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Biomedical subjects

J Bancroft

Publications and source records attributed to J Bancroft.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Sulfasalazine hypersensitivity with hepatotoxicity, thrombocytopenia, and erythroid hypoplasia.

Sulfasalazine, a commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, can cause an allergic reaction with hepatotoxicity, lymphadenopathy, and rash. In addition, many hematologic complications have been observed with sulfasalazine, including aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and erythroid hypoplasia. However, thrombocytopenia in association with sulfasalazine hypersensitivity has not been previously reported. We report a child who developed severe thrombocytopenia and anemia during a hypersensitivity reaction to sulfasalazine.

Anemia↗
PubMed1988

Homosexuality.

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Attitude↗
PubMed1988

Mood, sexuality, oral contraceptives and the menstrual cycle.

4112 women completed a retrospective questionnaire indicating when during their last menstrual cycle they felt their well-being and sexual interest to be at their best and worst. The commonest pattern was for well-being to be lowest during the premenstrual and highest during the postmenstrual week. Sexual interest was strongly associated with well-being, suggesting that variations of well-being have a powerful effect on sexuality in the majority of women. Oral contraceptive users, though broadly similar in their reported pattern, were less likely to show peaks and troughs of well-being and highs and lows of sexual interest. This was most evident in the subgroup of monophasic pill users who showed the least tendency to variations in both well-being and sexual interest, and a greater tendency to show either peaks or troughs of well-being during menstruation. Triphasic pill users were intermediate between monophasic and non-pill users.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The relationship between breast feeding persistence, sexuality and mood in postpartum women.

91 women were assessed early in pregnancy and again 3 and 6 months postpartum. Women who persisted in breastfeeding were less neurotic on the EPI but did not differ from artificial feeders in psychiatric history or sexuality before pregnancy. Breast feeders showed greater impairment of sexuality and slightly more depression at 3 months postpartum. These differences had largely disappeared at 6 months. Possible reasons for these negative effects of breast feeding are discussed and are likely to be multifactorial.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Food craving, mood and the menstrual cycle.

Seventy-six women, with a mean age of 35.7 years, who reported premenstrual craving for sweet foods in a retrospective questionnaire, were assessed prospectively with a pre- and post-menstrual eating questionnaire and daily ratings of craving, mood, irritability and breast tenderness over two menstrual cycles. In 72% of these women a perimenstrual pattern of food craving was confirmed. In 13% this craving was confined to the menstrual phase. There was no consistent association between food craving and mood change, either in timing or severity. Women with more severe mood change did not report more severe craving. There was also no association between food craving and cyclical breast tenderness. Perimenstrual food craving, therefore, appears to be a cyclical phenomenon in its own right, of uncertain aetiology and worthy of further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Increasing circulating androgens with oral testosterone undecanoate in eugonadal men.

The effects of oral testosterone undecanoate (TU 80 mg; Organon) on plasma testosterone was assessed in 9 men (average age 55 yrs) complaining of loss of sexual interest. Absorption tests were carried out following the first dose of TU and again after 3 or 4 weeks of chronic administration. Absorption was variable in timing, peaks occurring from 30 min to 5 1/2 h after the oral dose. Increases in plasma testosterone of at least 50% of baseline levels occurred in 14 of the 18 tests. Apart from a slightly faster metabolic clearance on the second test, associated with a significant reduction in SHBG, there were no other significant differences between the first and second absorption tests. Variability of absorption may be related to dietary factors. If this can be reduced by dietary control, TU offers distinct advantages over injectable esters and implants in the short-term administration of testosterone to eugonadal men.

Absorption↗
PubMed1987

The use of an LHRH agonist, buserelin, in the long-term management of premenstrual syndromes.

Buserelin, an LHRH agonist, was given by nasal spray to 20 women with premenstrual syndrome. In 10 women benefits were such that they continued treatment for periods varying from 5 to 15 months. There were significant improvements in mood and physical symptoms, and side-effects such as hot flushes were mild. The remaining 10 women were all made worse by the spray and stopped it within 2 months. Ovulation was blocked in all women though six showed evidence of ovulation during the first treatment month, and two women later in treatment. Of the long-term group, six eventually became amenorrhoeic, and four continued to menstruate. There was a significant improvement in symptoms during treatment in the long-term group. Physical symptoms continued to be worse before any menstrual bleeding. Mood change lost its relationship to menstruation. The adverse effects in the short-term group were sometimes severe and it is necessary to identify the characteristics of the woman who are likely to show such reactions before recommending this treatment for more general use.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Sex therapy outcome research: a reappraisal of methodology. 1. A treatment study of male sexual dysfunction.

In the first section a controlled treatment study of male sexual dysfunction is described. 'Unlucky' randomization of subjects yielded treatment groups which differed with respect to variables of possible prognostic significance. Hence the results are largely uninterpretable. In the second section the predominantly negative or inconsistent findings in sex therapy outcome research are reviewed and methodological problems, such as those described in the first part, are considered as possible reasons for these negative findings. The interrelationships are explored between small treatment groups, prognostic variability, bias, power, and small expected treatment effects. A strategy for future research is proposed, with particular emphasis on the recognition and use of relevant prognostic indices.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1986

Hormones, mood and sexuality in lactating women.

Of 25 primiparous women, investigated prospectively for six months post-partum, 19 persisted with breast feeding and six changed to artificial during the first six weeks. Sexual activity, mood, and feeding patterns were recorded in weekly diaries. Hormones were measured from weekly urine samples (oestrogen and pregnanediol) and fortnightly blood samples (prolactin, testosterone, androstenedione, and sex hormone binding globulin). In breast-feeding women, testosterone and androstenedione levels were significantly lower in those who reported severe reduction in sexual interest. Changes in sexuality or mood were not related to levels of prolactin or oestrogen, or to the return of follicular activity, which was delayed in persistent breast feeders. The relationships of mood, sexuality, and hormones are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Erectile impotence.

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Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1985

Simultaneous recording of penile diameter and penile arterial pulse during laboratory-based erotic stimulation in normal subjects.

We have assessed erectile responses of normal male subjects to short periods of fantasy and to short erotic films, using simultaneous measurement of penile diameter and penile dorsal arterial pulse amplitude, together with systemic arterial blood pressure, heart rate and skin blood flow. By a variety of criteria, we have satisfied ourselves that penile pulse amplitude reflected local vascular changes in the penis rather than changes in systemic blood pressure, although it is uncertain whether it was primarily determined by the magnitude of arterial flow or that of arterial volume. Penile pulse amplitude usually increased markedly during the stimulation period, and was correlated with penile erection. The temporal relationship between these two parameters was variable. Typically pulse amplitude increase started later than diameter increase but thereafter changed in parallel. In a proportion of responses, however, these two changes were markedly dissociated in time and these responses tended to be slower in reaching their maximum diameter. This variable association suggests that two separate processes involved in erection are being measured. Simultaneous monitoring of penile diameter and penile pulse may therefore provide further information about the basic physiological processes involved in penile erection as well as diagnostic information in patients with erectile dysfunction of uncertain aetiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Assessment of erectile function in diabetic and non-diabetic impotence by simultaneous recording of penile diameter and penile arterial pulse.

Simultaneous monitoring of penile diameter and penile arterial pulse during laboratory-based erotic stimulation with film and fantasy, has been used to compare diabetic and non-diabetic impotent men with non-impotent controls. The degree of erection to erotic film distinguished between organic and psychogenic aetiologies. The diabetic group showed smaller penile pulse amplitude changes than the other two groups. Amongst the diabetics, severe autonomic neuropathy was associated with impaired erectile and penile pulse amplitude responses. Severe retinopathy was associated with smaller baseline penile pulse amplitude as well as smaller amplitude response. Blood pressure response to erotic stimuli did not differ between the three groups. An analysis of the temporal relationship between penile diameter change and pulse amplitude change revealed differences between the groups that may prove to have diagnostic as well as theoretical implications.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Androgens, behaviour and nocturnal erection in hypogonadal men: the effects of varying the replacement dose.

The behavioural effects of varying the replacement dose of the oral androgen testosterone undecanoate (TU, Restandol) were investigated in eight hypogonadal men. Each man was withdrawn from his previous androgen replacement regimen and after a period of no treatment was administered four doses of TU (40, 80, 120 and 160 mg/d) in four successive one-month treatment periods using a double-blind design. Throughout the study each man recorded his sexual interest, behaviour and mood state using a daily diary form. In addition, four hypogonadal subjects had sleep erections and sleep quality assessed in the laboratory during a state of androgen withdrawal and again after a minimum of 5 months of androgen treatment. A dose response relationship was demonstrated for frequency of sexual thoughts, arousal accompanying sexual thoughts and well-being. Sleep erections improved significantly during testosterone administration. In men, sexual interest and sleep erections are androgen-dependent.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Hormones and human sexual behavior.

The role of sex hormones in the sexuality of men is now becoming clearer. Androgens are necessary for normal sexual appetite and for ejaculation. Erectile mechanisms, providing that appropriate erotic stimuli are available, are probably not androgen dependent. How much testosterone is required to obtain maximum sexual effect is not yet clear but it probably varies from individual to individual and may be well within the normal range in some men. Androgens may therefore be beneficial in treating loss of sexual appetite in men but are unlikely to improve erectile dysfunction unless it is secondary to loss of sexual appetite. In women the picture is much less clear. Apart from the estrogen dependence of the vaginal epithelium, important for the postmenopausal woman, female sexuality shows a very unpredictable relationship with reproductive hormones. Possible reasons for this variable picture are discussed, in particular a greater genetic variability and behavioral sensitivity to hormones in women than in men.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The effects of bromocriptine on the sexual behaviour of hyperprolactinaemic man: a controlled case study.

A 44-year old man presented with loss of sexual interest and erectile failure and together with his wife was treated successfully with sexual counselling. He was subsequently found to have been hyperprolactinaemic before and after sex therapy. Comparison of bromocriptine with placebo in two double blind studies showed a modest increase in sexual interest when his prolactin levels fell to normal. In this case, the principal effect of hyperprolactinaemia was on sexual interest. His main problems, erectile impotence and decline in sexual activity, resulted from his and his wife's psychological reaction to this modest hormonal effect. Hyperprolactinaemia appears to have a similar effect to testosterone deficiency in men.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Testosterone therapy for low sexual interest and erectile dysfunction in men: a controlled study.

A double blind cross-over comparison of testosterone and placebo injection was carried out in two groups of men with normal circulating testosterone levels, 10 complaining principally of loss of sexual interest and 10 complaining principally of erectile failure. A significant increase in sexual interest was produced by testosterone in the first group. There was no effect on erectile function in either group. These results support previous findings from hypogonadal men that testosterone influences sexual interest but not erectile function, and indicate that increasing plasma testosterone can effect sexual interest even in men with pre-treatment testosterone levels within the normal range.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Sexual responsiveness in diabetic women.

Sexual responsiveness in 82 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic women was compared with that of 47 normal control subjects, using an interview method for rating various aspects of sexual response, and attitude questionnaires. The diabetic women were questioned about symptoms of autonomic neuropathy, and cardiovascular autonomic nerve function tests were performed. There were differences between the two groups in the reports of vaginal lubrication, but in most other respects the groups were similar. The diabetic women were not less orgasmic, and reported significantly fewer unpleasant feelings during sexual intercourse. They saw themselves and their husbands as less 'potent' than did the normal subjects. The possible enhancing effect of diabetes on the marriage of some diabetic women possibly counteracted the relatively mild physiological deficits involved. There was very little difference in sexual response between women with and without symptomatic autonomic neuropathy.

Adult↗