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Biomedical subjects

J Bain

Publications and source records attributed to J Bain.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Delay in diagnosis of childhood asthma and its influence on respiratory consultation rates.

A survey of cases of asthma in two general practices with a special interest in the disease identified 212 asthmatic children aged 0-16 years by the end of January 1989 who had been registered in that practice since birth. Delay in diagnosis, both in terms of time (median 2.95 years) and number of consultations (median 7), was considerable. Annual rates of consultations for respiratory symptoms that were initiated by the patients fell significantly after diagnosis (median before = 1.80, after = 0.95 consultations/year), but the number initiated by the doctors rose significantly (median before = 0, after = 1.01 consultations/year). The overall rates before and after diagnosis were not significantly different (median before = 2.04, after = 2.21 consultations/year). Increased efforts are required to reduce this delay thereby minimising the morbidity of asthma in childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Male contraception.

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Coitus Interruptus↗
PubMed1988

Rational decisions in managing sore throat: evaluation of a rapid test.

Sixty nine general practitioners recorded what they had prescribed for a total of 1189 episodes of sore throat. Antibiotics were prescribed in 763 (64%) episodes and broad spectrum antibiotics in 161 (21%) of these. If there was dysphagia, hoarseness, cervical adenopathy, and inflamed or purulent tonsils a prescription was more likely to be written. An enzyme immunoassay rapid test was evaluated as a means of rationalizing prescribing. Among 23 general practitioners and 250 patients the sensitivity of the test was 63% and the specificity 91.7% compared with 74% and 58% for clinical assessment alone. Test results rarely caused previous prescribing decisions (34 [corrected] (13%) episodes) to be altered. We suggest that the time is not ripe for the use of the enzyme immunoassay rapid test on a wide scale in the routine assessment of sore throats.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of directed coughing in cystic fibrosis.

Supervised directed coughing was compared to conventional physiotherapy (postural drainage, vibration and/or percussion and coughing) in 38 patients with cystic fibrosis aged 9-18 years admitted to hospital with an exacerbation of their pulmonary symptoms. Assessment included objective measures of pulmonary function and sputum characteristics. Both treatment groups showed significant improvement at the end of the 2-week period. When the patients were graded according to their pulmonary disease, those with mild-moderate disease demonstrated a significant improvement in both treatment groups whereas those with severe lung disease showed little improvement with either treatment. Directed coughing is as effective as conventional physiotherapy in the management of patients with cystic fibrosis admitted to hospital for treatment of an exacerbation of their pulmonary symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Serum pituitary and steroid hormone levels in the adult male: one value is as good as the mean of three.

The result of the hormone concentration of one blood sample was used to determine the accuracy of predicting not only the hormone concentrations of a second and third sample drawn 15 minutes apart, but also the mean value of the three samples. Three blood specimens from 73 men involved in two previously reported studies (A and B) were assayed individually for luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, estradiol, and cortisol. The predictive correlation of one single hormone value, when compared with the mean of three values, was 0.90 or greater, except for prolactin in study A (0.86) and testosterone in study B (0.86). Since the hormone level obtained for one sample has such a high predictive value for the hormone levels of the other two samples, drawing more than one sample is redundant.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Sexual sadism: brain, blood, and behavior.

The behavior of sadists is bizarre and poorly understood. There are gross endocrine and brain abnormalities in a small number of these men. Approximately two-fifths show subtle temporal lobe brain abnormalities that are logically linked to sexual behavior and require further exploration. It would be interesting to explore the interface of the endocrine system and the brain--that is, to determine if there are interactive processes that may be related to the development of sexual anomalies, perhaps early in life as suggested by Kolarsky et al. Certainly, biological factors cannot determine whether an individual will act on his sexual impulses. Many psychological factors, such as family background and substance abuse, play a significant role in the dangerousness of the individual. However, it appears that biological factors are noteworthy in sexual sadism. Brain pathology, especially, shows some correlation with force used in offences and likelihood of recidivism, and for this reason alone it merits further study.

Aggression↗
PubMed1987

Parasitological evaluation of curative and subcurative doses of 9-acridanone-hydrazone drugs against Schistosoma mansoni in baboons, and observations on changes in serum levels of anti-egg antibodies detected by ELISA.

Derivatives in the class of 9-acridanone-hydrazones were found to be highly active against Schistosoma mansoni in baboons. Single doses of 25 mg/kg were fully effective. Data are presented showing changes detected by ELISA in antibody levels against schistosome eggs which correlated positively with the effect of chemotherapy. This approach may help to evaluate the effects of treatment of human schistosomiasis where the detection of low egg counts is problematic.

Acridines↗
PubMed1987

Evidence for an immune-dependent action of praziquantel on Schistosoma mansoni in mice.

Effective schistosomicidal action of praziquantel against Schistosoma mansoni infections in mice appears to be dependent to some extent on appropriate immunological stimulation. Indirect evidence consistent with this hypothesis was obtained by demonstrating a positive relationship between drug efficacy and both the intensity and the age of the parasitic infection. More directly, it has previously been shown that praziquantel kills fewer S. mansoni worms in immunosuppressed T cell-deprived mice than in immunologically intact controls; and we show here that infections 5 weeks old, against which the drug alone is sub-optimally active, are more effectively killed by a combination of drug and a rabbit antiserum raised against adult worm antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The schistosome egg granuloma: immunopathology in the cause of host protection or parasite survival?

The granulomatous inflammatory response induced by schistosome eggs entrapped in the microvasculature of host tissues is considered responsible for much of the symptomatology of schistosomiasis. However, the evolutionary role of the egg granuloma in the host-parasite relationship is not yet well defined. Some evidence indicates that the lesion may protect the host, either by shielding tissues against toxic egg products, or by interfering with the migration patterns of secondary infections, and thereby non-specifically contributing to the host's acquired "immunity". We here review earlier work concerned with the role of the egg granuloma in the host-parasite relationship in schistosomiasis, and we present new experimental evidence to suggest that the function of this cell-mediated immune response might, in addition to its putative host protective function, facilitate the extravasation of parasite eggs in the mesenteries, and thereby contribute directly to the continuation of the schistosome life-cycle.

Animals↗