

[Continuous ecopathological survey. 1. Classification of the pathology observed in dairy cattle breeding].

Observations were made during a continuous ecopathological survey on 3,216 dairy cows from 90 dairy farms and localised in six French departments, over a three year period (1978-1981). The pathology described for cows and their calves was classified according to the frequency of each disease and/or symptom. The reasons for culling as well as those for mortality were also classified. The pathology of reproduction and the mammary gland in the dairy cow and the digestive pathology and mortinatality of calves appear to be the major pathological problems.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

[Continuous ecopathological survey. 2. Typology of dairy cattle farms with high and low fertility].

Management characteristics were analysed in two groups of dairy herds (20 to 60 cows per herd) during a continuous eco-pathological survey, in relation to high and low fertility. 59.8% of the cows from the eleven high fertility herds were successfully inseminated at first service and 11.4% of the cows inseminated for the first time more than 40 days post-partum required 3 or more services. The corresponding values were 51.1 and 25.6% for the ten low fertility herds. Other reproductive criteria (calving-first service interval, disturbed oestrus cycles), which more depend on the reproduction management, were not different between the two groups. Feeding system greatly varied in the low fertility group. Frequent changes in diet composition, a longer period of "green" forages distribution (crucifers, grass silage) as well as less utilisation of concentrates are some of the reasons which can explain the low fertility. Calving occurred mainly from February to April in low fertility herds, at the transition from winter diets to grazing. Milk production was lower, 4 580 kg per cow and per year vs 5 520 kg for high fertility group. Milk production falls were more frequent and Holstein semen was less used. Tied housing conditions, and higher incidence of Fasciola hepatica and abomasal mematodes characterised low fertility herds; inversely, the clinical pathology appeared to be less frequent in this group. Soil manganese concentration was lower (16.3 ppm) in the low fertility group as compared to the other group (30.9 ppm); this could be explained by less schistose rocks where the low fertility farms are localized. In conclusion, the risk factors associated with low fertility may be attributed to: the composite system of feeding in addition to the use of "green" forages, a lack of proper programming with regards to the season of calving, and the high frequency of parasitic infestations, with special reference to liver fluke.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

[Evaluation of hepatic pathology of bovines by a blood sample. Relations with histopathologic findings].

Three groups of twelve cows were chosen after slaughter on the basis of their state of liver damage. First group of cows was normal (no visible hepatic lesion : N group); second group (CD group) had cholangitis lesions related to Fasciola hepatica; and the last group (AN) had severe liver damages. Histopathologic examinations, various metabolic determinations in plasma and an immunologic detection of Fasciola hepatica were performed on hepatic tissue or blood samples. Results showed that gamma-GT, GLDH, albumin, globulins and total protein levels in plasma were significatively different between N group and CD or AN groups. Comparison between CD group and AN group showed that GLDH activities were significatively higher and albumin concentrations significatively lower in AN group than in CD group. Immunological test showed that Fasciola hepatica was the main cause of the liver lesions. It was concluded that an hepatic blood profile should include gamma-GT, GLDH and albumin determinations and a Fasciola hepatica serological test. Other hepatic tests are presented to complete the hepatic profile.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

[A continuous eco-pathological survey: aims and strategy (author's transl)].

The article describes a dynamic information system, gradually built up since 1977 in 126 herds from eight French departments, designed to provide data on bovine and ovine disease. Details of the methodology used are also included. This new epidemiologic apparatus is a continuous data-base constituted from information concerning not only the overall disease picture, but also feeding, herd management, climate, soil, and elements of the technical, economic and social environment of the farms. Biochemical blood analyses and serological investigations with respect to infectious and parasitic disease were also systematically undertaken. The chief objectives of the continuous eco-pathological survey are, initially, to set up a computerised study concerned with the interrelationships of environment and pathology, and the processes and factors linked with disease, and in the long term, to establish a preventive veterinary network.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

[A continuous eco-pathological survey: data coding and checking procedure (author's transl)].

An effective data-base requires homogeneity, versatility and comprehensiveness. In this article, general rules of coding and particular schedules for the main data of the Eco-Pathological Survey are presented. The prevention of erroneous entries in a data-base is an essential safety measure to ensure that calculations and conclusions are valid. With this in mind, error checking programs have been developed in relation to the Eco-Pathological data-base. The system and results of this control procedure are described and discussed with respect to the coding of 10,800 cards. In the "Annual Reports" 1.24% of entries were found to be erroneous and 0.19% of other data (nutrition, numbers of animals, overall disease picture, analysis results) was also incorrect. A second control covering 10% of the cards enabled the detection of a number of "remaining errors" (impracticable to check). Thus although 0.048% of the "Annual Reports" data and 0.29% of other data remain erroneous the data-base is well protected (low percentages). The "remaining errors" are linked with the data-handling system and this must be accepted as the minimum remaining inaccuracy.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

[The control of animal diseases in france during the last fifteen years, as it appears throught the eradication of bovine tuberculosis. proposals for the future (author's transl)].

In the general outline of the success, on a national scale, of the eradication of bovine tuberculosis in France up to 1974, we have tried to find out the factors which could explain the differences, sometimes important, between French departments in the efficiency of this eradication. We have selected twenty seven parameters distinctive of each of the 74 departments having more than 50 000 bovine under the control of State Veterinary service. These parameters describe 1) tuberculosis infection rates of animals and herds, at three periods; 2) some structural characteristics of bovine production; 3) sanitary environment (veterinary practicioners, State Veterinary service, breeders association for sanitary protection). Statistical analysis by principal components show that department infection rate decreases as the first three factors evidenced by this analysis vary positively; they are: 1) "Sanitary Consciousness", which is defined both by the important of bovine production and by precociousness in developing prophylactic measures, these two factors being independent. 2) Specialization in bovine production, characterized by the percentage of young animals reared in the herd and by the proportion of grass produced by ley. 3) Intensity of sanitary environment. These three factors, which are interlinked to various degrees, control respectively 25%, 13% and 13% of the total variance. A complementary analysis of the data suggest that the efficiency of eradication could be improved by a better knowledge of the movement of breeding animals between the departments, and by a more careful recording, in some instances, of infected animals in slaughter hourses. When the importance of a herd increase sanitation of tuberculosis in infected herds is less readily achieved and brucellosis abortion rate increases. At the departement level, efficiency of eradication is not correlated to the expenses of prophylaxy. For the development of an integrated sanitary policy, taking into account such non specific factors as those exemplified in the study could help to a better control of animal diseases, in parallel to the desirable improvement of the specific means of combatting each disease.

Animal Husbandry↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Factors associated with clinical mastitis incidence in French dairy herds during late gestation and early lactation.

A prospective epidemiological survey was conducted in dairy herds in Brittany (France), concerning 139 herd-years. The data were divided into ten 14 herd-year groups (deciles) and three of these were compared using discrimination by barycentric analysis to study herd late gestation and early lactation variables associated with the annual incidence of herd clinical mastitis in the first 60 days of gestation (CMAI). The first decile included herd-years with low CMAI (o to 4.6%), the second decile, herd-years with medium CMAI (11.6 to 14.3%) and the last decile, herd-years with high CMAI (26.3 to 45.5%). Herd data included diet components, milk yield and reproduction parameters, clinical diseases, body condition score, body dirtiness score and circulating biochemical and hematological markers. The high CMAI group had the following characteristics: 1) lower percentages of dried cows supplemented with vitamins 'ADE'; 2) higher levels of plasma ceruloplasmin and higher gamma glutamyl transferase activities (GGT) in the late gestation period; 3) higher percentages of winter calvings (December, January, February). Clinical mastitis risk could be controlled by supplementations with vitamins A, D and E in the late gestation period, because of the potential relationship between oxidative stress and mastitis. Higher GGT activities would be associated with Fasciolasis via common climatic risk factors (rainfall, humidity) for both mastitis and liver flukes. Winter calving and clinical mastitis would be associated with unfavourable hygiene conditions and stress at calving related to high animal density and bad weather conditions. Ceruloplasmin could be a specific predictor for mastitis risk through nutritional, immune and genetic interrelated factors.

Animal Feed↗