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Biomedical subjects

J Bain

Publications and source records attributed to J Bain.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Ejaculatory incompetence and infertility.

Ejaculatory incompetence is a relatively uncommon cause of infertility but a potentially treatable one. We report on 11 men with anejaculation, 2 of whom presented with complaints of sexual dysfunction and 9 with infertility. Psychologic factors were considered the major cause in all patients. Sexual counseling was carried out in four couples; in three of these couples, subsequent intravaginal ejaculation occurred. Two couples achieved pregnancy by intravaginal ejaculation. Two of another three couples achieved pregnancy by artificial insemination with the husbands' semen (AIH); therefore, four of seven couples achieved pregnancy by either sexual therapy or AIH. These data indicate that ejaculatory incompetence should be inquired after in cases of infertility and that sexual therapy as opposed to prolonged psychoanalysis or AIH is an effective form of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Gonadal function in women treated with cyclophosphamide for childhood nephrotic syndrome: a long-term follow-up study.

The gonadal function of 18 women who were treated for childhood nephrotic syndrome at a mean age of 10.7 years with cyclophosphamide (mean dosage, 28 gm; mean duration of therapy, 354 days) was evaluated at a mean of 14.5 years after treatment by means of detailed questionnaires. Menstrual patterns were normal in all except two, who were still receiving intermittent prednisone therapy. Eight healthy children had been born to five mothers. Compared with males, there is little current evidence of gonadal toxicity in this patient group. Further follow-up is required to determine whether these women will undergo premature menopause.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Paediatric developmental screening: a survey of general practitioners.

A questionnaire survey of 293 general practitioner trainers in England to investigate paediatric screening yielded a response rate of 86%. Paediatric screening sessions were being held by a practice member in the practices of 54% of respondents. In one-third of these practices the practice member was acting in the capacity of clinical medical officer. Of responding trainers 28% held sessions personally and these doctors did not differ significantly from the remainder in terms of sex, seniority, hospital paediatric experience or membership of the Royal College of General Practitioners. About one-third of the doctors holding sessions had spent six months or more working in hospital paediatric departments. First-hand experience of paediatric screening was gained by 60% of the current trainees.Sixty-one per cent of trainers agreed with the view that developmental screening is an appropriate task for all general practitioners, while 71% saw it as an appropriate task for themselves. Eight-six per cent of trainers agreed that doctors should be paid for this service if trained for it, and 56% that they should be paid regardless of training.Comparative figures were determined from a parallel survey of 333 non-training general practitioners of whom 225 (68%) replied. Paediatric screening sessions were held in the practices of 34% of respondents and personally by 21%.It is concluded that there is a high level of interest in paediatric screening among general practitioners, but that there is a need for further expansion in postgraduate paediatric training.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1986

Three-day and seven-day treatment in acute otitis media: a double-blind antibiotic trial.

Ninety-six children with acute otitis media were randomized into a double-blind general practice trial of three-day and seven-day courses of cefaclor 125 mg tds. These regimens were equally effective in terms of resolution of symptoms and signs of otitis media, even in children presenting with bulging of the tympanic membrane. There was no difference between the groups in the recurrence of middle-ear infection during the six weeks after entry to the trial. The results provide further evidence about the effectiveness of short courses of antibiotics for children with presumed middle-ear infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Hypogonadal states in the male.

Male hypogonadism may be viewed either as a structural or functional abnormality of the testes; in most instances these usually go together. Dysfunction of the testes may involve the sperm-producing compartment alone (seminiferous tubules) or there may be a concomitant disorder of the testosterone-producing compartment (Leydig cells). Abnormalities of Leydig cell function are almost invariably associated with germ cell dysfunction, although the converse is not necessarily true. If male factor infertility is included, then hypogonadism in the male becomes an extremely common phenomenon affecting between 5% and 10% of the adult male population. If we understand the developmental steps in the formation of the male phenotype and the subsequent hormonal control of male reproductive physiology in the adult, the pathophysiology of various hypogonadal states becomes easier to elucidate and rational therapy can be planned.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Long term effects of cyclophosphamide on testicular function.

Thirty men treated in childhood with cyclophosphamide for a mean of 280 days were assessed at a mean of 12.8 years after treatment for hormone concentrations and spermatogenesis. Four were azoospermic, nine oligospermic, and 17 normospermic. There was a significant inverse correlation of sperm density with cyclophosphamide dosage and duration of treatment. After a further mean follow up of 7.2 years three patients who were previously oligospermic and one who was azoospermic had normal sperm counts. All patients had normal sexual characteristics and libido. Serum androgen and prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between patients and controls. Raised basal and stimulated follicle stimulating hormone concentrations were in keeping with impaired spermatogenesis. All patients had significantly raised luteinising hormone responses on stimulation with luteinising hormone releasing hormone. The results suggest compensated Leydig cell failure, and patients with this condition require long term evaluation of testicular function. Potential recovery of spermatogenesis with time requires appropriate counselling and contraceptive advice.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Acute otitis media: clinical course among children who received a short course of high dose antibiotic.

A prospective study was carried out in 274 children aged 3 to 10 years with acute otitis media. They were randomly allocated to one of two treatment regimens: (a) a seven day course of amoxycillin 125 mg three times a day, and (b) a two day course of amoxycillin 750 mg twice a day. They were followed up by symptom diaries and clinical examination. The findings in the 243 children who completed the trial showed that the short course of treatment was as effective as the seven day course in the speed of resolution of symptoms and signs, irrespective of previous history of otitis media or of episodes in which bulging of the eardrums was observed at presentation. A subgroup of 185 children was followed up for one year after entry to the trial. During this period no appreciable differences emerged between the two antibiotic regimens, either in recurrence rate of otitis media or in the frequency of hearing loss at one month and six months after entry to the study. Side effects of treatment were few, and those that could be attributed to antibiotic use occurred with equal frequency in the two treatment groups.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Common childhood problems: variation in management.

A patient management questionnaire was written to assess the range of advice being offered to parents on common paediatric problems. It was sent to hospital doctors, clinical medical officers, health visitors, and general practitioner trainers and trainees. In the 95 completed questionnaires just over half the items elicited conflicting advice, and some differences between different professional groups could be identified. It is suggested that such conflicts are potentially damaging to relationships between patients and health care professionals and that there are ways to avoid conflict.

Child↗
PubMed1985

The effect of oral medroxyprogesterone acetate and methyltestosterone on sexual functioning in a male contraceptive trial.

Twenty-three men who participated in a 15-month clinical trial to assess the potential effectiveness of using a combination of varying doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and methyltestosterone (MT) as a male contraceptive agent, completed a "sexual problem checklist" every two weeks. The study was divided into three phases: pre-treatment (3 months), treatment (6 months), post-treatment (6 months). The questionnaire evaluated changes in various aspects of sexual behaviour and sexual perception and explored whether the treatment influenced any of the parameters considered. The results indicated a small, but significant, decrease in subjective assessment of sexual drive. This was not, however, accompanied by a change in sexual behaviour, in that subjects experienced the same number of erections, ejaculations and frequency of intercourse. It is concluded that the combination of MPA and MT in the doses used may produce a slight decrease in subjective assessment of sexual drive, but no change in actual sexual behaviour.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Serodiagnosis of mansonian schistosomiasis with CEF6, a cationic antigen fraction of Schistosoma mansoni eggs.

Studies of the host-parasite relationship of Schistosoma mansoni in mice revealed that the parasite's eggs were toxic to liver cells of immunosuppressed hosts. Attempts to identify the toxic egg constituent led to the isolation of a fraction CEF6 from crude egg homogenate by cation exchange chromatography. CEF6 contains two cationic antigens, omega 1 and alpha 1, the former being recognized as the putative hepatotoxin. In an initial assessment of its serodiagnostic potential in enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), CEF6 yielded an enhanced degree of sensitivity and specificity when compared with crude egg homogenate, and a subsequent 'blind' inter-laboratory collaborative study confirmed that in certain circumstances the use of a purified fraction such as CEF6 may be advantageous. We here review the experimental work leading up to the isolation of CEF6, and summarize the results so far obtained from its use as a diagnostic aid in human schistosomiasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The stage-, strain- and species-specificity of a Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen fraction (CEF6) with serodiagnostic potential.

The immunological properties of CEF6, a cationic fraction of Schistosoma mansoni egg homogenate (SEA) containing two antigens, omega 1 and alpha 1, have been further investigated in two assays, immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) and enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Although precipitating antibodies to antigen omega 1 were amongst the first to appear in mice with patient infections, IgG reactivity against CEF6 in ELISA trailed somewhat behind that of IgG activity against unfractionated SEA. Specificity of the two antigens in CEF6 to the egg stage of the parasite life-cycle was demonstrated by the failure of immunizations with cercarial or worm antigens to induce antibodies which reacted against either alpha 1 or omega 1 in IEP, or against CEF6 in ELISA. Mice infected with S. mansoni strains derived from geographically distinct areas, including the Caribbean, South America and Africa, produced antibodies which were reactive against CEF6 prepared from eggs of a Puerto Rican S. mansoni strain that had been maintained in the laboratory for many years. Of the different precipitating anti-SEA antibody species induced by the various S. mansoni strains in mice, those reactive against antigen omega 1 appeared to be present in highest titre. Sera from mice chronically infected with S. japonicum and S. haematobium failed to precipitate CEF6 in IEP and were less reactive with CEF6 than with S. mansoni SEA in ELISA. However, similar degrees of ELISA reactivity against S. mansoni CEF6 and SEA were given by sera from mice infected with S. bovis. The results support the notion that the antigens in CEF6 may be useful in the serodiagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Psychological, hormonal, and weight disturbances in functional amenorrhea.

The authors studied functional secondary amenorrhea in young women. There was a high incidence of weight disturbance. Hormone assays demonstrated a diminution of hypothalamic-pituitary function in the underweight group. The findings from psychiatric interviews and psychological testing revealed the prevalence of psychopathology with disorders of self concept, confusion of body image, faulty mechanisms of defence in dealing with affects and impulses and disturbances of interpersonal relationships. The onset of amenorrhea was often related to situations of stress. The results suggested that psychological factors were primary in the development of functional secondary amenorrhea.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Male hypogonadism.

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Follicle Stimulating Hormone↗